I-Wolverine, i-Deadpool kunye ne-Jellyfish zifana ngantoni? Zonke zinento emangalisayo - ukuzalwa ngokutsha. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwii-comics kunye neemuvi, obu buchule, obuqhelekileyo phakathi kwenani elilinganiselweyo lezinto eziphilayo, lincinci (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu) libaxiwe, kodwa lihlala liyinyani. Kwaye into eyinyani inokuchazwa, yiloo nto izazinzulu ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseTohoku (eJapan) zagqiba ekubeni ziyenze kwisifundo sabo esitsha. Ziziphi iinkqubo zeselula kumzimba wejellyfish ezinxulunyaniswa nokuzalwa ngokutsha, iqhubeka njani le nkqubo, kwaye ngawaphi amanye amandla amakhulu ezi zidalwa zifana nejeli? Ingxelo yeqela lophando iya kusixelela malunga noku. Hamba.
Isiseko sophando
Okokuqala, izazinzulu zichaza isizathu sokuba zigqibe kwelokuba zinikele ingqalelo yazo kwijelifish. Inyaniso kukuba uphando oluninzi kwi-biology luqhutywa ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yimodeli: iigundane, iimpukane zeziqhamo, iimbungu, iintlanzi, njl. Kodwa isijikelezi-langa sethu sinezigidi zezidalwa eziphilayo, nganye kuzo inobuchule obukhethekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukuvavanya ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yokuvuselelwa kwamaseli ngokufunda uhlobo olunye kuphela, kwaye ucinge ukuba indlela yokufunda iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo kuzo zonke izidalwa ezisemhlabeni.
Ngokuphathelele i-jellyfish, ezi zidalwa, ngenkangeleko yazo, zithetha ngokungafani kwazo, ezingenakukwazi ukutsala ingqalelo yezazinzulu. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ndiqalise ukuchithwa kophando ngokwalo, ndadibana nomlinganiswa walo oyintloko.
Igama elithi "jellyfish," esisetyenziselwa ukubiza isidalwa ngolo hlobo, ngokwenene libhekisela kuphela kwinqanaba lomjikelo wobomi be-cnidarian subtype. medusozoa. I-Cnidarians yafumana igama elingaqhelekanga elinjalo ngenxa yobukho beeseli ezihlabayo (cnidocytes) emizimbeni yazo, ezisetyenziselwa ukuzingela nokuzikhusela. Ukubeka nje, xa uhlatywa yi-jellyfish, unokubulela ezi seli ngeentlungu kunye nokubandezeleka.
I-Cnidocytes iqulethe i-cnidocysts, i-organelle ye-intracellular ejongene nefuthe "lokuhlaba". Ngokwembonakalo yabo kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, indlela yokusetyenziswa, iindidi ezininzi ze-cnidocytes ziyahlula, phakathi kwazo:
- abangeneleli - imicu eneziphelo ezitsolo ezigqobhoza umzimba wexhoba okanye umoni njengemikhonto, efaka i-neurotoxin;
- i-glutinants - intambo encangathi kunye nemide egquma ixhoba (hayi eyona hug imnandi);
- iivolventi yimisonto emifutshane apho ixhoba linokubanjiswa lula.
Ezo zixhobo zingekho mgangathweni zichazwa yinyaniso yokuba ijellyfish, nangona intle, ayizozidalwa ezithambileyo. I-neurotoxin engena emzimbeni wexhoba iwukhubaze ngoko nangoko, nto leyo enika ijellyfish ixesha elininzi lekhefu lesidlo sasemini.
I-Jellyfish emva kokuzingela ngempumelelo.
Ukongeza kwindlela yabo engaqhelekanga yokuzingela kunye nokuzikhusela, i-jellyfish inokuvelisa okungaqhelekanga kakhulu. Amadoda avelisa isidoda, kwaye amabhinqa avelisa amaqanda, emva kokuhlanganiswa kweplanulae (izibungu) zenziwe, zihlale phantsi. Emva kwexesha, i-polyp ikhula kwi-larva, apho, ekufikeleleni ekukhuleni, i-jellyfish encinci iyahlukana ngokoqobo (enyanisweni, i-budding iyenzeka). Ngaloo ndlela, kukho izigaba ezininzi zomjikelo wobomi, enye yazo yijellyfish okanye isizukulwana se-medusoid.
