U-Alan Kay, umdali we-OOP, malunga nophuhliso, uLisp kunye ne-OOP

Ukuba awuzange uve ngo-Alan Kay, ubuncinci beva iingcaphuno zakhe ezidumileyo. Umzekelo, esi sicatshulwa sisuka kwi-1971:

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqikelela ikamva kukuyila.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqikelela ikamva kukuyila.

UAlan unomsebenzi onemibala kakhulu kwisayensi yekhompyuter. Wafumana Ibhaso laseKyoto и Imbasa yeTuring kumsebenzi wakhe kwi-paradigm yeprogram ejoliswe kwinto. Wayengomnye woovulindlela kwicandelo leekhompyuter zobuqu kunye nonxibelelwano lwegraphical, waphuhlisa Ukuthetha kancinci lolunye lwezona lwimi zinefuthe kwiprogramu ekhoyo kulo lonke ixesha.

Kwethu Hexlete, ngakumbi kwi sincokola, umbuzo othi "yintoni i-OOP" kwaye "uAlan Kay wayethetha ukuthini ngokwenene" uhlala ephakanyiswa. Esi sithuba siqulethe izicatshulwa ezinomdla ezivela ku-Alan malunga nemeko yophuhliso lwangoku, i-OOP kunye nolwimi lweLisp.

Malunga nophuhliso lwesoftware

U-Alan Kay ukholelwa ukuba uguqulo lwekhompyuter luseza.IRevolution yeKhompyutha yokwenyani ayikenzeki okwangoku), kunye nophuhliso lwesoftware luphuhla ngokungafaniyo noMthetho kaMoore: ihardware iyaphucuka minyaka le, kodwa isoftwe idumba ngokungeyomfuneko:

Ingxaki ibuthathaka, iimbono kunye nezixhobo ezingenakulinganiswa, ubuvila, ukungabikho kolwazi, njl.

Uyichaza kakuhle le meko isiqhulo esifutshane:

Yintoni u-Andy ayinikayo, uBill uyayithatha
UAndy wanika, uBill wathatha

UAndy Grove, i-CEO ye-Intel, kunye noBill Gates, emva koko i-CEO yakwaMicrosoft.

Ukuphucula imeko yangoku yophuhliso kwakuyinjongo yeprojekthi yophando Amanyathelo okuVuselelwa kweNkqubo (pdf). Injongo kukuphumeza "uMthetho kaMoore" ekuchazeni "ngokunciphisa inani lekhowudi efunekayo nge-100, 1000, 10000 amaxesha okanye ngaphezulu."

Kwingxelo yakhe evula amehlo Ukucwangcisa nokuKhalisela (ividiyo) Lo mxholo uxoxwa ngokubanzi. Ngokuka-Alan, ubunjineli besoftware bumile kwaye buba yisayensi elityelweyo engakwaziyo ukuhambelana nehardware kunye nezinye isayensi kunye nezifundo zobunjineli. Iiprojekthi ezinkulu ziye zaba yindawo yokulahla ikhowudi kwaye zifikelele kwinqanaba apho akukho mntu ayikwazi ukuqonda imigca ye-100 yezigidi ze-MS Vista okanye ikhowudi ye-MS Word. Kodwa eneneni, kufuneka kubekho umyalelo wobungakanani bekhowudi encinci kwiiprojekthi ezinjalo.

U-Alan ucinga nge-Intanethi, i-TCP/IP protocol, iitoliki ze-LISP, UmNayile (iMath DSL yeVector Graphics) kunye ne-OMeta (OO PEG) (PDF) imizekelo yesoftware entle enekhowudi encinci.

Ubiza i-Intanethi (i-TCP / IP) enye yeeprojekthi ezimbalwa ezinkulu zesoftware eyenzelwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye inqanaba layo lobunzima lihambelana nenqanaba lobunzima (i-complication vs. Ngaphantsi kwemigca yekhowudi ye-20, le projekthi isebenza njengenkqubo ephilayo, eguqukayo ekwazi ukuxhasa iibhiliyoni zeendawo zokuhlala, kwaye ayizange ihambe ngaphandle kwe-intanethi ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo ngoSeptemba 1969. Siyekile ukuthathela ingqalelo i-Intanethi njengeprojekthi eqhelekileyo yesoftware eyenziwe ngabantu:

I-Intanethi iphuhliswe kakuhle kangangokuba abantu abaninzi bayiphatha njengobutyebi bendalo, njengoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, kunokuba ibe yimveliso yomsebenzi wabantu. Sagqibela nini ukubona ubuchwephesha obuzinzile, obucacileyo, nobungenazimpazamo? Ngokuthelekisa, iWebhu ibubudenge. Iwebhu yenziwe ngabafundayo.

Malunga nenkqubo ejolise kwinto

Into yokuqala eyayinomdla kum yeyakhe yoqobo OOP umbono. Amava akhe kwi-microbiology adlale indima ebalulekileyo:

Ndacinga ukuba izinto zifana neeseli zebhayoloji, kunye/okanye ikhompyutha nganye ekwinethiwekhi enokunxibelelana kuphela ngemiyalezo.

kunye namava kwimathematika:

Amava am kwizibalo andenza ndaqonda ukuba into nganye inokuba neealjebra eziliqela, zinokudityaniswa zibe ziintsapho, yaye oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Imibono yokubophelela kade kunye neempawu ezinamandla ze-LISPa:

Isigaba sesibini sikuqonda i-LISPa kunye nokusebenzisa oko kuqonda ukwenza lula, ezincinci, izakhiwo ezinamandla kunye nokubopha kamva.

