Ikhaya elinovakalelo lithatha indawo yamakhaya alumkileyo

Kwiveki yokugqibela kaNovemba, iForam yeSizwe yeSupercomputer yabanjwa ePereslavl-Zalessky. Kangangeentsuku ezintathu abantu baxelele kwaye babonise ukuba zihamba njani izinto ngophuhliso lwee-supercomputers eRashiya kunye nendlela ubugcisa obuvavanywa ngayo kwii-supercomputers buguqulwa bube yimpahla.

Iziko leNkqubo yeSoftware yeRAS
(Igor Shelaputin, Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY)

Ilungu elihambelanayo le-Academy yaseRussia yeSayensi uSergei Abramov wathetha ngeprojekthi "yeNdlu eNcincisayo" (ngoNovemba 27). Ukuphuhlisa ingcamango "yekhaya elihlakaniphile," ucebisa ukujonga izixhobo zasekhaya, ukwakha nokukhumbula iipatheni zokuziphatha kwayo, ukufunda kwiimpazamo zayo, kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili imeko kunye neengxaki zayo kwangaphambili.

I-Institute of Software Systems ye-Academy yaseRashiya yeSayensi, phantsi kobunkokeli bukaSergei Abramov, yaqala ukudala "izindlu ezithintekayo" kwi-2014, xa uhlaziyo lwe-Academy yeSayensi lufuna ukuzisa iiprojekthi zemfundo kwiimarike zorhwebo. Ngeli xesha, i-IPS RAS yayinophuhliso oluhle kuthungelwano lwe-sensor kunye nokulawulwa kwezixhobo, kwaye yayiphuhlisa iteknoloji yefu kunye nokufunda koomatshini.

Ngokutsho kukaSergei Abramov, izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezoshishino zizaliswe izixhobo apho inhlalakahle yekhaya kunye nomsebenzi ozolileyo wabantu uxhomekeke kuyo. Nangona esi sixhobo "sihlakaniphile" sikhula sibe "ikhaya elihlakaniphile", asinalo ulawulo oluzenzekelayo. Abanini abayazi imeko yezixhobo kwaye abanako ukuzijonga ngokulula. Ekuphela kwento eseleyo kukukhathalela ngesandla sonke isiseko, njengeTamagotchi enkulu, ukujonga rhoqo kunye nokulungelelanisa oomatshini.

I-socket ebuthathaka ilinganisa iiparamitha zombane kwaye inike ingxelo kumncedisi
(“Ikhaya elibuthathaka”, Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY)

Ngaba ikhaya elihlakaniphile lisebenza ngokuchanekileyo? Okanye lixesha lokungenelela? Ngaba kuya kubakho ingozi kungekudala? Ngokwayo, akukho "smart home" isombulula le ngxaki; ukuphendula imibuzo enjalo, ukubeka iliso oluzenzekelayo kunye nohlalutyo luyafuneka. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yekhompyuter eyenziwe kwiZiko iqokelela iinkcukacha-manani kwi-sensors, yakha iipatheni zokuziphatha koomatshini basekhaya kwaye ifunde ukuqaphela ezi patheni. Ngokwahlula ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo kukuziphatha okuyingxaki kunye nokufumanisa ukusebenza okungaqhelekanga, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa buya kwazisa umninimzi kwangethuba ngesoyikiso esinokubakho.

"Ikhaya elinovakalelo" "likhaya elihlakaniphile", apho ubuntununtunu, ukukwazi ukuzifundela, ukukwazi ukuqokelela ipateni yokuziphatha okuchanekileyo, ukukwazi ukuqikelela kunye nokusabela kuye kongezwa.
(USergey Abramov, iLungu eliFanayo le-Academy yaseRashiya yeSayensi)

