Umphathi wenkampani yophuhliso lokuhlawula uneendlela ezimbini zokwakha iqela. Eyokuqala kukufumana "abakhulileyo" abasele bekulungele kwaye ngokuqhubekayo badale iimeko zokusebenza ezinjalo ukuze basebenzise izakhono zabo kunye namava abo ngokugqithiseleyo, baphuhlise kwaye kwangaxeshanye bangangeni ekulweni. Okwesibini kukudala iqela elivela kumxube wabatsha, abaphakathi kunye nabalungileyo, ukuze banxibelelane, baphembelele omnye nomnye, bafunde kwaye bakhule ngaphakathi kwenkampani. Ndichasene nesangqa esikhohlakeleyo la "akukho mava - akukho msebenzi - akukho mava" kwaye andiyiboni ingxaki ekuqeshweni komphuhlisi oqalayo. I-Forward Telecom kudala inenkqubo ye-internship, ethe yaba sisiqalo somsebenzi kubasebenzi abaninzi abakhoyo.
Ngoku ndiza kukuxelela indlela endiyibona ngayo indlela yophuhliso lomphuhlisi wokuhlawula, kwaye koluphi ulandelelwano oludingayo ukuze ukwazi izakhono zobuchwephesha.
1. Funda ulwimi lwenkqubo
Ukuqala, nabani na. Eyona nto iphambili yiJava, iPython kunye neJavaScript, kodwa iRuby, Go, C, C ++ ifanelekile ukufumana ulwazi olusisiseko. Ukufundisa njani? Thatha izifundo ezihlawulelwayo kunye nezasimahla ndingacebisa uqeqesho oluvela eGolang. Ukuba inqanaba lakho lesiNgesi liyakuvumela, ukubukela iividiyo zasemzini sisakhono esongezelelweyo esilungileyo.
2. Qonda iikhonsepthi ze-OS
Iinkqubo zokusebenza zisekwe kumacandelo asixhenxe ekufuneka uyazi kwaye ukwazi ukuchaza umgaqo wokusebenza:
- Ulawulo lwenkqubo;
- Imisonto kunye nekhowudi enemisonto emininzi;
- Isokethi (ujongano lwesoftware);
- I/O ukuthumela;
- Ukwenziwa kwenyani;
- Ugcino;
- Iinkqubo zeefayile.
Ndincoma ukuthatha ikhosi yolawulo lweLinux esisiseko. Iinkqubo zesibini zokusebenza emgceni ziiWindows kunye ne-Unix.
3. Ziqhelanise netheminali
Ngokufanisa kunye ne-phobia yephepha elingenanto, kukho i-phobia yesikrini esimnyama esingenanto kunye nekhesa ekhanyayo. Kuya kufuneka uloyise ukuze ufunde indlela yokubhala imiyalelo elungileyo kumgca womyalelo.
Kufuneka wazi:
- Iigobolondo zeBash kunye neKornShell;
- Imiyalelo fumana, grep, awk, sed, lsof;
- Imiyalelo yenethiwekhi nslookup kunye netstat.
4. Inethiwekhi kunye nokhuseleko
Ukuhlawula kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo neemfuno zothungelwano kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha. Awukwazi ukubhala iinkonzo ze-intanethi ngaphandle kokuqonda indlela inethiwekhi esebenza ngayo, ngoko kufuneka ufunde iingcamango ezisisiseko kunye neeprotocol: i-DNS, imodeli ye-OSI, i-HTTP, i-HTTPS, i-FTP, i-SSL, i-TLS. Ke, xa udibana nempazamo yoQhagamshelwano loKwaliwe, uya kuyazi into omawuyenze.
5. Iiseva
Emva kokufunda imigaqo yokuhanjiswa kolwazi kwinethiwekhi, unokuqalisa iziseko zokusebenza kweseva. Qala ngeeseva zewebhu: IIS, Apache, Nginx, Caddy kunye neTomcat.
Okulandelayo kuluhlu:
- uReverse proxy;
- I-proxy engaziwa;
- Ugcino
- Ukulinganisa umthwalo;
- I-Firewall.
6. Funda iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi
Ndikholelwa ukuba eli nqanaba lelinye lawona abalulekileyo. Kuya kufuneka uqonde izihloko ezintathu ezibanzi:
- Izikhongozeli: iDocker kunye neKubernetes
- Izixhobo zolawulo loqwalaselo: Ansible, Chef, Salt and Puppet
- Ugcino: Terraform, amafu.
