Ngamafutshane, ndingacebisa ukufunda iincwadi ezininzi ezingahambelani nesayensi yekhompyuter.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba igama elithi "inzululwazi" lihlala phi "kwiNzululwazi yeKhompyutha", kwaye "ubunjineli" buthetha ukuthini "kwiSoftware Engineering".
Ingcamango yanamhlanje "yenzululwazi" inokuqulunqwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: lumzamo wokuguqulela iziganeko zibe yimizekelo enokuthi icaciswe ngokulula kwaye iqikelelwe. Kulo mxholo unokufunda "iSayensi yezoBugcisa" (enye yeencwadi ezibalulekileyo zikaHerbert Simon). Unokuyijonga ngolu hlobo: ukuba abantu (ingakumbi abaphuhlisi) bakha iibhuloho, ngoko izazinzulu zinokuchaza ezi ziganeko ngokudala iimodeli. Into enika umdla malunga noku kukuba isayensi iya phantse rhoqo ukufumana iindlela ezintsha nezingcono zokwakha iibhulorho, ngoko ubuhlobo phakathi kwezazinzulu kunye nabaphuhlisi bunokuphucula unyaka nonyaka.
Umzekelo woku ovela kwi-sphere Ubunzululwazi bekhompyutha nguJohn McCarthy ecinga malunga neekhompyuter ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-50, oko kukuthi, uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezinto abanokuthi bazenze (AI mhlawumbi?), kunye nokudalwa komzekelo wekhompuyutha olululwimi, kwaye inokusebenza njengolwimi lwayo. Imilebe). Incwadi yam endiyithandayo kwesi sihloko yi-Lisp 1.5 Manual evela kwiMIT Press (nguMcCarthy et al.). Inxalenye yokuqala yale ncwadi ihlala iklasikhi malunga nendlela yokucinga ngokubanzi kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi ngokukodwa.
(Incwadi ethi "Smalltalk: ulwimi kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo" yapapashwa kamva, ababhali bayo (u-Adele Goldberg noDave Robson) baphefumlelwe kuko konke oku. Ikwanenkcazo epheleleyo yendlela yokusebenza yeprojekthi, ebhalwe kwi Ulwimi oluncinci ngokwalo, njl. njl.).
Ndiyathanda kakhulu incwadi ethi "Ubugcisa beProtocol yeMetaobject" nguKickzales, uBobrow noRivera, eyapapashwa nasemva kwexesha elidlulileyo. Yenye yezo ncwadi inokubizwa ngokuba “yinzululwazi yekhompyutha enzulu.” Inxalenye yokuqala ilungile ngokukodwa.
Omnye umsebenzi wenzululwazi ukususela ngowe-1970 onokugqalwa njengobalulekileyo Ubunzululwazi bekhompyutha - "Ulwimi lweNkcazo yoLawulo" nguDave Fisher (iYunivesithi yaseCarnegie Mellon).
Incwadi yam endiyithandayo kwi-computing inokubonakala ikude kwintsimi ye-IT, kodwa ilungile kwaye iyonwabile ukuyifunda: I-Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines nguMarvia Minsky (circa 1967). Yincwadi nje emangalisayo.
Ukuba ufuna uncedo nge "science", ndidla ngokucebisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeencwadi: Newton's Principia (incwadi esisiseko yesayensi kunye noxwebhu lokusekwa), uBruce Alberts' I-Molecular Biology of the Cell, njl. Okanye, umzekelo, incwadi kunye noMaxwell's amanqaku, njl.
Kufuneka uqaphele ukuba "iNzululwazi yeKhompyutha" isengumnqweno wokuphumelela, kungekhona into ephunyeziweyo.
"Ubunjineli" buthetha "ukuyila kunye nokwakha izinto ngemigaqo, ngendlela eyingcali." Inqanaba elifunekayo lobu buchule liphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkalo: i-civil, i-mechanical, umbane, i-biological, njl.
Lo mba kufuneka ufundwe ngononophelo ukuze uqonde ngcono ukuba kuthetha ukuthini kanye kanye ukubandakanyeka “kubunjineli.”
Ukuba ufuna uncedo "ngobunjineli", zama ukufunda malunga nokudala , , kwaye nangokunjalo. Ndiyayithanda incwadi ethi Ngoku Inokuxelelwa, ebhalwe nguMajjala Jikelele uLeslie Groves (ilungu elibekekileyo leProjekthi yaseManhattan). Uyinjineli, kwaye eli bali alikho malunga neprojekthi ye-POV yaseLos Alamos (naye wayeyikhokela), kodwa malunga ne-Oak Ridge, i-Hanford, njl., kunye nokubandakanyeka okumangalisayo kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-600 kunye nemali eninzi yokwenza uyilo oluyimfuneko ukwenza izinto eziyimfuneko.
Kwakhona, cinga malunga nokuba yeyiphi intsimi ekungekho nxalenye "yobunjineli besoftware" kuyo - kwakhona, kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba "ubunjineli besoftware" kuyo nayiphi na "indlela yobunjineli" eyona nto ihlala ingumnqweno wokufezekisa, hayi impumelelo.
Iikhompyuter zikwaluhlobo "lwemidiya" kunye "nabalamli", ngoko ke kufuneka siqonde into abasenzela yona kunye nendlela abasiphembelela ngayo. Funda uMarshall McLuhan, uNeil Postman, u-Innis, uHavelock, njl. UMark Miller (phawula apha ngezantsi) undikhumbuze nje ukuba ndicebise incwadi ethi Technics and Human Development, Umqu. 1 ukusuka kuthotho oluthi "Intsomi yoMshini" nguLewis Mumford, umanduleli omkhulu wazo zombini iimbono zemidiya kunye nenkalo ebalulekileyo ye-anthropology.
Kunzima kum ukucebisa incwadi elungileyo nge-anthropology (mhlawumbi omnye umntu uya kwenza), kodwa ukuqonda abantu njengabantu abaphilayo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimfundo kwaye kufuneka ifundwe ngokucokisekileyo. Kwelinye lamazwana angezantsi, uMat Gabourey ucebise i-Human Universals (ndicinga ukuba uthetha incwadi kaDonald Brown). Le ncwadi ngokuqinisekileyo ifuna ukufundwa kwaye iqondwe - ayikho kwishelufu enye neencwadi ezithe ngqo njengeMolecular Biology of the Cell.
Ndiyazithanda iincwadi zoLwazi lwe-Envisioning ka-Edward Tufte: zifunde zonke.
Iincwadi zikaBertrand Russell ziseluncedo kakhulu, ukuba kuphela ukucinga nzulu malunga "le nto kwaye" (Imbali yefilosofi yaseNtshona isamangalisa).
Iimbono ezininzi zendlela yodwa yokulwa nomnqweno womntu wokukholelwa nokudala iinkolo, yingakho incwadi yam yembali endiyithandayo yi-Destiny ephazanyiswe nguTamim Ansari. Wakhulela e-Afghanistan, wafudukela e-United States eneminyaka eyi-16, kwaye uyakwazi ukubhala imbali ecacileyo, ekhanyisayo yehlabathi ukususela kwixesha likaMuhammad ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga eli hlabathi kwaye ngaphandle kweefowuni ezingadingekile zokukholelwa.
* I-POV (i-propagation of variance) - ukusasazwa kokuchasana kubungqina (malunga.)
Uguqulelo lwenziwa ngenkxaso yenkampani ngubani oyingcali , kwaye .
umthombo: www.habr.com