Siyiqhelile indlela "ikhaya elihlakaniphile" ligcina iiparitha zayo: iqondo lokushisa elimiselweyo kunye nokukhanya, umswakama womoya oqhubekayo, i-voltage ye-stable mains. "Ikhaya elihlakaniphile" linokusebenza ngokweskripthi ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lemini okanye isiganeko (umzekelo, iya kuvala itephu yegesi kumyalelo ovela kwi-analyzer yegesi). "Ikhaya Elinovelwano" lithatha inyathelo elilandelayo - lihlalutya idatha yeemvakalelo kwaye yakha iimeko ezintsha zokuhlela: yonke into ihamba njengangaphambili okanye kukho izinto ezimangalisayo. Isabela kwiinguqu kwimeko yangaphandle kwaye iqikelele ukusilela okunokwenzeka, ukuqikelela okungaqhelekanga kwizenzo zangaxeshanye zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. "I-Sensitive House" ibeka iliso kwiziphumo zomsebenzi wayo, ilumkisa ngeengxaki kwaye itshintshe imeko, inika iingcebiso kumnini kunye nokuvumela umnini ukuba acime izixhobo zombane eziphosakeleyo.

Sisombulula ingxaki yokuziphatha kwe-atypical yezixhobo.
(USergey Abramov, iLungu eliFanayo le-Academy yaseRashiya yeSayensi)

Inkqubo ecetywayo ixhomekeke kwinethiwekhi yenzwa enika imilinganiselo esekelwe kwixesha. Umzekelo, ibhoyila yedizili ngamanye amaxesha iyavula kwaye ifudumeze amanzi, impompo yokujikeleza iqhuba amanzi ashushu ngemibhobho yokufudumeza, kwaye izinzwa eziphambili zixela ukuba ezi zixhobo ziwusebenzisa njani umbane. Ngokusekelwe kuluhlu lokufunda, i-sensor yesibini (iprogram) ithelekisa kunye neprofayili eqhelekileyo kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuxilongwa. I-sensor ye-tertiary (iprogram) ifumana ubushushu bomoya wangaphandle kwaye iqikelela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yexesha elizayo, ivavanya umthwalo wayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle - indlela ukufudumeza kwebhoyila kunye nemozulu ehambelana ngayo. Mhlawumbi iifestile zivulekile kwaye ibhoyili ifudumeza isitalato, okanye mhlawumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kuye kwehla kwaye lixesha lokulungiswa kokuthintela. Ngokusekwe kwi-drift yeeparameters ezifunyenweyo, umntu unokuqikelela ukuba leliphi ixesha abaya kuhamba ngalo ngaphaya kwesiqhelo.

Isokethi ebuthathaka iqulathe iimodyuli-iibha ezahlukileyo
(“Ikhaya elibuthathaka”, Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY)

Ngokuphonononga ukufundwa kwangaxeshanye kwezinzwa, "indlu enovelwano" iyakwazi ukuqaphela ukuba impompo yamanzi ayicimi ngenxa yokuba igalela amanzi kwakhona equleni (ngevalve ephosakeleyo) okanye ngokuthe ngqo emgangathweni (ngokugqabhuka). umbhobho). Ukuxilongwa kuya kuthembeka ngakumbi ukuba i-motion sensors ithule kwaye impompo impompa amanzi kwindlu engenanto.

Uthungelwano lwenzwa lukwafumaneka kumakhaya alumkileyo. Iziseko zamafu nazo ziyafumaneka kumakhaya akrelekrele. Kodwa yintoni "amakhaya ahlakaniphileyo" angenawo ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, ukufunda koomatshini, ukuqokelela iipateni zokuziphatha okuchanekileyo, ukuhlelwa kunye nokubikezela.
(USergey Abramov, iLungu eliFanayo le-Academy yaseRashiya yeSayensi)

Inxalenye yefu "yendlu enzima" isekelwe kwi-NoSQL database ye-Riak okanye i-Akumuli database, apho uchungechunge lwexesha lokufunda lugcinwa. Ukufumana kunye nokukhupha idatha kwenziwa kwi-platform ye-Erlang / OTP, ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise i-database kwiindawo ezininzi. Inkqubo yezicelo zeselula kunye nojongano lwewebhu lubekwe ngaphezulu kwayo ukwazisa umthengi nge-Intanethi kunye nomnxeba, kwaye ecaleni kwayo yinkqubo yokuhlalutya idatha kunye nolawulo lokuziphatha. Ungaqhagamshela naluphi na uhlahlelo lwexesha apha, kubandakanya nezo zisekwe kuthungelwano lwe-neural. Ngaloo ndlela, lonke ulawulo kwiinkqubo "ezinovakalelo lwekhaya" lubekwe kwindawo yolawulo eyahlukileyo. Ukufikelela kuyo kubonelelwa ngeakhawunti yakho yobuqu kwinkonzo yelifu.