I-cyanea enoboya, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-lion's mane.
Ukuba i-cyanea enoboya ibuzwa indlela yokwandisa ukusebenza kokuzingela, iya kuphendula - iintente ezininzi. Zimalunga nama-60 zizonke (iqela leentente ezili-15 kwikona nganye yedome). Ukongezelela, olu hlobo lwe-jellyfish lubhekwa njengolona lukhulu, kuba ububanzi bedome bunokufikelela kwiimitha ezi-2, kwaye iintente zinokwelula ukuya kuma-20 eemitha ngexesha lokuzingela. Ngethamsanqa, olu hlobo alukho "ityhefu" kwaye ngoko alubulali abantu.
Noonomeva baselwandle, bebuya kwenza umgangatho ube mninzi. Olu hlobo lwejellyfish lukwanazo neentente ezili-15 (iimitha ezi-3 ubude) kwikona nganye kwezine zedome, kodwa ubuthi bazo bomelele ngokuphindwe kaninzi kunobo besalamane sayo esikhulu. Kukholelwa ukuba unomeva wolwandle une-neurotoxin eyaneleyo yokubulala abantu abangama-60 kwimizuzu emi-3. Esi siphango saselwandle sihlala kummandla wonxweme olukumantla eOstreliya naseNew Zealand. Ngokutsho kwedatha esuka kwi-1884 ukuya ku-1996, abantu abangama-63 bafa e-Australia, kodwa ezi datha zinokuthi zingachanekanga, kwaye inani lokudibana okubulalayo phakathi kwabantu kunye noonomeva baselwandle banokuba phezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwedatha ye-1991-2004, phakathi kwamatyala angama-225, kuphela i-8% yamaxhoba afakwe esibhedlele, kubandakanywa nokufa omnye (umntwana oneminyaka emithathu ubudala).
unomeva wolwandle
Ngoku makhe sibuyele kwisifundo esisijongileyo namhlanje.
Ukususela kumbono weeseli, eyona nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu kubomi bonke bayo nayiphi na into ephilayo kukukhula kweeseli - inkqubo yokukhula kwezicubu zomzimba ngokuzala kweeseli ngokwahlukana. Ngethuba lokukhula komzimba, le nkqubo ilawula ukwanda kobukhulu bomzimba. Kwaye xa umzimba uqulunqwe ngokupheleleyo, iiseli ezikhulayo zilawula ukutshintshwa kweeseli zomzimba kunye nokutshintshwa kwezonakalisiweyo kunye nezitsha.
I-Cnidarians, njengeqela loodade be-bilaterians kunye ne-metazoans zakuqala, zisetyenziselwe ukufunda iinkqubo zendaleko iminyaka emininzi. Ke ngoko, ii-cnidarians azikho ngaphandle ngokwemiqathango yokwanda. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwe-embryonic ye-anemone yolwandle Nematostella vectensis ukwanda kweeseli kulungelelaniswa nentlangano ye-epithelial kwaye ibandakanyeka kuphuhliso lweentente.
Nematostella vectensis
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ii-cnidarians, njengoko sele sisazi, ziyaziwa ngamakhono abo okuvuselela. I-Hydra polyps (i-genus ye-sessile coelenterates yamanzi ahlambulukileyo ukusuka kwiklasi ye-hydroid) ithathwa njengeyona idumileyo phakathi kwabaphandi kumakhulu eminyaka. Ukwandisa, kusebenze iiseli ezifayo, kubangela inkqubo yokuhlaziywa kwentloko ye-basal ye-hydra. Elona gama lesi sidalwa libhekiselele kwisidalwa sasentsomini esaziwayo ngokuphinda siphile - iLernaean Hydra, leyo uHercules wakwazi ukuyoyisa.
