«"Lukhuphiswano lwee-bachelors kunye neenkosi zobuntu kunye neengcali zobugcisa. Iququzelelwe ziinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT zaseRussia kunye neeyunivesithi ezinamandla zelizwe, kubandakanya neYunivesithi ye-ITMO. Namhlanje sithetha ngeenjongo ze-Olympiad kunye neendawo ezimbini ezonganyelwa yiyunivesithi yethu - "iDatha enkulu" kunye "neRobhothi" (malunga nezinye - kwii-habratopics zethu ezilandelayo).
Ifoto: /unsplash.com
Amagama ambalwa malunga neeOlimpiki
Injongo. Vavanya ulwazi lwabafundi kwaye ubazise kwiimfuno zabaqeshi. Abafundi baphuhla kwicandelo labo lesayensi elikhethiweyo, basebenza kwiinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. Umqeshi ukwaxhamla - akuyomfuneko ukuba aphinde abhalise iingcali eziqeqeshiweyo aze abulise abasebenzi abasandul' ukuqeshwa ngebinzana elithi: “Yilibale yonke into oyifundisiwe eyunivesithi.”
Kutheni uthatha inxaxheba? Abaphumeleleyo ngena kwiiyunivesithi zaseRashiya ngaphandle kweemviwo. Unokufumana i-internship kwiYandex, Sberbank, IBS, Mail.ru kunye namanye amaqumrhu amakhulu. Kunyaka ophelileyo, izibonelelo ezivela kwiinkampani zaseRashiya ngaphezu kwamakhulu amane abathathi-nxaxheba abagqwesileyo. Kananjalo, abafundi abazibonakalisileyo baya kukwazi ukutyelela .
Ngubani othatha inxaxheba? Abafundi bazo zonke iingcali - zobugcisa, ubuntu kunye nesayensi yendalo. Ukongeza izidanga, abafundi isidanga, abahlali kunye nabafundi kwiiyunivesithi zangaphandle.
Ubume besiganeko. Ungabhalisa kude kube nge-18 kaNovemba. Inqanaba lokufaneleka kwi-intanethi liya kuqhubeka ukusuka nge-22 kaNovemba ukuya kwi-8 kaDisemba, kodwa ungalitsiba ukuba ugqibe ngempumelelo ubuncinci ezimbini. . Abaphumeleleyo kumjikelo wokuhluza baya kuqhubela phambili kukhuphiswano lwe-intramural kwiiyunivesithi eziphambili kwilizwe liphela, olucwangciselwe uJanuwari-Matshi. Iziphumo zeOlympiad ethi “I am a Professional” ziya kupapashwa ngoAprili .
Kulo nyaka i-Olympiad iquka iindawo ze-68. Iingcali zeYunivesithi ye-ITMO zongamela ezintlanu kuzo: "Iifotonics", "iNkcukacha kunye noKhuseleko lweCyber", "iNkqubo kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi", kunye "neDatha enkulu" kunye "neRobhothi". Siza kukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nezi zimbini zokugqibela.
Idatha enkulu
Lo mmandla ugubungela zonke iitekhnoloji zomjikelo wobomi beDatha enkulu, kubandakanywa ukuqokelela kwabo, ukugcinwa, ukusetyenzwa, umfuziselo kunye nokutolika. Abaphumeleleyo baya kuba nako ukungena kwinkqubo ye-master kwiYunivesithi ye-ITMO ngaphandle kweemviwo zeenkqubo: "I-Applied Mathematics kunye ne-Informatics", "iMpilo yeDijithali", "i-Big Data Financial Technologies" kunye .
Abathathi-nxaxheba baya kuba nethuba lokufumana i-internship kwiingcali zenzululwazi yedatha kunye nobunjineli bedatha kwiinkampani ezisebenzisanayo. Ezi ziZiko leSizwe loPhando lweNgcaciso, i-Mail.ru, i-Gazpromneft STC, i-Rosneft, i-Sberbank kunye ne-ER-Telecom.
“Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, icandelo leDatha enkulu liye lathandwa kakhulu. Itekhnoloji yokuqokelela idatha ephambili kunye nokugcinwa kuphuhliswa, iindlela ezintsha zedijithali ziyavela (kwintsimi ye-IoT kunye neenethiwekhi zentlalo) zokurekhoda iinkqubo ezingabonakaliyo ngaphambili, "ugqabaza u-Alexander Valerievich Bukhanovsky, umlawuli. IYunivesithi ye-ITMO. "Kwangaxeshanye, ingqalelo ayihlawulwa kuphela kwindlela yokulungelelanisa inkqubo yokugcina kunye nokusetyenziswa kwedatha, kodwa kunye nokuthethelela izigqibo kunye nezigqibo, kunye nokudala iimodeli eziqikelelwayo."
