Molweni nonke.
Kwisithuba esingaphezu konyaka odlulileyo kuye kwafuneka ndijongane nento engathandekiyo njengokurhaneleka kosulelo lomgada. Funda izolo undikhumbuze ngela tyala - ngakumbi ngokungakhankanywa komgada, nangona uxhaphake kakhulu (ingakumbi eRussia, eAsia, eAfrika naseMelika) kunye nentsholongwane efihlakeleyo. Ngelishwa, imingcipheko enxulumene nayo ayisoloko inikwa ukubaluleka okufanelekileyo.
Yintoni ke ngoko umgada? Oku enganyangekiyo isifo sentsholongwane esidluliselwa ngamathe okanye igazi lezilwanyana kunye nabantu abosulelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, usulelo lubangelwa kukulunywa sisilwanyana esithwala intsholongwane.
Yintoni enokuthi umhlali oqhelekileyo waseRashiya angathetha malunga nomgada? Ewe, kukho isifo esinjalo. Ngokunxulumene nayo, izinja ezinogwaja zisoloko zikhunjulwa. Isizukulwana esidala siya kongeza ukuba ukuba inja enjalo ikuluma, kuya kufuneka unikeze iinaliti ezingama-40 esiswini kwaye ulibale ngotywala kwiinyanga ezininzi. Oko mhlawumbi konke.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ayinguye wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba umgada sisifo esibulalayo nge-100%. Ukuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni wakho ngendlela enye okanye enye, i-"countdown" iqala: ngokuthe ngcembe iphindaphindeka kwaye isasazeke, intsholongwane ihamba ngeentambo zemithambo-luvo ukuya kwintambo yomgogodla kunye nengqondo. "Uhambo" lwalo lunokuhlala iintsuku ezininzi okanye iiveki ukuya kwiinyanga ezininzi - ngokusondeleyo ukuluma entloko, ixesha elincinane onalo. Ngalo lonke eli xesha uya kuziva uqhelekile ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ukuba uvumela intsholongwane ifikelele ekujoliswe kuyo, ugwetyiwe. Xa oku kwenzeka, awuyi kuziva iimpawu zesifo, kodwa uya kuba ngumthwali wayo: intsholongwane iya kubonakala kwiimfihlo zomzimba. Emva koku, umgada unokubonwa ngovavanyo, kodwa sele kusemva kwexesha kakhulu ukuwunyanga okwangoku. Njengoko intsholongwane isanda ebuchotsheni, ekuqaleni iimpawu zokuqala ezingenabungozi ziqala ukubonakala, ezithi emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa zibe kukudumba kwengqondo okuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhubazeka. Isiphumo sihlala sinye - ukufa.
Ukunyanga umgada lugqatso lokufa ngokoqobo. Isifo asiyi kuphuhla kuphela xa ukwazi ukusebenzisa isitofu sokugonya umgada phambi kokuba intsholongwane ingene ebuchotsheni kwaye uyinike ixesha lokuthatha amanyathelo. Esi sitofu yintsholongwane yomgada engasebenziyo (efileyo) ethi itofwe emzimbeni ukuze “iqeqeshe” amajoni omzimba ukulwa le ntsholongwane isebenzayo. Ngelishwa, olu “qeqesho” luthatha ixesha ukuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu, ngelixa intsholongwane iqhubeka isiya ebuchotsheni bakho. Kukholelwa ukuba akukephuzi kakhulu ukusebenzisa isitofu sokugonya ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezili-14 emva kokulunywa - kodwa kungcono ukulenza kwangoko kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngakumbi ngosuku lokuqala. Ukuba ufuna uncedo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye unikwe isitofu sokugonya, umzimba uya kwenza impendulo yomzimba kwaye utshabalalise intsholongwane “ngoMatshi.” Ukuba unqabile kwaye intsholongwane ikwazile ukungena kwingqondo ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwempendulo yokuzivikela komzimba, unokukhangela indawo emangcwabeni. Ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwesi sifo akusayi kuphinda kumiswe.
Njengoko ubona, esi sifo sibi kakhulu - kwaye iintsomi ezikhoyo eRashiya kwesi sihloko zikhangeleka ngakumbi.
