Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-State Duma yaqwalasela kwaye yamkela amatyala amaninzi anxulumene ne-IT. Phakathi kwazo ngumthetho weRuNet ozimeleyo, umthetho wokufakelwa kwangaphambili kwesoftware yaseRussia, eya kuqala ukusebenza kweli hlobo, kunye nabanye. Amanyathelo amatsha owiso-mthetho asendleleni. Phakathi kwazo kukho omabini amatsha, amatyala asele emangalisa, kunye namadala, asele elityelwe. Ingqwalasela yabaqulunqi bomthetho kukudala iibhanki zedatha ngolwazi malunga namaRashiya, ukuchongwa kwababhalisi kunye nezizathu ezintsha zokuthintela iziza.
Iibhanki zedatha zamaRashiya
Amasekela aceba ukuqwalasela amatyala amaninzi kulo nyaka kwiibhanki zedatha ngolwazi malunga namaRashiya.
Kukho iibhilikhwe ezimbini ezilawula ukuqokelela i-biometrics yimibutho yezemali (iibhanki), ukuqokelela okungazange kuzaliseke ngamabhanki kunyaka odlulileyo. Ekuqaleni ulungisa uMthetho we-Federal "Kwimisebenzi ye-microfinance kunye nemibutho yemali encinci" kwaye iyanqanda imibutho ye-microfinance ukuba ikhuphe iimali-mboleko ngaphandle kokuchonga abathengi usebenzisa inkqubo yokuchonga kunye nokuqinisekiswa okudibeneyo kunye nenkqubo ye-biometric edibeneyo. Oku kwenziwa ukuze kuliwe nokusetyenziswa kwedatha yabanye abantu xa ufumana ii-microloans.
Okunye sele yamkelwe kufundo lokuqala. Ulungisa uMthetho we-Federal "Ekulweni nokuBhaliswa ngokusemthethweni (UkuThuthukiswa) kweMali evela kuLwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuXhaswa kweMali yobuGqirha" kwaye iphucula ukulawulwa kwemisebenzi yamaziko ekhredithi ekuqokeleleni idatha yomntu we-biometric kunye nokwenza ukuchongwa kwe-biometric okude.
Ngaphezu koko, kwikamva elingekude baceba ukuqwalasela kwisifundo sesibini esinye sezona ndleko ziphakamileyo zonyaka ophelileyo - . Umqalisi walo mthetho uyilwayo ngurhulumente. Phakathi kweenjongo ezichaziweyo zokusebenzisa irejista edibeneyo yedatha yaseRashiya kukubonelela ngeenkonzo zikarhulumente, ukuhlolwa kweerhafu, ukukhuselwa komyalelo womgaqo-siseko, ukuziphatha kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesizwe lweRussian Federation. Umsebenzisi wale nkqubo yolwazi uya kuba yinkonzo yerhafu.
Nali ityala . I-FSB kunye neKomiti ye-State Duma kwi-State Building kunye neMithetho yoMthetho yathetha ngokuchasene ne-bill kwifom yayo yangoku, ekubeni ayithethi umba wokhuseleko lwedatha kumaRashiya. Ngelo xesha, ekwindla ka-2019, owayenguNdunankulu uDmitry Medvedev wayala ukwamkelwa kwalo mthetho ngaphambi komhla we-1 kaJulayi 2020. Kwinkqubo yomsebenzi osondeleyo we-State Duma, ukuqwalaselwa kwayo kucwangciselwe ngoMeyi walo nyaka, ngoko thina. silindele izilungiso kunye nokwamkelwa komthetho oyilwayo kwixesha elizayo elingekude.
Ngokucacileyo, kwiminyaka ezayo, lonke ulwazi olukhoyo malunga namaRashiya luya kuqokelelwa kwiibhanki zedatha ezahlukeneyo kwii-arhente zikarhulumente kunye neebhanki (idatha yebhayometriki). Ngo-2018, i-ofisi yobhaliso loluntu edibeneyo ye-elektroniki sele ivelile, kwaye inkulumbuso yethu entsha ithethelela ukwenziwa kwedatha yedijithali.
