Umphathi wephakheji ye-GNU Guix 1.0 kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-GuixSD ngokusekelwe kuyo kuyafumaneka

yathatha indawo ukukhululwa komphathi wephakheji I-GNU Guix 1.0 kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-GuixSD GNU/Linux eyakhelwe kwisiseko sayo (i-Guix System Distribution). Utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwinombolo yoguqulelo lubangelwe kukugqitywa kwazo zonke iinkqubo usukelo, isiwe ukwenza ukhupho olubalulekileyo. Ukukhululwa kwashwankathela iminyaka esixhenxe yomsebenzi kwiprojekthi kwaye kwathiwa ilungele ukusetyenziswa yonke imihla. Yokulayisha yenziwe imifanekiso yofakelo kwi-USB Flash (243 MB) kwaye isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zokubona (474 MB). Ixhasa ukusebenza kwi-i686, x86_64, armv7 kunye ne-arch64 yezakhiwo.

Unikezelo luvumela ukufakela njenge ezimele OS kwiinkqubo ze-virtualization, kwizikhongozeli nakwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo, kunye ukuqalisa kunikezelo lwe-GNU/Linux esele lufakiwe, lusebenza njengeqonga lokusasazwa kwesicelo. Umsebenzisi unikezelwa ngemisebenzi enjengokuthathela ingqalelo ukuxhomekeka, ukwakhiwa okuphindaphindiweyo, ukusebenza ngaphandle kweengcambu, ukubuyisela umva kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili xa kukho iingxaki, ulawulo loqwalaselo, i-cloning bume (ukudala ikopi echanekileyo yendawo yesoftware kwezinye iikhompyuter), njl. .

Siseko ezintsha:

• Yongezwe entsha isifakeli esisebenzisanayo, isebenza kwimo yokubhaliweyo;
  

• Ilungisiwe umfanekiso omtsha koomatshini benyani, abalungele zombini ukuqhelaniswa nokuhanjiswa kunye nokudala iindawo zokusebenza zophuhliso;
• Kongezwe iinkonzo zenkqubo entsha iikomityi-pk-helper, imap4d, inputattach, localed, nslcd, zabbix-agent kunye nezabbix-server;
• Iinguqulelo zeprogram kwiiphakheji ze-2104 zahlaziywa, iiphakheji ezintsha ze-1102 zongezwa. Kubandakanywa iinguqulelo ezihlaziyiweyo ze-clojure 1.10.0, iikomityi 2.2.11, emacs 26.2, gcc 8.3.0, gdb 8.2.1, ghc 8.4.3,
  gimp 2.10.10, glibc 2.28, gnome 3.28.2, gnupg 2.2.15, hamba 1.12.1,
  inkohliso 2.2.4, icecat 60.6.1-guix1, icedtea 3.7.0, inkscape 0.92.4,
  libreoffice 6.1.5.2, linux-libre 5.0.10, mate 1.22.0, ocaml 4.07.1,
  octave 5.1.0, openjdk 11.28, python 3.7.0, rust 1.34.0, r 3.6.0,
  sbcl 1.5.1, umalusi 0.6.0, xfce 4.12.1 kunye ne-xorg-server 1.20.4;

• Umphathi weNkonzo ye-GNU Shepherd uhlaziywe kwinguqulelo 0.6, osebenzisa imodi yokusebenza yenkonzo enye, apho inkonzo imakishwa iyeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqaliswa ngempumelelo, enokufuneka ukuba iqalise imisebenzi yexesha elilodwa ngaphambi kwezinye iinkonzo, umzekelo, ukwenza ukucoca okanye ukuqaliswa;
• Kumyalelo othi "guix package", iziteketiso "install", "remove", "upgrade" kunye "search" eziqhelekileyo zabanye abaphathi bepakethe zongeziwe. Ukukhangela iphakheji ungasebenzisa umyalelo othi "ukukhangela kwe-guix", ukufaka "ukufakwa kwe-guix", kunye nokuhlaziya "i-guix pull" kunye "nokuphucula i-guix";
• Isalathiso senkqubela phambili yokusebenza kunye nokuqaqambisa umbala wemiyalezo yokuxilonga yongezwe kumphathi wephakheji. Ngokungagqibekanga, uninzi lwemiyalelo ngoku lusebenza ngaphandle kwemveliso yekhusi eneenkcukacha, eyenziwe yasebenza ngokhetho olwahlukileyo "-v" (--verbosity);
• Umyalelo omtsha "guix system delete-generations" kunye neenketho "guix pack -save-provenance", "guix pull -news", "guix environment -preserve", "guix gc -list-roots", "guix" yongeziwe kumphathi wephakheji ye-guix gc -delete-generations", "guix weather -coverage";
• Iinketho ezintsha zongezwa uguqulo lwephakheji "-nge-git-url" kunye "nesebe-nesebe";
• Imimandla yoqwalaselo "keyboard-layout" yokuchaza ubeko lwebhodi yezitshixo, "xorg-configuration" ukulungiselela umncedisi we-X, "ileyibhile" yeleyibhile yecandelo kunye "neenkonzo ezibalulekileyo" zokuchaza iinkonzo eziphambili zongezwe kunikezelo;
• Yongezwe "guix pack -RR" umyalelo wokudala ugcino lwetar lwezinto eziphunyeziweyo ezinokuqhutywa ngokunxulumene neendlela ezikwisithuba samagama somsebenzisi okanye isihlobo kwi-PROot;
• "i-guix pull" ibonelela ngokuqulunqwa kwe-cache yephakheji ukukhawulezisa imisebenzi yokukhangela ngegama kwaye ibonelele ngokufakela iphakheji "glibc-utf8-locales";
• Ukuphindaphinda ngokupheleleyo (i-bit for bit) yemifanekiso ye-ISO eveliswe ngumyalelo we-"guix system" iyaqinisekiswa;
• I-GDM isetyenziswa njengomphathi wokungena endaweni ye-SLiM;
• Inkxaso yokwakha i-Guix usebenzisa i-Guile 2.0 iyekile.