Intsomi inombolo 1: Izinja kuphela ezithwala umgada. Ngamanye amaxesha iikati kunye (kancinci rhoqo) iimpungutye zikwabizwa ngokuba ngabathwali abanokwenzeka.
Inyaniso ebuhlungu yeyokuba abathwali bomgada, ukongezelela kwezo zikhankanyiweyo, banokuba nezinye izilwanyana ezininzi (ngokuchanekileyo, ezanyisayo kunye nezinye iintaka) - iirakhoni, iinkomo, iimpuku, amalulwane, amaqhude, oodyakalashe, kwanoonomatse okanye iihedgehogs.
Intsomi inombolo 2: Isilwanyana esinogwaja sinokubonakala ngokulula ngokuziphatha kwaso okungafanelekanga (isilwanyana sihamba ngendlela engaqhelekanga, siyavuza, siyaleqa ebantwini).
Ngelishwa, oku akusoloko kuyinyani. Ixesha lokufukamela lomgada lide kakhulu, kwaye amathe omntu othwele usulelo uyosulela kwiintsuku ezi-3-5 phambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu zokuqala. Ukongezelela, i-rabies ingenzeka kwifom "ethuleyo", kwaye isilwanyana sihlala silahlekelwa ukwesaba kwaye siphume kubantu ngaphandle kokubonisa ngaphandle kwaziphi na iimpawu ezisongelayo. Ngoko ke, xa ulunywe nasiphi na isilwanyana sasendle okanye esingaziwayo (nokuba sikhangeleka sisempilweni), esona senzo sichanekileyo kukubonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza, kubhetele kusuku lokuqala, ukufumana isitofu sokugonya umgada.
Intsomi inombolo 3: ukuba inxeba lokulunywa lincinci, kwanele nje ukulihlamba ngesepha kwaye libulale iintsholongwane.
Mhlawumbi eyona ngcamango iyingozi kakhulu. Intsholongwane yomgada, eneneni, ayikunyamezeli ukunxibelelana nezisombululo zealkaline - kodwa ukuze ingene kwizicubu zomzimba, nawuphi na umonakalo eluswini wanele. Akukho ndlela yokwazi ukuba wakwazi na ukwenza oku ngaphambi kokucoca inxeba.
Intsomi inombolo 4: Ugqirha ngokuqinisekileyo uya kukumisela iinaliti ezibuhlungu ezingama-40 esiswini, kwaye kuya kufuneka uye ezitofu yonke imihla.
Oku kwakunjalo ngokwenene, kodwa kwinkulungwane edluleyo. Izitofu zokugonya ezisetyenziswayo ngoku zomgada zifuna inaliti ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 emagxeni iintsuku eziliqela ezishiyanayo, kunye nesitofu esinokuzikhethela kwindawo ekulume kuyo.
Ukongeza, ugqirha (ingcali yesifo esosulelayo okanye i-rabiologist) inokugqiba malunga nokungafanelekanga kokugonywa, ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokulunywa kunye nemeko ye-epidemiological yendawo (ivavanywa ukuba yayiyisilwanyana esinjani, nokuba sasekhaya okanye sasendle; apho kwaye kwenzeka njani, nokuba irekhodiwe kwiindawo zomgada njalo njalo).
Intsomi inombolo 5: Isitofu sokugonya umgada sineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi kwaye ungade ufe ngenxa yalo.
Olu hlobo lwesitofu sogonyo luneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga - esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba kutheni abantu basoloko begonyelwa umgada hayi ngokuthintela, kodwa kuphela ukuba kukho umngcipheko wosulelo. Ezi “ziphumo bezingalindelekanga” azimnandanga, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi azihlali xesha lide, kwaye ukuzinyamezela akuloxabiso likhulu ongalihlawula ukuze uhlale uphila. Awunakufa ngokwako ngogonyo, kodwa ukuba awulufumani emva kokuba ulunywe sisilwanyana esikrokrelekayo okanye utsibe ugonyo oluphindaphindiweyo, ungabulawa ngumgada.
Intsomi inombolo 6: Ukuba uthe wabamba okanye wabulala isilwanyana esikulumileyo akufuneki usigonywe kuba oogqirha bazakwenza uvavanyo bafumanise ukuba besinomgada na.