Iya kuba yintoni imisebenzi? Iqela liyabalungiselela IYunivesithi ye-ITMO. Bathathela ingqalelo into yokuba iNgcali yeDatha enkulu kufuneka ibe nolwazi olusisiseko kwithiyori enokwenzeka kunye nezibalo zemathematika, kunye nokufunda koomatshini. Yiba nokuqonda kwengqiqo kunye nendlela yokusebenza yeenkqubo zanamhlanje zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kwaye uthethe iR, Java, Scala, Python (okanye ezinye izixhobo zokusombulula iingxaki ezisebenzayo).
Ngezantsi sinika umzekelo wengxaki ukusuka kwelinye lamanqanaba e-Olympiad.
Umzekelo umsebenzi: Kukho iiseva ezingama-50 kwiqela, kunye ne-12 ekhoyo yeecores nganye. Izibonelelo phakathi kweemephu kunye nabanciphisi zisasazwa ngokutshintshatshintshayo (akukho kwahlulwa kungqongqo kwezibonelelo). Bhala ukuba mingaphi imizuzu iMaphu Nciphisa umsebenzi ofuna i-1000 yeemaphu iya kusebenza kwiqela elinjalo. Kule meko, ixesha lokusebenza kwimephu enye yimizuzu engama-20. Ukuba ushiya kuphela i-1 yokunciphisa umsebenzi, ngoko iya kuqhuba yonke idatha kwimizuzu eyi-1000. Impendulo yamkelwe ichanekile kwindawo enye.
A. 44.6
B. 43.2
C. 41.6
D. 50.0Impendulo echanekileyoC
Indlela yokulungiselela. Ungaqala ngezi zixhobo zilandelayo:
- . Inokuba luncedo kumsebenzi ozimeleyo kunye neekhowudi zomthombo wokusombulula iingxaki.
- . Umsebenzi osisiseko uxela ukuba kutheni imifuziselo enokwenzeka ifuna ulwakhiwo lwemathematika njenge σ-algebra.
- . Incwadi elula neluncedo echaza iziseko zezibalo ezinokwenzeka zeziganeko ezingalindelekanga.
Zininzi iincwadi ezifumanekayo ezimalunga namanani-nkcazo asetyenzisiweyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi. Ababhali babo bachaza ngokulula kodwa ngokufanelekileyo ingqiqo yokusombulula iingxaki kunye neengxaki zoqikelelo lwekhefu:
Izalathiso
Ulwazi lunokufumaneka nakwiikhosi ezinezihloko kwiwebhusayithi yeOlimpiki.
Iirobhothi
Iirobhothi zidibanisa amacandelo afana ne-algorithms, i-electronics kunye ne-mechanics. Olu lwalathiso lufanelekile ukukhetha abo sele befunda okanye balungiselela ukungena kwiiprogram ze-master kunye ne-postgraduate kubunjineli be-software, i-mechanics esetyenzisiweyo, i-mathematics esetyenzisiweyo kunye nesayensi yekhompyutha okanye ubunjineli be-elektroniki. Abafundi abaqinisekisiweyo banokubhalisa kwiinkqubo zasimahla "»,«"Kwaye""yeDyunivesithi yethu.
Iya kuba yintoni imisebenzi? Abafundi be-Master's kunye ne-bachelor's basombulula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, yonke imisebenzi ivavanya ulwazi oluntsonkothileyo lwethiyori yolawulo, ukusetyenzwa kolwazi kunye nemodeli yerobhothi. Ngokomzekelo, abathathi-nxaxheba baya kucelwa ukuba bajonge ukuzinza okanye ukulawulwa kwenkqubo, bakhethe isakhiwo, okanye babale i-coefficients yokulawula.
"Kuza kufuneka sisombulule ingxaki ye-kinematics ethe ngqo okanye echaseneyo yerobhothi ehambayo okanye ekhohlisayo, sisebenze kunye neJacobian yenkqubo kwaye sijonge ixesha lokulinganisa kumalungu phantsi komthwalo wangaphandle," utshilo uSergei Alekseevich Kolyubin, usekela mlawuli. kwi-ITMO. "Kuya kubakho imisebenzi yenkqubo - kufuneka ubhale inkqubo encinci yokumisela irobhothi okanye ukucwangcisa iitrakethi kwiPython okanye C ++."
Ekugqibeleni, abafundi kufuneka bacwangcise irobhothi ukwenza imisebenzi evela kwiinkampani zeqabane: Uloliwe waseRashiya, iDiakont, iKUKA, njl. okusingqongileyo. Indlela yokhuphiswano iyafana . Okokuqala, abafundi basebenza kwi-simulator, kwaye emva koko kwi-hardware yangempela.
