Ukupholisa umoya kumaziko edatha, iinkqubo ezibekwe embindini wezowuni ezininzi ezinoomatshini bokupholisa amanzi (i-chillers) zihlala zifakelwe. Zisebenza kakuhle ngakumbi kune-air conditioners ze-freon, kuba i-coolant ejikelezayo phakathi kweeyunithi zangaphandle nangaphakathi ayihambi kwi-gaseous state, kwaye iyunithi ye-compressor-condenser ye-chiller iqala ukusebenza kuphela xa ubushushu buphakama ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Omnye weyona mibuzo ibalulekileyo xa uyila isixokelelwano sokupholisa kukuba: sesiphi isisipholisi esilungileyo sokusisebenzisa? Oku kunokuba ngamanzi okanye isisombululo samanzi se-polyhydric alcohols - ipropylene glycol okanye i-ethylene glycol. Makhe sizame ukuqonda iingenelo kunye nokungonakali kokhetho ngalunye.
I-physics kunye nekhemistri
Ukusuka kwimbono yeempawu ezibonakalayo (umthamo wobushushu, ubuninzi, i-kinematic viscosity), amanzi athathwa njengeyona nto ipholileyo. Ukongeza, inokugalelwa ngokukhuselekileyo emhlabeni okanye kwi-sewer. Ngelishwa, kwizibanzi zethu, amanzi asetyenziswa ngaphakathi kuphela, kuba kubanda ku-0 Β°C. Kwangaxeshanye, ubuninzi besipholisi buyancipha, kwaye umthamo owuthathayo uyanda. Inkqubo ayilingani kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuyihlawula ngokusebenzisa itanki yokwandisa. Iindawo zokukhenkceza zodwa, uxinzelelo lwe-static kwiindonga zombhobho luyanda, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwenzeka ukuphuka. Izisombululo zamanzi ze-polyhydric alcohols azinazo ezi zinto zingalunganga. Ziba ngumkhenkce kumaqondo aphantsi kakhulu, ngaphandle kokwenza i-foci yendawo. Ubuninzi babo ngexesha le-crystallization liyancipha kakhulu kunokuba ngexesha lokuguqulwa kwamanzi abe ngumkhenkce, oku kuthetha ukuba umthamo awunyuki kakhulu - kunye nezisombululo ezikhenkcezisiweyo ze-glycols aziyi kutshabalalisa imibhobho.
Amaxesha amaninzi, abathengi bakhetha ipropylene glycol kuba ayinayo ityhefu. Ngapha koko, sisongezo sokutya esivunyiweyo i-E1520, esisetyenziswa kwiimpahla ezibhakiweyo kunye nokunye ukutya njengearhente yokugcina ukufuma. Isetyenziswa kwizinto zokuthambisa nezinye izinto ezininzi. Ukuba inkqubo izaliswe ngesisombululo samanzi sepropylene glycol, akukho manyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo; umthengi uya kufuna kuphela i-reservoir eyongezelelweyo ukuhlawulela ukuvuza. Kunzima ngakumbi ukusebenza nge-ethylene glycol - le nto ihlelwa njengetyhefu ephakathi (inqanaba lesithathu lengozi). Ukugxininiswa kwayo okuphezulu okuvumelekileyo emoyeni ngu-5 mg / m3, kodwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphantsi kwamaqondo okushisa aqhelekileyo, imiphunga yolu tywala lwe-polyhydric ingabangela kuphela ubuthi xa uphefumla ixesha elide.
Imeko embi kakhulu inamanzi amdaka: amanzi kunye nepropylene glycol ayifuni ukulahlwa, kodwa ukuxinwa kwe-ethylene glycol kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kawonkewonke akufanele kudlule i-1 mg / l. Ngenxa yoku, abanini beziko ledatha kuya kufuneka babandakanye kuqikelelo lweenkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi amdaka, izikhongozeli ezigqunyiweyo kunye/okanye isixokelelwano sokungxengxeza isisipholisi esikhutshiweyo ngamanzi: awunakusuka nje usigungxule kumsele. Umthamo wamanzi wokuxutywa ngamakhulu amaxesha amakhulu kunomthamo wesipholisi, kwaye ukuwachitheka phantsi okanye emgangathweni akunqweneleki kakhulu - utywala obuyityhefu obuyipolyhydric kufuneka buhlanjwe ngobuninzi bamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethylene glycol kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje zomoya womoya kumaziko edatha kukwakhuselekile ukuba onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko athathiweyo.
U qoqosho
Amanzi anokuthiwa asimahla xa ethelekiswa neendleko zokupholisa ezisekwe kwi-alcohols yepolyhydric. Isisombululo esinamanzi sepropylene glycol kwinkqubo yekhoyili ye-chiller-fan sibiza kakhulu - sixabisa malunga nama-ruble angama-80 ilitha nganye. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo imfuneko yokutshintsha ngamaxesha athile indawo yokupholisa, oku kuya kubangela izixa ezincomekayo. Ixabiso lesisombululo esinamanzi se-ethylene glycol siphantse sibe sisiqingatha, kodwa kuya kufuneka kwakhona kufakwe kuqikelelo lweendleko zokulahla, nangona kunjalo, nazo zincinci. Kukho ama-nuances anxulumene ne-viscosity kunye nomthamo wokushisa: i-propylene glycol-based coolant idinga uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluveliswa yimpompo yokujikeleza. Ngokubanzi, iindleko zokusebenzisa inkqubo ene-ethylene glycol iphantsi kakhulu, ngoko olu khetho luhlala lukhethwa, nangona kukho ubuthi obuthile bokupholisa. Enye inketho yokunciphisa iindleko kukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ye-double-circuit kunye ne-heat exchanger, xa amanzi aqhelekileyo ejikeleza kumagumbi angaphakathi kunye nokushisa okulungileyo, kunye nesisombululo se-glycol esingakhekiyo sidlulisela ukushisa ngaphandle. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwesixokelelwano esinje kusezantsi noko, kodwa imithamo yokupholisa ebiza imali eninzi iyancipha kakhulu.
Iziphumo
Enyanisweni, zonke iinketho ezidweliswe kwiinkqubo zokupholisa (ngaphandle kwamanzi ahlambulukileyo, angenakwenzeka kwi-latitudes yethu) zinelungelo lokuba khona. Ukhetho luxhomekeke kwiindleko ezipheleleyo zobunini, ekufuneka zibalwe kwimeko nganye ethile esele ikwinqanaba lokuyila. Inye kuphela into ongaze uyenze kukutshintsha ingqikelelo xa iprojekthi sele ilungile. Ngaphezu koko, akunakwenzeka ukutshintsha into epholileyo xa ukufakwa kweenkqubo zobunjineli beziko ledatha elizayo sele kuqhutywa. Ukuphosa kunye nokuthuthumbisa kuya kubangela iindleko ezinzulu, ngoko kufuneka wenze isigqibo malunga nokhetho kube kanye.
umthombo: www.habr.com