Ukuchongwa komrhumi
Amatyala amaninzi anikezelwa ekuchongeni umrhumi. Ingqiqo kwabanye babo kukuba oku kuyimfuneko ukulwa neengxelo zobuxoki zemigodi. Emva kokuhlasela kwemfonomfono kaDisemba, amathuba okuba la matyala adlule aye anda.
Icetywe ukuphononongwa kuxanduva lolawulo lwabasebenzisi ngokutshintsha inombolo yomrhumi. Umqali webhili nguLyudmila Bokova. Lo mthetho uyilwayo waziswa kwi-State Duma ngo-2017. Kwizigqibo, izimvo ezininzi zenziwa kuyo, nangona kunjalo, ayitshintshi i-bill ye-bill, ngoko ke inethuba lokwamkelwa, ngakumbi emva kokuba uBokova abe ngusekela-mphathiswa kwi-Ministry of Telecom kunye noNxibelelwano lweMisa. Apho kanye namhlanje ukwazisa "utyikityo lwedijithali" ukuqinisekisa abafowunayo.
Okunye I-Lateral - kuxanduva lolawulo lokuthengisa iiSIM khadi ngaphandle kokugqiba izivumelwano zobhaliso. Ukuthengiswa kwe-SIM ngesandla "ngomntu ongenalo igunya elivela kumqhubi we-telecom," kucetywayo ukuba kuhlawulwe kwisixa se-2 ukuya kwi-200 eyiwaka. Abaqalisi bomthetho oyilwayo bacebise ukugxothwa kwabemi bangaphandle kwiRussian Federation ngenxa yezo zenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa urhulumente ekuqukumbeleni kwakhe waqwalasela oku kungeyomfuneko, ngelixa exhasa umthetho oyilwayo. Urhulumente ukwabonise ukuba amapolisa awafuni mthwalo ungaphezulu, kwaye amagosa ogcino-mthetho aza kuqulunqa iingxelo malunga nokuthengiswa ngokungekho mthethweni kweeSIM khadi kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.
Enye , ehambelana ne-SIM (ewe, ababhali bayo baquka i-Bokova) ibhilikhwe ekukwazi ukuchonga indawo yombhalisi ngaphandle komyalelo wenkundla. Abaqalisi bomthetho oyilwayo bagxininisa ukuba oku kuyimfuneko kuphela ukukhangela abantu abalahlekileyo. Ibhonasi kumbono wokuchonga umrhumi ngaphandle kwesigqibo senkundla sisiphakamiso sokunyanzela abaqhubi be-telecom ukugcina lonke ulwazi malunga nabasebenzisi beenkonzo zabo iminyaka eyi-3, ukwenza kube lula ukwenza umsebenzi wokukhangela osebenzayo.
Izitshixo
Rhoqo ngonyaka eRashiya, kuvela izizathu ezintsha zokuvala iziza. Amatyala amaninzi sele esendleleni.
Abaqulunqi bomthetho bayacebisa ngobuqhetseba kwimarike yezemali ngokwesicelo seBhanki Enkulu. I-Central Bank iya kuba nako ukuqalisa i-extrajudicial blocking emva kokuba indawo ifakwe kwirejista ekhethekileyo. Kucetywa ukuthintela iindawo zababolekisi ngemali ngokungekho mthethweni, iiphiramidi zemali kunye neziza zokurhwaphiliza. Ukuba iBhanki ePhakathi ifumanisa iziza eziqulethe ulwazi malunga neendlela zokuqhawula iinkqubo zebhanki, ngoko, ngokwe-bill, kuya kufuneka ihambe enkundleni ukuze ivimbe indawo.