Kwaye kungekudala uAlan waqalisa ukuxhasa ingcamango yokuba iilwimi eziguqukayo ikamva lophuhliso lwesoftware (pdf). Ngokukodwa, kulula ukutshintsha kubalulekile kuye:

Ukubophelela kade kuvumela iimbono ezeza kamva kwinkqubo yophuhliso ukuba zibandakanywe kwiprojekthi ngomzamo omncinci (xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezibotshwe ngaphambili ezifana neC, C++, Java, njl.

Kwaye ukubakho kotshintsho kwimpukane kunye nokuphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza:

Enye yeengcamango eziphambili kukuba inkqubo kufuneka iqhubeke isebenza ngexesha lovavanyo, ngakumbi ngelixa utshintsho lwenziwa. Kwanotshintsho olukhulu kufuneka lube kancinci kwaye lungathathi ngaphezulu kwesekondi esahlulwe.

engekhoyo kuyo iilwimi ezichwetheziweyo:

Ukuba usebenzisa iilwimi ezibophelelayo zakwangoko, njengoko abantu abaninzi besenza, ngoko uzivalela koko sele ukubhalile. Akusayi kuphinda kube lula ukuyilungisa kwakhona.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, iingcinga zakhe malunga ne-OOP zazilinganiselwe koku:

I-OOP kum yimiyalezo, ukubamba kunye nokukhusela kwendawo, ukufihla urhulumente kunye nokubopha emva kwexesha kuyo yonke into. Oku kunokwenziwa kwi-Smalltalk nakwi-LISP.

Kwaye akukho nto malunga nelifa. Le asiyo-OOP esiyaziyo namhlanje:

Akwaba bendikhe ndasebenzisa igama elithi "into" kwesi sihloko kwakudala kuba ibangela ukuba abantu abaninzi bagxile kwezona zimvo zincinci.

Umbono omkhulu wokuba iilwimi zangoku ezichwetheziweyo ze-OO zinqongophele:

Umbono omkhulu "yimiyalezo"

Ukholelwa ekugxininiseni kwimiyalezo, ukudityaniswa okuxekethileyo, kunye nonxibelelwano lweemodyuli endaweni yangaphakathi kwento:

Isitshixo ekudaleni iinkqubo ezilungileyo ezinokunyuka kukusebenza iindlela zokunxibelelana phakathi kweemodyuli, kwaye zingasebenzi iipropathi zazo zangaphakathi kunye nokuziphatha.

Iilwimi ezichwetheziweyo zibonakala kuye isiphene:

Andichasene neentlobo, kodwa andazi naluphi na uhlobo lwenkqubo engabangeli ntlungu. Ngoko ke ndisakuthanda ukuchwetheza okuguquguqukayo.

Ezinye iilwimi ezidumileyo namhlanje zisebenzisa i-Smalltalk yokudlulisa izimvo, ukubopha kade, kunye Akaqondi: phambiliInvocation в Injongo-C, indlela_elahlekile в ilitye elinqabileyo elibomvu и noSuchMethod kuGoogle Imijukujelwa.

Tshabalalisa yonke into kwaye udale into engcono

U-Alan unethiyori enomdla malunga nophuhliso lwesayensi yekhompyuter:

Kubonakala kum ukuba kukho uhlobo olunye lwesayensi yekhompyuter, kwaye isayensi ifana nokwakha iibhuloho. Umntu wakha iibhulorho, kwaye umntu uyawatshabalalisa kwaye enze iithiyori ezintsha. Kwaye kufuneka siqhubeke sisakha iibhulorho.

Malunga LISP

U-Alan Kay uyamkholelwa uLisp

lulwimi lwenkqubo olugqwesileyo ngalo lonke ixesha

Kwaye wonke umntu ophumelele isayensi yekhompyuter kufuneka ayifunde:

Uninzi lwabantu abalandela izidanga kwi-CS abaqondi ukubaluleka kweLisp. ILisp yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwisayensi yekhompyuter.

Malunga nomoya ofanelekileyo kunye nomxholo

Uhlala ekhumbula umoya okhethekileyo kuwo IXerox PARC и Uhadi, apho “umbono ubaluleke ngakumbi kunosukelo” kunye “nokuxhasa abantu ngemali, kungekhona iiprojekthi.”

Indawo yokujonga ixabisa amanqaku angama-80 e-IQ.

Alan Kay uthi:

Ibali le-ARPA/PARC libonisa indlela indibaniselwano yombono, inkxaso-mali encinci, umxholo ochanekileyo kunye nenkqubo inokuzala ngomlingo ubugcisa obutsha obungaphembeleli impucuko kuphela kodwa budale ixabiso elikhulu kuluntu.

Kwaye yinyani. Jonga kuluhlu olunomtsalane lwePARC lwezinto eziqanjiweyo, uninzi lwazo lwadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwehlabathi lethu. Umzekelo:

• Iiprinta zeLaser
• Inkqubo eJoliswe kwiNjongo / Smalltalk
• Iikhompyuter zobuqu
• I-Ethernet / i-computing esasazwayo
• I-GUI / imouse yekhompyuter / WYSIWYG

Ngaphakathi Uhadi yenziwe I-ARPANET, eyaba ngunozala we-Intanethi.

PS U-Alan Kay uphendula imibuzo evela kuluntu lweHacker News.

umthombo: www.habr.com