Nangona izakhono zokuvuselela ziye zadibaniswa nokwanda, kuhleli kungacaci kakuhle ukuba le nkqubo yeselula yenzeke njani phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokuphuhliswa kwezinto eziphilayo.
I-Jellyfish, enomjikelo wobomi ontsonkothileyo oquka amanqanaba amabini okuzala (ezityalo nezilwanyana), ingumzekelo obalaseleyo wokufunda ukwanda.
Kulo msebenzi, indima yomntu oyintloko ofundisiweyo yadlalwa yi-jellyfish yeentlobo zeCladonema pacificum. Olu hlobo luhlala kunxweme lwaseJapan. Ekuqaleni, le jellyfish ineentente ezi-9 eziphambili, eziqala ukuhluma kunye nokwandisa ubukhulu (njengomzimba wonke) ngexesha lokukhula kumntu omdala. Eli nqaku lisivumela ukuba sifunde ngokubanzi zonke iindlela ezibandakanyekayo kule nkqubo.
Ukwengeza kwi I-Cladonema pacificum Uphononongo lukwajonge nezinye iintlobo zejelifish: Cytaeis Modau ΠΈ Rathkea octopunctata.
Iziphumo zophando
Ukuqonda ipatheni yendawo yokwanda kweeseli kwi-Cladonema medusa, izazinzulu zasebenzisa i-5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, ebhala iiseli kwi. S-isigaba* okanye iiseli esele ziyidlulisile.
S-isigaba* - isigaba somjikelezo weseli apho ukuphindaphinda kwe-DNA kwenzeka.
Inikezwe loo nto Cladonema inyuka kakhulu ngobukhulu kwaye ibonisa i-tentacle branching ngexesha lophuhliso (1A-1C), ukuhanjiswa kweeseli ezikhulayo kunokutshintsha ngexesha lokukhula.
Umfanekiso weNombolo ye-1: iimpawu zokwanda kweeseli kwiCladonema encinci.
Ngenxa yolu phawu, kwakunokwenzeka ukufunda indlela yokwanda kweeseli kubo bobabini abancinci (usuku 1) kunye nabaqolileyo ngokwesondo (usuku lwe-45) i-jellyfish.
Kwi-juvenile jellyfish, iiseli ze-EDU-positive zifunyenwe ngamanani aphezulu kuwo wonke umzimba, kubandakanywa i-umbel, i-manubrium (ilungu elixhasayo lomlomo womlomo kwi-jellyfish), kunye neentente, kungakhathaliseki ixesha lokuvezwa kwe-EDU (1D-1K ΠΈ 1N-1O, EdU: 20 Β΅M (micromolar) emva kweeyure ezingama-24).
Kufunyenwe iiseli ezimbalwa ze-EDU-positive kwi-manubrium (1F ΠΈ 1G), kodwa kwiambrela ukusasazwa kwazo kwakufana kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiqokobhe elingaphandle leambrela (i-exambrella, 1H-1K). Kwiintente, iiseli ze-EDU-positive zazidibene kakhulu (1N). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-mitotic marker (PH3 antibody) yenze ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba iiseli ze-EDU-positive zi-proliferating cells. Iiseli ezi-PH3-positive zifunyenwe kwi-ambrella kunye nebhalbhu yentente (1L ΠΈ 1P).
Kwiintente, iiseli ze-mitotic zifumaneka ikakhulu kwi-ectoderm (1P), ngelixa kwi-ambrella iiseli ezikhulayo zibekwe kuluhlu olungaphezulu (1M).
Umfanekiso we-2: iimpawu zokwanda kweeseli kwiCladonema evuthiweyo.
Kubantu abancinci nabaqolileyo, iiseli ze-EDU-positive zafunyanwa ngamanani amakhulu kuwo wonke umzimba. Kwi-umbel, iiseli ze-EDU-positive zazihlala zifumaneka kuluhlu olungaphezulu kunoluhlu olusezantsi, olufana nokuqwalaselwa kwabaselula (2A-2D).
