Molo, Habr.
Sele iyinkulungwane yama-21, kwaye kubonakala ngathi idatha inokudluliselwa kumgangatho weHD nakwiMars. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho izixhobo ezininzi ezinomdla ezisebenza kunomathotholo kwaye imiqondiso emininzi enomdla inokuviwa.
Ewe, akukho ngqiqweni ukuziqwalasela zonke; makhe sizame ukukhetha ezona zinomdla, ezo zinokufunyanwa kwaye zihlaziywe ngokuzimeleyo usebenzisa ikhompyuter. Ukufumana imiqondiso siya kusebenzisa umamkeli we-Intanethi waseDatshi , i-MultiPSK decoder kunye neprogram ye-Virtual Audio Cable.
Ukuze kube lula ukuqwalaselwa, siya kubonisa imiqondiso ngokunyuka kwamaza. Andizukuqwalasela izikhululo zosasazo, kuyadika kwaye kunqabile; nabani na unokumamela iRadio China nge-AM yedwa. Kwaye siya kuqhubela phambili kwiimpawu ezinomdla ngakumbi.
Iimpawu zexesha ezichanekileyo
Kwi-frequency ye-77.5 KHz (uluhlu olude lwamaza), iimpawu zexesha ezichanekileyo zihanjiswa ukusuka kwisikhululo saseJamani i-DCF77. Sele iphezu kwabo , ngoko sinokuphinda ngokufutshane ukuba le yisignali yokumodareyitha ye-amplitude elula kwisakhiwo - "1" kunye ne "0" zifakwe kwikhowudi yobude obuhlukeneyo, ngenxa yoko, ikhowudi ye-58-bit ifunyenwe ngomzuzu omnye.
I-130-140KHz - i-telemetry yothungelwano lombane
Kwezi zihlandlo, ngokutsho , imiqondiso yokulawula iigridi zamandla zaseJamani ziyahanjiswa.
Umqondiso unamandla kakhulu, kwaye ngokophononongo, ifunyenwe nase-Australia. Ungayikhupha kwi-MultiPSK ukuba useta iiparamitha njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso wekhusi.
Kwisiphumo siya kufumana iipakethi zedatha, ulwakhiwo lwazo, ngokuqinisekileyo, alwaziwa; abo banqwenelayo banokulinga kwaye benze uhlalutyo ngexesha labo lokuphumla. Ngokobuchwephesha, isignali ngokwayo ilula kakhulu, indlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-FSK (i-Frequency Shift Keying) kwaye iqulethwe ngokwenza ulandelelwano oluncinci ngokutshintsha i-frequency transmission. Umqondiso ofanayo, ngendlela ye-spectrum - iibhithi zinokubalwa ngesandla.
Imozulu teletype
Kwi-spectrum engentla, kufutshane kakhulu, kwi-frequency ye-147 kHz, enye isibonakaliso ibonakala. Esi sisikhululo (sesiJamani) seDWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst) esibonelela ngeengxelo zemozulu kwiinqanawa. Ukongeza kwesi sihlandlo, iimpawu zikwahanjiswa kwi-11039 kunye ne-14467 KHz.
Isiphumo sokuguqula ikhowudi siboniswe kwi-screenshot.
Umgaqo wokufakwa kweekhowudi kwi-teletype uyafana, FSK, umdla apha kubhalo lokubhaliweyo. Yi-5-bit, usebenzisa , kwaye uneminyaka ephantse ibe li-100 yembali.
Kubonakala ngathi ikhowudi efanayo yayisetyenziswe kwiiteyiphu zephepha eziphothiweyo, kodwa ii-teletypes zemozulu ziye zathunyelwa kwenye indawo ukususela kwi-60s, kwaye njengoko ubona, zisasebenza. Ewe, kwinqanawa yokwenyani umqondiso awunqunyulwanga usebenzisa ikhompyuter - kukho abamkeli abakhethekileyo abarekhoda isiginali kwaye bayibonise kwiscreen.
Ngokubanzi, nangona kukho ukufumaneka konxibelelwano lwesathelayithi kunye ne-Intanethi, ukuhambisa idatha ngale ndlela kuseyindlela elula, ethembekileyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Nangona, ngokuqinisekileyo, kunokucingelwa ukuba ngenye imini ezi nkqubo ziya kuba yimbali kwaye ziya kutshintshwa ngeenkonzo zedijithali ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko abo banqwenela ukufumana umqondiso onjalo abafanele bawulibazise kakhulu.