Masikukhumbuze ukuba umphathi wephakheji ye-GNU Guix usekwe kuphuhliso lweprojekthi nix kwaye ukongeza kwimisebenzi yolawulo lwephakheji eqhelekileyo, ixhasa iimpawu ezinjengokwenza uhlaziyo lwentengiselwano, ukukwazi ukubuyisela umva uhlaziyo, ukusebenza ngaphandle kokufumana amalungelo aphezulu, inkxaso yeeprofayili ezibotshelelwe kubasebenzisi ngabanye, ukukwazi ukufaka ngaxeshanye iinguqulelo ezininzi zenkqubo enye, izixhobo zokuqokelela inkunkuma (ukuchonga nokususa iinguqulelo ezingasetyenziswanga zeepakethe). Ukuchaza iimeko zokwakhiwa kwesicelo kunye nemithetho yokuqulunqwa kwephakheji, kucetywayo ukuba kusetyenziswe ulwimi olukhethekileyo oluphezulu lwe-domain-specific kunye namacandelo e-API ye-Scheme ye-Guile, ekuvumela ukuba wenze yonke imisebenzi yolawulo lwephakheji kwiNkqubo yolwimi lweprogram esebenzayo.

Ixhasa amandla okusebenzisa iipakethi ezilungiselelwe umphathi wepakethe ye-Nix kwaye zibekwe kwindawo yokugcina
Nixpkgs. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi kunye neepakethe, kunokwenzeka ukwenza izikripthi zokulawula ulungelelwaniso lwesicelo. Xa ipakethe yakhiwe, zonke izinto ezixhomekeke kuyo zikhutshelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zakhiwe. Kuyenzeka nokuba ukukhuphela eselenziwe-eselenziwe iipakethe zokubini ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina okanye ukwakha ukusuka kwimibhalo yentsusa nazo zonke izinto ezixhomekeke kuyo. Izixhobo ziphunyeziwe ukugcina iinguqulelo zeenkqubo ezifakiweyo zihlaziyiwe ngokuququzelela ukufakwa kohlaziyo olusuka kwindawo yokugcina yangaphandle.

Ubume bokwakha iipakethi buqulunqwe ngendlela yesikhongozeli esiqulethe onke amacandelo ayimfuneko ukuze isicelo sisebenze, esikuvumela ukuba wenze isethi yeepakethe ezinokusebenza ngaphandle kokujonga ukubunjwa kwenkqubo yesiseko semeko yonikezelo, apho iGuix isetyenziswa njenge-add-on. Ukuxhomekeka kunokumiselwa phakathi kweepakethe zeGuix ngokuskena i-hashes yesazisi kulawulo lweepakethe ezifakiweyo ukufumana ubukho bokuxhomekeka esele kufakiwe. Imipakethe ifakwe kuluhlu lolawulo olwahlukileyo lomthi okanye uvimba weefayili womsebenzisi, owuvumela ukuba uhlalisane ngokunxuseneyo nabanye abaphathi bephakheji kwaye unike inkxaso yoluhlu olubanzi lonikezelo olukhoyo. Umzekelo, ipakethe ifakwe njenge /nix/store/f42d5878f3a0b426064a2b64a0c6f92-firefox-66.0.0/, apho "f42d58..." isiphawuli sephakheji esisodwa esisetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni ukuxhomekeka.

Usasazo lubandakanya kuphela amacandelo asimahla kwaye iza ne-GNU Linux-Libre kernel, ecociweyo kwizinto ezingahlawulelwayo ze-firmware yokubini. I-GCC 8.3 isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa. Umphathi wenkonzo usetyenziswa njengenkqubo yokuqalisa GNU uMalusi (yangaphambili dmd), iphuhliswe njengenye indlela ye-SysV-init ngenkxaso yokuxhomekeka. I-daemon yolawulo loMalusi kunye nezinto eziluncedo zibhalwe kwi-Guile (enye yokuphunyezwa kolwimi lweNgxowa-mali), ekwasetyenziselwa ukuchaza iiparamitha zokusungula iinkonzo. Umfanekiso wesiseko uxhasa imo ye-console, kodwa ukufakwa ilungisiwe 9714 iipakethe esele zenziwe, ukuquka amacandelo omzobo wemizobo esekwe kwi-X.Org, idwm kunye nabaphathi befestile ye-ratpoison, i-desktop ye-Xfce, kunye nokhetho lwezicelo zegraphic.

umthombo: opennet.ru