Kodwa kwiintente imeko yayahluke ngandlelβ ithile. Iiseli ze-EDU-positive eziqokelelwe kwisiseko sentente (ibhalbhu), apho amaqela amabini afunyenwe macala omabini ebhalbhu (2E ΠΈ 2F). Kubantu abancinci, ukuqokelelwa okufanayo kuye kwabonwa (1N), oko kukuthi. iibhalbhu zentente inokuba yeyona ndawo iphambili yokwanda kulo lonke inqanaba le-medusoid. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kwi-manubrium yabantu abadala inani leeseli ze-EDU-positive lalilikhulu kakhulu kunabantwana abaselula (2G ΠΈ 2H).
Isiphumo esiphakathi kukuba ukwanda kweeseli kunokwenzeka ngokufanayo kwi-ambrella ye-jellyfish, kodwa kwiintente le nkqubo ifumaneka kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kunokucingelwa ukuba ukwanda kweeseli ezifanayo kunokulawula ukukhula komzimba kunye ne-homeostasis yezicubu, kodwa amaqoqo eeseli ezikhulayo kufuphi neebhubhu zentente zibandakanyeka kwi-tentacle morphogenesis.
Ngokumalunga nophuhliso lomzimba ngokwawo, ukwanda kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni komzimba.
Umfanekiso #3: Ukubaluleka kokwandisa kwinkqubo yokukhula komzimba we-jellyfish.
Ukuvavanya oku ngokwenza, izazinzulu zajonga ukukhula komzimba we-jellyfish, ziqala ngabantu abancinci. Kulula ukubona ubungakanani bomzimba wejellyfish ngedome yayo, kuba ikhula ngokulinganayo nangokuthe ngqo kuwo wonke umzimba.
Ngokutya okuqhelekileyo kwiimeko zelabhoratri, ubungakanani bedome bukhula ngokukhawuleza ngama-54.8% kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala - ukusuka ku-0.62 Β± 0.02 mm2 ukuya ku-0.96 Β± 0.02 mm2. Kwiintsuku ezi-5 ezilandelayo zokuqwalaselwa, ubungakanani bunyuke ngokucothayo nangokutyibilikayo ukuya kwi-0.98 Β± 0.03 mm2 (3A-3C).
I-Jellyfish evela kwelinye iqela, eyayivinjwa ukutya, ayizange ikhule, kodwa iyancipha (umgca obomvu kwigrafu. 3C). Uhlalutyo lweselula lwe-jellyfish elambileyo lubonise ubukho benani elincinci kakhulu leeseli ze-EDU: 1240.6 Β± 214.3 kwi-jellyfish evela kwiqela lolawulo kunye ne-433.6 Β± 133 kwabalambileyo.3D-3H). Olu qwalaselo lunokuba bubungqina obuthe ngqo bokuba isondlo sichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yokwandisa.
Ukuvavanya le ngcamango, izazinzulu zenze i-pharmacological assay apho zithintele ukuqhubeka kwe-cell cycle usebenzisa i-hydroxyurea (CH4N2O2), i-cell cycle inhibitor eyenza ukubanjwa kwe-G1. Ngenxa yolu ngenelelo, iiseli zesigaba se-S ezifunyenwe ngaphambili zisebenzisa i-EDU zanyamalala (3I-3L). Ngaloo ndlela, i-jellyfish evezwe kwi-CH4N2O2 ayizange ibonise ukukhula komzimba, ngokungafaniyo neqela lokulawula (3M).
Isigaba esilandelayo sophononongo luphando olucacileyo lwe-branching tentacles ye-jellyfish ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukucinga ukuba ukwanda kwendawo yeeseli kwiintente kunegalelo kwi-morphogenesis yabo.
Umfanekiso we-4: umphumo wokunyuka kwendawo ekukhuleni kunye ne-branching yeentente ze-jellyfish.
Iintente zejellyfish encinci zinesebe elinye, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha inani labo liyanda. Kwiimeko zebhubhoratri, i-branching yanda amaxesha ama-3 ngosuku lwesithoba lokuqwalaselwa (4A ΠΈ 4C).