I-Meteofax
Olunye uphawu lwelifa oluphantse lube nembali ende efanayo. Kulo mqondiso, umfanekiso udluliselwa kwi ifom ye-analogue ngesantya semigca ye-120 ngomzuzu (kukho amanye amaxabiso, umzekelo 60 okanye 240 LPM), imodulation frequency isetyenziselwa ukubethelela ukukhanya - ukukhanya kwendawo nganye yomfanekiso kuhambelana notshintsho kwi-frequency. Isicwangciso esilula esinjalo senza ukuba kube lula ukuhambisa imifanekiso emva kwezo ntsuku xa abantu abambalwa bevile "ngemiqondiso yedijithali".
Idumile kwinxalenye yaseYurophu kwaye ilungele ulwamkelo sisikhululo saseJamani esele sikhankanyiwe iDWD (Deutche Wetterdienst), sithumela imiyalezo kwii-frequencies 3855, 7880 kunye ne-13882 KHz. Omnye umbutho onefeksi ekulula ukuzifumana yiBritish Joint Operational Meteorology and Oceanography Centre, bathumela imiqondiso kwii-frequencies 2618, 4610, 6834, 8040, 11086, 12390 and 18261 KHz.
Ukufumana imiqondiso yeFax yeHF, kufuneka usebenzise imowudi yomamkeli we-USB, iMultiPSK ingasetyenziselwa ukudikowuda. Isiphumo solwamkelo nge-websdr receiver iboniswe kumzobo:
Lo mfanekiso uthathwe kanye ngelixa ubhala isicatshulwa. Ngendlela, kunokubonwa ukuba imigca ethe nkqo ihambile - iprotocol yi-analog, kwaye ukuchaneka kongqamaniso kubalulekile apha, nokuba ukulibaziseka okuncinci komsindo kubangela ukutshintshwa komfanekiso. Xa usebenzisa umamkeli "wokwenene", esi siphumo asiyi kwenzeka.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, njengakwimeko yocingo lwemozulu, akukho mntu kwiinqanawa okhupha iifeksi usebenzisa ikhompyutha - kukho abamkeli abakhethekileyo (umzekelo womfanekiso ukususela ekuqaleni kwenqaku) abenza wonke umsebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo.
STANAG 4285
Ngoku makhe siqwalasele umgangatho wanamhlanje wokuhanjiswa kwedatha kumaza amafutshane - imodem yeStanag 4285. Le fomati yaphuhliswa kwi-NATO, kwaye ikhona kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo. Isekelwe kwi-modulation yesigaba, iiparameters zesignali ziyakwazi ukuhluka, njengoko kunokubonwa kwitafile, isantya sinokuvela kwi-75 ukuya kwi-2400 bit / s. Oku kunokungabonakali ngathi kuninzi, kodwa ngokuqwalasela i-transmission medium - amaza amafutshane, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwawo kunye nokuphazamiseka, esi sisiphumo esihle.
Inkqubo ye-MultiPSK ingakwazi ukucacisa i-STANAG, kodwa kwi-95% yamatyala isiphumo se-decoding siya kuba "inkunkuma" kuphela - ifomathi ngokwayo inikezela kuphela kwi-protocol ye-bitwise ephantsi, kwaye idatha ngokwayo inokubethelwa okanye ibe nolunye uhlobo lwayo. ifomathi. Eminye imiqondiso, nangona kunjalo, inokuchazwa, umzekelo, ukurekhodwa okungezantsi kwi-frequency ye-8453 KHz. Andikwazanga ukucacisa nayiphi na isignali nge-websdr receiver; ngokucacileyo, ukuhanjiswa kwe-intanethi kusaphula ulwakhiwo lwedatha. Abo banomdla banokukhuphela ifayile kummkeli wangempela usebenzisa ikhonkco . Iziphumo ze-MultiPSK ze-decoding ziboniswa kumfanekiso wekhusi ongezantsi. Njengoko ubona, isantya sale rekhodi yi-600bps, ngokucacileyo ifayile yombhalo ihanjiswa njengomxholo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba, njengoko ubona kwipanorama, eneneni zininzi imiqondiso emoyeni:
Ewe, ayizizo zonke ezinokuthi zibe ze-STANAG - kukho ezinye iiprothokholi ezisekwe kwimigaqo efanayo. Ngokomzekelo, sinokunika uhlalutyo lomqondiso .
Njengezinye iimpawu ezixoxiweyo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa ulwamkelo kunye nokusasaza. Umzekelo, kwimodem eboniswe kwifoto Isantya esichaziweyo sisuka kwi-75 ukuya kwi-9600bps kunye ne-bandwidth yesignali ye-3KHz.