7. Funda iCI/CD
Esinye isakhono esiluncedo kumphuhlisi wokuhlawula kukwazi ukuseta umbhobho wokudibanisa okuqhubekayo kunye nokuhanjiswa. Kwindawo yeCI / CD kukho izixhobo ezifana neJenkins, iTeamCity, iDrone, i-Circle CI kunye nabanye. I-Spoiler: ukufunda iJenkins esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuya kwanela ekuqaleni.
8. Ulawulo lwesoftware kunye neziseko zophuhliso
Injongo ephambili kukuqonda iziseko zokubeka iliso kwisicelo. Izixhobo kule ndawo zohlulwe ngokwamaqela amathathu:
- Ukubeka iliso kwiziseko zophuhliso: Nagios, Icinga, Datadog, Zabbix, Monit.
- Ukujongwa kokusebenza kwesicelo: I-AppDynanic, i-Relic entsha.
- I-LMS: ELK Stack, Graylog, Splunk, Papertrail.
9. Iinkonzo zamafu
Kwixesha elizayo elingekude, sonke isicelo okanye isoftware iya kuba neqabane lelifu. Kungekudala okanye kamva, abaphuhlisi badibana nelifu, ke funda kubaboneleli belifu abadumileyo (AWS, Google Cloud, kunye neAzure) kunye neziseko zetekhnoloji.
10. Ukusebenza novimba weenkcukacha
Zonke iiprojekthi zangoku zisebenzisa i-database, kunye namava kunye ne-DBMS kunye ne-SQL iya kwenza kube lula ukuqalisa. Funda ukubhala imibuzo yeSQL, sebenzisa ukuchaza kwaye ufunde indlela isalathisi esisebenza ngayo. Eyona ndlela ilula kukuthatha ikhosi. Unokuziqhelanisa nezakhono zakho zamaxwebhu ePostgres kwaye udlale ngokuphindaphinda.
11. Phucula izakhono zakho ezithambileyo
Inqaku elingalindelekanga elingaphandle kwesiqhelo, kodwa lingabalulekanga kangako. Okokuqala, yiba nomonde. Ukhawuleza uqhelane neemeko ezifana "nokulungisa intsimbi yakho, ungumdwebi wenkqubo," kodwa kufuneka ulungele ngokwengqondo ixesha elibekiweyo lokuqalisa iiprojekthi ezintsha. Ukuba uvela kwi-zero ukuya kunyaka kwiprogram kwaye uthathwa njengeJunior, lungiselela ukugxekwa kwaye ufunde ukuyamkela, ukuphononongwa kwekhowudi ngumcebisi kudla ngokuba yinkqubo ebuhlungu. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, isakhono esisinyanzelo kukukwazi ukukhusela imbono yomntu kunye nokuphikisana ngendlela eyakhayo ngamanye amaxesha inyaniso izalwa kwingxabano. Abaphuhlisi abasoze bayeke ukufunda, akukho silingini kulo msebenzi, ngoko ke isakhono sokufunda kunye nomnqweno wokufunda izinto ezintsha sisiseko sophuhliso lwakho.
Ndihlala ndibuzwa xa umntu oqalayo efikelela kwinqanaba eliphakathi, kwaye xa enokuthiwa ngokuziqhenya ngokuthi "umdala". Ndiyakholwa ukuba ayilonani leminyaka esetyenziweyo elimisela umzuzu wenguqu ukusuka kwinqanaba ukuya kwinqanaba, nangona izakhono ezibonakalayo ziyimilinganiselo ephambili. Zizo zakhono ezithambileyo ngokuchanekileyo ezihlala zichaza isantya sokukhula komphuhlisi: umqali oqeqeshiweyo nosebenza nzima unokubhala ikhowudi ekumgangatho ophezulu ngeelwimi ezininzi kwaye akwazi ukusebenza kwiqela kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa. Umphuhlisi oneminyaka eyi-10 yamava usenokungakwazi ukusombulula iingxaki ezingeyosiqhelo, alawule iqela, abe nezakhono ezicalanye.
Le yindlela endibona ngayo indlela yophuhliso lomphuhlisi wokuhlawula, le yindlela esikhulisa ngayo iingcali eziqeqeshiweyo kwiqela lethu eliPhambili leTelecom. Kubonakala ngathi akukho nto isilelayo, kodwa ndihlala ndinombulelo ngokongezwa okuluncedo kwinqanaba.
umthombo: www.habr.com