Kwakhona nikeza kunye nezixhobo malunga nenkohlakalo kwizilwanyana. Umthetho oyilwayo ubonelela ngothintelo lwaphambi kovavanyo. Ngokutsho kwabaqalayo, oku kuyimfuneko ukukhusela umonakalo kwimpilo yengqondo yenani elingenamkhawulo labantu. Iindleko ezongezelelweyo zemali kule bhilidi zi-ruble ze-9 yezigidi.
Elinye inyathelo- malunga nokuthintela ulwazi kwiintanethi zentlalo ngokusekelwe kwiingxelo zomsebenzisi (okuthi, ngokwenene, iinethiwekhi zentlalo zenza ngokwazo). Apha bafuna ukunyanzelisa abaqhubi beintanethi zentlalo, abanabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwe-100 lamawaka eRashiya ngosuku, ukuvala, ngokusekelwe kwiingxelo zomsebenzisi, ulwazi oluvuselela inzondo, njl. Kucetywayo ukuchonga abasebenzisi ngenombolo yefowuni. Inguqulo yokuqala ye-bill yathetha malunga nezigidi ezi-2 zabasebenzisi baseRashiya ezifunekayo ukuze lo mthetho uchaphazele umsebenzi womnatha woluntu, kodwa kumalungu ethu omthetho wonke umsebenzisi waseRashiya ubalulekile, ngoko ke inani lancitshiswa.
Kwakhona kulo nyaka kufuneka kuqwalaselwe malunga nokuthintela i-imeyile kunye nabasebenzisi bomthunywa okhawulezayo, kodwa iKomiti ye-State Duma yoLwakhiwo lukaRhulumente kunye noMthetho sele ibonise ukungavumelani nale ngcamango. Umntu unokuba nethemba lokuba lo mthetho uyilwayo awusayi kupasiswa.
Ii-asethi zemali zedijithali
Umthetho oyilwayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba wamkelwe kwiseshoni yasentwasahlobo . Oku kutshanje kuchazwe nguSihlalo weKomiti ye-State Duma kwiMarike yeMali. Ngaphambi koku, ukuqwalaselwa komthetho oyilwayo kwahlehliswa amaxesha amaninzi. Umbhalo webhili awuqulathanga ingcamango ye "cryptocurrency," kwaye inguqulelo yayo yangoku iyakwalela ukukhutshwa kwamathokheni angasetyenziselwa iintlawulo.
Inkulumbuso uMikhail Mishustin, ngaphambi kokuqeshwa kwakhe kwesi sithuba, wathi ukuthengiselana nge-cryptocurrency kufuneka kutsalwe irhafu. Mhlawumbi kwixesha elizayo siza kubona i-bill kwirhafu yentengiselwano ngempahla yedijithali.
Ilungelo lokushicilela
Ninikelwe kukhuseleko lwelungelo lokushicilela kunye namalungelo anxulumeneyo kwizinto ezisasazwe "kwizicelo zesoftware". Umnini-copyright uya kuba nako ukuthumela izaziso zokunyhashwa kwamalungelo akhe kumnikezeli wokusingatha okanye umnini wenkqubo yekhompyutha. Ukuba umboneleli uyasihoya isicelo, siya kuthunyelwa kumqhubi we-telecom.
Lo mthetho uyilwayo kufuneka uqwalaselwe ngoMatshi. Urhulumente kwimpendulo yakhe wafuna ukuba igqitywe, njengoko kufuneka iindlela zokuchonga umnini wenkqubo kunye nezizathu zemali kunye nezoqoqosho.
Isandla sombane
Amasekela akwaceba ukuqwalasela umthetho oyilwayo kufundo lwesibini malunga nokucacisa izizathu zokupheliswa kwesatifikethi esifanelekileyo. Okwangoku, isatifikethi sokutyikitya siyayeka ukusebenza ukuba ukuvunywa kweziko elisikhiphileyo kuphelelwa. Ibhili kufuneka isombulule le ngxaki.
umthombo: www.habr.com