Isantya se-9600, ngokuqinisekileyo, asimangalisi kakhulu, kodwa ngokuqwalasela ukuba iimpawu ziyakwazi ukuhanjiswa nakwihlathi okanye kwinqanawa elwandle, kwaye ngaphandle kokuhlawula nantoni na kwi-traffic kumqhubi we-telecom, oku akubi kangako.
Ngendlela, makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwipanorama engentla. Ngasekhohlo sibona...injalo, ikhowudi yeMorse endala. Ngoko, masiqhubele phambili kumqondiso olandelayo.
IKhowudi yeMorse (CW)
Kwi-frequency ye-8423 KHz siva ngqo oku. Ubugcisa bokuva ikhowudi ye-Morse ngoku iphantse yalahleka, ngoko siya kusebenzisa i-MultiPSK (nangona kunjalo, i-decodes-so-so, inkqubo yeCW Skimmer yenza umsebenzi ongcono kakhulu).
Njengoko ubona, isicatshulwa esiphindaphindiweyo se-DE SVO sithunyelwa, ukuba uyakholwa , isikhululo siseGrisi.
Ewe, imiqondiso enjalo imbalwa kwaye iphakathi, kodwa isekho. Njengomzekelo, sinokukhankanya isikhululo esinexesha elide kwi-4331 KHz, sithumela iimpawu eziphindaphindiweyo "VVV DE E4X4XZ". Njengoko uGoogle ecebisa, isikhululo sesoMkhosi waManzi wase-Israel. Ngaba ikhona enye into esasazwayo kule frequency? Impendulo ayaziwa; abo banomdla banokumamela kwaye bazihlolele ngokwabo.
I-Buzzer (UVB-76)
I-parade yethu yokubetha iphetha mhlawumbi ngowona mqondiso udumileyo - owaziwayo eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe, umqondiso ojikelezayo we-4625 KHz.
Isiginali isetyenziselwa ukwazisa imikhosi, kwaye iqulethe ii-beeps eziphindaphindiweyo, phakathi kwazo iibinzana zekhowudi ezivela kwi-codepad ngamanye amaxesha zithunyelwa (amagama abstract afana ne "CROLIST" okanye "BRAMIRKA"). Abanye babhala ukuba babone abamkeli abanjalo ekubhaliseni umkhosi kunye neeofisi zokubhalisa, abanye bathi le nxalenye yenkqubo "yezandla ezifileyo", ngokubanzi, isibonakaliso yi-mecca kubathandi be-Stalker, iingcamango zeyelenqe, iMfazwe ebandayo kunye nokunye. . Abo banomdla banokuchwetheza "UVB-76" ekukhangeleni, kwaye ndiqinisekile ukuba ukufundwa kokuzonwabisa ngokuhlwa kuqinisekisiwe (nangona kunjalo, akufanele uthathe yonke into ebhaliweyo ngokubalulekileyo). Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo inomdla kakhulu, ubuncinci kuba isasebenza ukusukela kwiMfazwe yamaCold, nangona kunzima ukutsho ukuba kukho umntu oyidingayo ngoku.
Ukugqiba
Olu luhlu lukude ukuba lugqitywe. Ngoncedo lomamkeli wonomathotholo, unokuva (okanye ubone) imiqondiso yonxibelelwano ngeenkwili, iirada ezingaphaya kwe-horizon, iisignali zokutsiba ngokukhawuleza ezitshintsha ngokukhawuleza, nokunye okuninzi.
Umzekelo, nanku umfanekiso othathiweyo ngoku kwi-frequency ye-8 MHz; kuyo ungabala ubuncinane iimpawu ezi-5 zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.
Into abayiyo ihlala ingaziwa, ubuncinci ayizizo zonke izinto ezinokufumaneka kwimithombo evulekileyo (nangona kukho iisayithi ezinje ΠΈ ). Uphononongo lwemiqondiso enjalo lunomdla kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga imathematika, inkqubo kunye ne-DSP, kwaye nje njengendlela yokufunda into entsha malunga nehlabathi elisingqongileyo.
Kwakhona kunomdla ukuba nangona uphuhliso lwe-Intanethi kunye nonxibelelwano, irediyo ayilahleki nje kuphela, kodwa mhlawumbi ngokuphambene - ukukwazi ukuhambisa idatha ngokuthe ngqo kumthumeli ukuya kummkeli, ngaphandle kokuhlolwa, ulawulo lwezithuthi kunye nokulandelela ipakethe, inokuba (nangona sinethemba lokuba ayisayi kuba njalo) ifaneleke kwakhona...
umthombo: www.habr.com