Oku kuyinyaniso ngesiqingatha. Ukuba isilwanyana sibanjiwe kwaye singabonakalisi zimpawu zomgada, sinokuhlaliswa sodwa, kodwa oku akuzukukusindisa ekugonyweni. Oogqirha banokwenza isigqibo sokuyiyeka kuphela ukuba isilwanyana asiguli okanye sife phakathi kweentsuku ezili-10 - kodwa apha unokujongana ne-bummer efana ne-rabies ye-atypical. Kuxa isilwanyana esigulayo siphila kakhulu ixesha elide kunezo iintsuku ezili-10 ezifanayo - kwaye lonke eli xesha lingumthuthi wentsholongwane, ngaphandle kokubonisa iimpawu zangaphandle zesifo. Akukho zimvo zifunekayo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokweenkcukacha-manani, umgada ongaqhelekanga unqabile kakhulu - kodwa kusengcono ukugqiba ikhosi yokugonya kunokuba uphelele kwezo nkcukacha-manani kwaye ubonise kamva kwihlabathi elizayo ukuba kwenzeke into embi.
Kwimeko apho isilwanyana sibulawa kwindawo okanye sibanjwe kwaye sihlanjululwe, uhlalutyo olunjalo lunokwenzeka ngokufunda amacandelo obuchopho, kodwa kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani (kwaye nokuba kuya kwenziwa) kuxhomekeke kakhulu apho yonke into yenzeka khona. nalapho ubhenele khona ufuna uncedo . Kwiimeko ezininzi, kukhuselekile ukuqalisa ikhosi yokugonya ngoko nangoko kwaye uyeke ukuba umgada awuqinisekiswanga luvavanyo lwaselabhoratri.
Ukuba isilwanyana esikulumayo siphunyukile, oku kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukugonywa, kwaye ngugqirha kuphela omele ahlole iqondo lomngcipheko apha. Ewe, ukugqiba ikhosi yogonyo kunokujika kube yi-inshurensi-awunayo indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba isilwanyana esosulelwe ngumgada. Kodwa ukuba ugonyo alukwenziwanga, kwaye isilwanyana sasisengumthwali wentsholongwane, ngoko uqinisekisiwe ukufa okubuhlungu kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.
Intsomi inombolo 7: Ukuba ulunywe sisilwanyana esinesitofu sokugonya umgada, ugonyo aluyomfuneko.
Oku kuyinyaniso, kodwa akukho rhoqo. Ukugonywa kufuneka, okokuqala, kubhalwe phantsi (kurekhodwe kwisatifikethi sokugonya), kwaye okwesibini, akufanele kuphelelwe lixesha okanye kunikwe ngaphantsi kwenyanga ngaphambi kwesiganeko. Ukongezelela, nokuba yonke into ilungile ngokwamaxwebhu, kodwa isilwanyana siziphatha ngendlela engafanelekanga, kufuneka udibane nodokotela kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zakhe.
Intsomi inombolo 8: Unokosulelwa ngumgada ngokubamba isilwanyana esigulayo, okanye ukuba siyakukrwempa okanye sikukhothe.
Oku akuyonyani ngokupheleleyo. Intsholongwane yomgada ayikwazi ukubakho kwindawo engaphandle, ngoko ke ayinakuba sesikhumbeni/eboya besilwanyana okanye kwiziphopho (umzekelo, zekati). Ivakala ilungile kumathe, kodwa ayikwazi ukungena ngolusu olungagungqiyo. Kwimeko yokugqibela, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uhlambe ngokukhawuleza ngesepha kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane kwindawo epholileyo yesikhumba, emva koko kufuneka udibane nogqirha kwaye umvumele ukuba athathe isigqibo malunga nesidingo sokuthatha inyathelo elingaphezulu.
Intsomi inombolo 9: Ngexesha kunye nasemva kokugonywa kwe-rabies, akufanele usele utywala, kungenjalo kuya kunciphisa umphumo wesitofu sokugonya.