Okulandelayo, siza kuthathela ingqalelo iindlela ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo kwimisebenzi ekwindawo yeRobhothi abanokuthi badibane nayo abafundi. Nantsi imizekelo yabafaki-zicelo kwiinkqubo zenkosi:
Umzekelo umsebenzi #1: Irobhothi ye-automotive kinematics ihamba ngesantya somgca v=0,3 m/s. Ivili lokuqhuba lijikwe kwi-engile w=0,2 rad. Ukuba iradiyasi yamavili erobhothi ilingana ne-r=0,02 m, kwaye ubude kunye nomkhondo werobhothi zilingana no-L=0,3 m kunye no-d=0,2 m, ngokulandelelanayo, ziya kuba yintoni ii-angular velocities zevili ngalinye elingasemva i-w1 kunye ne-w2, zichazwe nge-rad/s?
Faka impendulo yakho ngokohlobo lwamanani amabini ahlulwe sisithuba, ngokuchanekileyo ukuya kwindawo yesibini, uqwalasela uphawu.Umzekelo umsebenzi #2: Yintoni enokuthi ibe ngumqondiso we-astatism kwinkqubo evaliweyo ngokubhekiselele kwimpembelelo yereferensi, ukuba uhlalutyo lwenziwa ngokuhambelana nomzobo wesakhiwo senkqubo?
ubukho beekhonkco ze-aperiodic kwisiphaluka esivulekileyo;
ubukho beekhonkco ezifanelekileyo zokudibanisa kwi-loop evulekile;
ubukho be-oscillatory kunye ne-conservative links kwisiphaluka esivulekileyo.
Nazi iingxaki zabo bangena kwisikolo esiphumelele isidanga okanye indawo yokuhlala:
Umzekelo umsebenzi #1: Umzobo ubonisa i-robotic manipulator ene-kinematics engafunekiyo ene-7 joints rotational joints. Umzobo ubonisa inkqubo yolungelelaniso lwesiseko serobhothi {s} kunye ne-y-axis vector perpendicular kwiphepha lendiza, inkqubo yolungelelaniso {b} eqhagamshelwe kwi-flange kunye ne-collinear nge {s}. I-robot ibonakaliswe kwi-configuration apho i-angular coordinates zazo zonke ikhonkco zilingana no-0. Ii-axes ze-helical ze-kinematic pairs ezisixhenxe ziboniswa kumfanekiso (i-positive counterclockwise direction). I-axes ye-joints 2, i-4 kunye ne-6 idibene, i-axes ye-joints 1, i-3 5 kunye ne-7 ifana ne-axes yenkqubo yokulungelelanisa yokuqala yesiseko. Ubungakanani bekhonkco L1 = 0,34 m, L2 = 0,4 m, L3 = 0,4 m, kunye neL4 = 0,15 m.
Umzekelo umsebenzi #2: Ukusebenza okuzinzile ngakumbi kwe-algorithm yendawo kunye nemephu (SLAM) ye-algorithm yeerobhothi ezihambayo ezisekelwe kwiihluzo zamasuntswana, abaphuhlisi bagqiba ekubeni basebenzise i-algorithm yokuhlaziya isondo. Kwinqanaba elithile ekusebenzeni kwe-algorithm, isampuli ye-5 "amaqhekeza" anezisindo w (1) = 0,5, w (2) = 1,2, w (3) = 1,5, w (4) = 1,0 yahlala kwimemori. kunye ne-w(5) = 0,8. Ngowuphi na umqobo wexabiso lesampulu esebenzayo ngokuphinda-phindwa okunikiweyo kuyakusungulwa indlela yokulinganisa kwakhona. Bhala impendulo yakho ngokwefomathi yesishumi ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo enye.
Indlela yokulungiselela. Unokuvavanya ulwazi lwakho kunye nethemba usebenzisa uluhlu lokutshekisha. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwiiRobhothi eziphambili kufuneka:
- Yazi imigaqo yerobhothi yokulinganisa, iimpawu zezivamvo zangoku kunye neendlela zokufumana ulwazi lweemvakalelo.
- Yazi kwaye ukwazi ukusebenzisa kwiindlela zokuziqhelanisa kunye ne-algorithms yokucwangcisa umkhondo kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo, kunye nokucubungula ulwazi lweemvakalelo.
- Yiba nezakhono kwiprogram ehleliweyo kunye nejoliswe kwinto. Ukwazi ukusebenza kwiindawo zophuhliso kwiinkqubo zerobhothi.
- Yazi imigaqo, iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu zokusebenza zecandelo le-computing, iidrive kunye neenzwa zeerobhothi zanamhlanje. Yiba nezakhono zokucwangcisa kunye nokuseka imifuniselo.
Ukuze "uqinise" nayiphi na indawo, unokunikela ingqalelo . Ezinye iingxaki kwii-Olympiads zangaphambili zixoxiwe apho. Kukwakho noncwadi olukhethekileyo, umzekelo:
Iincwadi ezininzi
Kwaye nezifundo ze-intanethi kwi-Openedu, Coursera kunye ne-Edx
Ulwazi olongezelelweyo ngeOlympiad:
umthombo: www.habr.com