Isilawuli esinovelwano siqokelela imiqondiso evela kwizinzwa kunye nethemometha
(“Ikhaya elibuthathaka”, Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY)

I-Erlang ibonelela ngazo zonke izibonelelo zendlela yokusebenza. Ineendlela zokusebenza ezisasazwayo, kwaye eyona ndlela ilula yokwenza inkqubo esasazwa ngokufanayo kukusebenzisa i-Erlang. Uyilo lwethu luqulathe isoftware "izinzwa zesibini"; kunokubakho uninzi lwazo kwinzwa nganye yomzimba, kwaye ukuba sibala amashumi amawaka abathengi abanezixhobo ezininzi, kuya kufuneka siqhubele phambili ukuhamba okukhulu kwedatha. Bafuna iinkqubo ezikhaphukhaphu ezinokusungulwa ngamanani amakhulu. I-Erlang ikuvumela ukuba uqhube amashumi amawaka eenkqubo kumbindi omnye; le nkqubo ikala kakuhle.
(USergey Abramov, iLungu eliFanayo le-Academy yaseRashiya yeSayensi)

Ngokomphuhlisi, u-Erlang kulula ukuququzelela iqela elahlukileyo labadwelisi benkqubo, apho abafundi kunye nezikhanyiso zenza inkqubo enye. Iziqwenga zomntu ngamnye zenkqubo yesoftware ziphazamiseka ngempazamo, kodwa yonke inkqubo iyaqhubeka nokusebenza, ekuvumela ukuba ulungise iindawo ezigwenxa kubhabho.

Umlawuli obuthathaka uhambisa idatha nge-WiFi okanye i-RS-485
(“Ikhaya elibuthathaka”, Wikimedia Commons, CC-BY)

Inkqubo “yekhaya elinovelwano” isebenzisa bonke ubugcisa obusetyenziswa yi-IPS RAS ukulawula iikhompyutha ezinkulu. Oku kubandakanya abenzi boluvo bombane, iisistim zokubeka iliso kunye nolawulo olukude. Okwangoku, inkqubo enovakalelo iqhuba ngokwazo izinzwa kwaye inokudibanisa kwiilophu zesebe lomlilo, kodwa kukho isicwangciso sokuqokelela idatha kwi-sensors yayo nayiphi na "amakhaya ahlakaniphile."

"Ikhaya elinovelwano" linika umdla kuba izisombululo zobukrelekrele ezintsonkothileyo zesixeko, ubumelwane kunye nekhaya ziza ngaphambili. Yintoni enomdla apha ayikokwakha i-supercomputer, kodwa ukwakha i-complex ye-social-computer, ukwazisa i-supercomputer kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukuze umatshini utshintshe ubomi babantu.
(Olga Kolesnichenko, Ph.D., umhlohli omkhulu kwiYunivesithi yaseSechenov)

Ngentwasahlobo ka-2020, abaphuhlisi baya kulungiselela isethi esisiseko yeenkqubo kunye nezixhobo zokudibanisa iinkqubo zobukhulu obahlukeneyo kwizakhiwo kunye namagumbi. Bathembisa ukuba umphumo uya kuba lula ukuseta, akukho nzima ngakumbi kune-robot vacuum cleaner. Ikiti esisiseko iya kuxhasa nasiphi na isixhobo esijongwayo: iibhoyila zokufudumeza, izifudumezi zamanzi, iifriji, iimpompo zamanzi kunye neetanki zeseptic. Emva koko kuya kuba yithuba lokuthengisa okuncinci, emva koko imveliso ye-fableless, ukongezwa kweenzwa ezintsha kunye neemodyuli. Kwaye kwixesha elizayo, zonke iintlobo zokwahluka kunye nokulungelelaniswa zinokwenzeka - ifama enovakalelo, isibhedlele esibuthathaka, inqanawa ebuthathaka, kunye netanki ebuthathaka kakhulu.

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