Akukho siseko senzululwazi samabango okuba utywala buvimba ukuveliswa kwezilwa-buhlungu ngexesha lokugonywa komgada. Eli bali lothusayo lixhaphake ngokukodwa kumazwe awayesakuba yi-USSR. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha abangaphandle kwenkampu yangaphambili yobusoshiyali abazange beve ngezithintelo ezinjalo, kwaye imiyalelo yezitofu zokugonya umgada ayiqulathanga nakuphi na ukuchasana okunxulumene notywala.
Eli bali lothusayo libuyela kwinkulungwane edlulileyo, xa izitofu zokugonya zesizukulwana sangaphambili zisetyenzisiwe, eziye zajovwa ngokwenene kwisisu kangangeentsuku ezingama-30-40 zilandelelana. Ukuphoswa kwesitofu esilandelayo, ngoku kwaye ngoku, imingcipheko yokuchasa umphumo wokugonywa, kwaye ukunxila sesinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokungabonakali kugqirha.
Intsomi inombolo 10: Umgada uyanyangeka. AmaMelika anyanga intombazana egulayo esebenzisa iMilwaukee Protocol emva kokuvela kweempawu zesi sifo.
Oku kuyaxabanisa kakhulu. Enyanisweni, indlela enjalo enzima kakhulu kwaye ibiza kakhulu (malunga ne-800000 yeedola) indlela yokunyanga i-rabies kwinqanaba lokubonakaliswa kweempawu, kodwa kuphela iimeko ezimbalwa zokusetyenziswa kwayo ngempumelelo ziye zaqinisekiswa kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngaphezu koko, isayensi ayinakucacisa ukuba zahluke njani ngokuthe ngqo kwiimeko ezininzi apho unyango oluphantsi kwale protocol lungakhange luzise iziphumo. Ngoko ke, akufanele uthembele kwiMilwaukee Protocol - amathuba okuphumelela apho ajikeleza malunga ne-5%. Ekuphela kwendlela evunyiweyo ngokusemthethweni nesebenzayo yokuthintela umgada xa usengozini yosulelo lugonyo olufika ngexesha.
Ukuqukumbela, ndiza kukuxelela ibali elifundisayo. Ndihlala eJamani, kwaye apha, njengakwamanye amazwe angabamelwane, irabi "yendawo" kwizilwanyana (kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, iimeko zokusuleleka kwabantu) sele ziphelisiwe ngenxa yemigudu karhulumente kunye nemibutho yezempilo. Kodwa "ezingenisiweyo" ngamanye amaxesha ziyavuza. Icala lokugqibela lalimalunga neminyaka eyi-8 edlulileyo: indoda yangeniswa esibhedlele ngezikhalazo zomkhuhlane ophezulu, i-spasms xa igwinya kunye neengxaki zokulungelelanisa ukunyakaza. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuthatha imbali, wachaza ukuba iinyanga ze-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesi sifo wabuya kuhambo oluya e-Afrika. Ngoko nangoko wavavanyelwa umgada kwaye iziphumo zaba ngu-HIV. Isigulane kamva sakwazi ukuxelela ukuba ulunywe yinja ngexesha lohambo, kodwa akazange afake ukubaluleka koku kwaye akazange aye ndawo. Kungekudala le ndoda yafela kwiwadi ekwanti. Kwaye zonke iinkonzo ze-epidemiological zendawo, ukuya kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo, sele sele ezindlebeni zabo ngelo xesha - kunjalo, imeko yokuqala ye-rabies kweli lizwe kuba uThixo uyazi ukuba mingaphi iminyaka ... Benza umsebenzi we-titanic, ngaphakathi Iintsuku ezi-3 zokufumana kunye nokugonya wonke umntu othe wadibana naye umfi emva kokubuya kolo hambo lubi.
Ungakuhoyi ukulunywa zizilwanyana, kwanezilwanyana zasekhaya, ukuba azigonywanga - ngakumbi kumazwe apho umgada uxhaphakile. Ngugqirha kuphela onokwenza isigqibo esinolwazi malunga nesidingo sokugonywa kwimeko nganye ethile. Ngokuvumela oku kwenzeke, ubeka ubomi bakho kunye nobomi babathandekayo bakho emngciphekweni.
umthombo: www.habr.com