Kwakhona, xa kusetyenziswa i-CH4N2O2, akukho masebe eentente abonwayo, kodwa isebe elinye kuphela (4B ΠΈ 4C). Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ukususwa kwe-CH4N2O2 kumzimba we-jellyfish kubuyisele inkqubo ye-branching yeentente, ebonisa ukuguqulwa kokungenelela kweziyobisi. Olu qwalaselo lubonisa ngokucacileyo ukubaluleka kokwandiswa kophuhliso lweentente.
I-Cnidarians ayiyi kuba yi-cnidarians ngaphandle kwe-nematocytes (cnidocytes, oko kukuthi, i-cnidarians). Kwiintlobo ze-jellyfish i-Clytia hemisphaerica, iiseli ze-stem kwi-tentacle bulbs zibonelela nge-nematocysts kwiingcebiso zeentente ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokwanda kweeseli. Ngokwemvelo, izazinzulu zagqiba kwelokuba zivavanye le ngxelo.
Ukubona naluphi na uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-nematocysts kunye nokusabalalisa, idayi ye-nyukliya ye-staining enokuthi iphawule i-poly-Ξ³-glutamate eyenziwe kwindonga ye-nematocyst (DAPI, oko kukuthi i-4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) isetyenzisiwe.
I-Poly-Ξ³-glutamate staining yasivumela ukuba siqikelele ubungakanani be-nematocytes, ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-110 ΞΌm2 (4D-4G). Inani lee-nematocysts ezingenanto nazo zachongwa, oko kukuthi, ii-nematocytes ezinjalo zacinywa.4D-4G).
Umsebenzi wokwandisa kwi-jellyfish tentacles wavavanywa ngokufunda i-voids kwi-nematocytes emva kokuvala umjikelezo weseli nge-CH4N2O2. Umlinganiselo we-nematocytes engenanto kwi-jellyfish emva kokungenelela kweziyobisi yayiphezulu kuneqela lokulawula: 11.4% Β± 2.0% kwi-jellyfish kwiqela lolawulo kunye ne-19.7% Β± 2.0% kwi-jellyfish ene-CH4N2O2 (4D-4G ΠΈ 4H). Ngenxa yoko, nasemva kokudinwa, i-nematocyte iyaqhubeka nokubonelelwa ngenkuthalo kunye neeseli zeprogenitor, eziqinisekisa impembelelo yale nkqubo kungekuphela nje ekuphuhliseni iintente, kodwa nakwi-nematogenesis kuzo.
Elona nqanaba linomdla kakhulu yayilufundo lwezakhono zokuvuselela ijellyfish. Ukuqwalasela ukuxinwa okuphezulu kweeseli ezikhulayo kwibhalbhu yentente yejellyfish ekhulile Cladonema, izazinzulu zagqiba ekubeni zifunde ukuhlaziywa kweentente.
Umfanekiso we-5: umphumo wokwanda kokuvuselelwa kweentente.
Emva kokuchithwa kweentente kwisiseko, inkqubo yokuhlaziya yabonwa (5A-5D). Kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala, ukuphiliswa kwenzeka kwindawo yokusikwa (5B). Ngosuku lwesibini lokuqwalaselwa, incam yaqala ukwanda kwaye amasebe avela (5C). Ngosuku lwesihlanu, intente yayihlulwe ngokupheleleyo (5D), ngoko ke, ukuvuselelwa kweentente kunokulandela i-morphogenesis eqhelekileyo yeentente emva kokunyuka.
Ukufunda ngcono inqanaba lokuqala lohlaziyo, izazinzulu zahlalutya ukuhanjiswa kweeseli ezikhulayo zisebenzisa i-PH3 staining ukujonga iiseli ze-mitotic.
Ngelixa iiseli ezahlulayo zazihlala zijongwa kufutshane nendawo enqunyulweyo, iiseli ze-mitotic zasasazwa kwiibhalbhu zentente ezinganqunyulwanga (5E ΠΈ 5F).
Ubungakanani beeseli ze-PH3-positive ezikhoyo kwiibhalbhu zentente zibonakalise ukwanda okubonakalayo kwiiseli ze-PH3-positive kwiibhalbhu zentente zabanqunyulwe xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo (5G). Njengokuqukumbela, iinkqubo zokuqala zokuvuselela zihamba kunye nokunyuka okusebenzayo kwi-cell proliferation kwii-bulbs zentente.
Umphumo wokwandisa ekuhlaziyweni kwavavanywa ngokuvimba iiseli nge-CH4N2O2 emva kokunqunyulwa kwentente. Kwiqela lolawulo, ukunyuka kwentente emva kokunqunyulwa kwenzeke ngokuqhelekileyo, njengoko kulindelekile. Kodwa kwiqela apho i-CH4N2O2 isetyenziswe khona, ukunyusa akuzange kwenzeke, nangona ukuphiliswa kwenxeba okuqhelekileyo (5H). Ngamanye amazwi, ukuphiliswa kuya kwenzeka kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kodwa ukusabalalisa kuyimfuneko ekuvuseleleni i-tentacle efanelekileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, izazinzulu zagqiba ekubeni zifunde ukwanda kwezinye iintlobo ze-jellyfish, ezizezi Cytaeis ΠΈ Rathkea.
Umfanekiso #6: Ukuthelekiswa kokunyuka kweCytaeis (ngasekhohlo) kunye neRathkea (ekunene) i-jellyfish.
Π£ Cytaeis iiseli ze-medusa ze-EDU-positive zabonwa kwi-manubrium, ii-bulbs zentente kunye nenxalenye ephezulu ye-ambrella (6A ΠΈ 6B). Indawo echongiweyo iiseli ezi-PH3-positive ngaphakathi Cytaeis ifana kakhulu ne Cladonema, nangona kunjalo kukho umahluko (6C ΠΈ 6D). Kodwa ku Rathkea Iiseli ze-EDU-positive kunye ne-PH3-positive zifunyenwe phantse ngokukodwa kwingingqi ye-manubrium kunye ne-tentacle bulbs (6E-6H).
Kukwanika umdla ukuba iiseli ezikhulayo zazihlala zibhaqwe kwizintso zejellyfish Rathkea (6E-6G), ebonisa uhlobo lwe-asexual yokuveliswa kolu didi.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo ulwazi olufunyenweyo, kunokucingelwa ukuba ukwanda kweeseli kwenzeka kwiibhubhu zentente kungekhona kuphela kwintlobo enye ye-jellyfish, nangona kukho ukungafani ngenxa yokungafani kwi-physiology kunye ne-morphology.
Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nee-nuances zophononongo, ndincoma ukujonga .
Ipilo
Omnye wabalinganiswa endibathandayo boncwadi nguHercule Poirot. Umcuphi okrelekrele wayesoloko enikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiinkcukacha ezincinci abanye ababecinga ukuba azibalulekanga. Izazinzulu zifana kakhulu nabacuphi, baqokelela bonke ubungqina abanokubufumana ukuze baphendule yonke imibuzo yophando kwaye bafumanise βumoni.β
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kubonakala ngathi kubonakala njani, ukuvuselelwa kweeseli ze-jellyfish kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokwanda - inkqubo ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni iiseli, izicubu kunye, ngenxa yoko, yonke into ephilayo. Uphononongo olucokisekileyo lwale nkqubo ibanzi luya kusivumela ukuba siqonde ngcono iindlela zemolekyuli eziphantsi kwayo, eziya kuthi, ngokwazo, zandise nje uluhlu lolwazi lwethu, kodwa zichaphazele ngqo ubomi bethu.
NgoLwesihlanu ukusuka phezulu:
NgoMatshi we-jellyfish yeentlobo ze-Aurelia, ephazanyiswa yi-predator enegama elingaqhelekanga elithi "fried egg jellyfish", i.e. i-jellyfish yeqanda eqhotsiweyo (iPlanethi yoMhlaba, ilizwi likaDavid Attenborough).
Ayisiyo jellyfish, kodwa esi sidalwa solwandle (i-peliccan-like largemouth) asisoloko sifotwa (ukusabela kwabaphandi kukuchukumisa nje).
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