Intshukumo yokubandakanya i-firmware yobunini kunikezelo lweDebian

USteve McIntyre, obesebenza njengenkokeli yeprojekthi yeDebian iminyaka eliqela, uthathe inyathelo lokuphinda acinge ngokutsha indlela kaDebian yokuthumela i-firmware yobunikazi, okwangoku engaqukwanga kwimifanekiso esemthethweni yofakelo kwaye inikezelwe kwindawo eyahlukileyo engeyiyo yasimahla. NgokukaSteve, ukuzama ukufezekisa eyona nto ifanelekileyo yokuhambisa isoftware evulelekileyo kuphela kubangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko kubasebenzisi, abathi kwiimeko ezininzi bafake i-firmware yobunikazi ukuba bafuna ukufumana ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo zabo.

I-firmware ye-Proprietary ibekwe kwindawo eyahlukileyo engekho simahla, kunye nezinye iipakethi ezingahanjiswanga phantsi kweelayisensi ezisimahla nezivulekileyo. Indawo yokugcina indawo engekho simahla ayingokwasemthethweni kwiprojekthi yeDebian kwaye iipakethe ezivela kuyo azinakubandakanywa kufakelo kunye nolwakhiwo oluphilayo. Ngenxa yoko, imifanekiso yokufakela kunye ne-firmware yobunikazi iqokelelwa ngokwahlukileyo kwaye ihlelwe njengengekho semthethweni, nangona ngokusesikweni iphuhliswe kwaye igcinwe yiprojekthi yeDebian.

Ngaloo ndlela, imeko ethile ifunyenwe kuluntu, edibanisa umnqweno wokubonelela kuphela isofthiwe evulekileyo yomthombo ekusasazeni kunye nesidingo sabasebenzisi be-firmware. Kukho neseti encinci ye-firmware yamahhala, efakwe kwiindibano ezisemthethweni kunye nendawo yokugcina, kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu i-firmware enjalo kwaye ayanelanga kwiimeko ezininzi.

Indlela esetyenziswa kwi-Debian idala iingxaki ezininzi, kubandakanywa ukuphazamiseka kubasebenzisi kunye nokuchithwa kwezixhobo kwisakhiwo, ukuvavanya kunye nokusingatha izakhiwo ezingekho semthethweni kunye ne-firmware evaliweyo. Iprojekthi ibonisa imifanekiso esemthethweni njengeyona nto ikhuthazwayo iyakha, kodwa oku kubhidanisa kuphela abasebenzisi, kuba ngexesha lokufakela bahlangabezana neengxaki ngenkxaso ye-hardware. Ukusetyenziswa kweendibano ezingekho semthethweni ngokuzenzekelayo kukhokelela ekwandisweni kwesoftware yobunini, kuba umsebenzisi, kunye ne-firmware, ikwafumana indawo yokugcina edityanisiweyo engekho simahla kunye nenye isoftware engahlawulelwayo, ngelixa ukuba i-firmware inikezelwe ngokwahlukileyo, inokwenzeka. ukwenza ngaphandle kokubandakanya indawo yokugcina engasimahla.

Kutshanje, abavelisi baye babhenela ngakumbi ekusebenziseni i-firmware yangaphandle elayishwe yinkqubo yokusebenza, endaweni yokuhambisa i-firmware kwimemori esisigxina kwizixhobo ngokwazo. I-firmware yangaphandle enjalo iyimfuneko kwiigraphics ezininzi zanamhlanje, isandi kunye neeadaptha zenethiwekhi. Kwangaxeshanye, umbuzo awucacanga ukuba i-firmware ingabalelwa kangakanani kwiimfuno zokuhanjiswa kwesoftware yasimahla, kuba ngokwenyani i-firmware isenziwa kwizixhobo zehardware, hayi kwinkqubo, kwaye inxulumene nezixhobo. Ngempumelelo efanayo, iikhompyuter zanamhlanje, zixhotyiswe ngokusasazwa kwasimahla, ziqhuba i-firmware eyakhelwe kwisixhobo. Ukwahlukana kuphela kukuba enye i-firmware ilayishwe yinkqubo yokusebenza, ngelixa ezinye sele zikhanyise kwi-ROM okanye kwimemori yeFlash.

USteve weza nengxoxo kwiinketho ezintlanu eziphambili zokuyila ukuhanjiswa kwe-firmware kwi-Debian, ecetywe ukuba ibekwe kwivoti ngokubanzi yabaphuhlisi:

Shiya yonke into njengoko injalo, nikezela nge-firmware evaliweyo kuphela kwiindibano ezingekho semthethweni.

Yeka ukubonelela ngokwakhiwa ngokungekho semthethweni kunye ne-firmware engekho simahla kwaye uzise ukuhanjiswa ngokuhambelana neengcinga zeprojekthi ukubonelela ngesoftware yasimahla kuphela.

Guqula iindibano ezingekho semthethweni kunye ne-firmware zibe zisemthethweni kwaye uzinikeze ngokuhambelanayo kunye nendawo enye kunye neendibano ezibandakanya kuphela isoftware yasimahla, eya kwenza lula ukukhangela komsebenzisi kwi-firmware efunekayo.

Bandakanya i-firmware yobunikazi kwiindibano ezisemthethweni ezisemgangathweni kwaye ukwala ukubonelela ngeendibano ezingekho semthethweni. Icala elisezantsi kule ndlela kukubandakanywa kovimba ongekho simahla ngokungagqibekanga.

Ukwahlula i-firmware ye-proprietary kwi-non-free repository ibe yinto eyahlukileyo ye-firmware ye-firmware kwaye ihanjiswe kwenye indawo yokugcina engadingi kuvula i-non-free repository. Yongeza okungafaniyo kwimigaqo yeprojekthi evumela ukufakwa kwecandelo elingeyona i-free-firmware kwiindibano zokufakela eziqhelekileyo. Ke, kuya kwenzeka ukwala ukwenza iindibano ezizimeleyo ezingekho semthethweni, zibandakanye i-firmware kwiindibano eziqhelekileyo kwaye ungasebenzisi indawo yokugcina engasimahla kubasebenzisi.

USteve ngokwakhe ukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwengongoma yesihlanu, eya kuvumela iprojekthi ukuba ingaphambuki kakhulu ekukhuthazeni isofthiwe yamahhala, kodwa kwangaxeshanye yenza imveliso ibe lula kwaye isebenziseke kubasebenzisi. I-installer inika ulwahlulo olucacileyo phakathi kwe-firmware yamahhala kunye ne-non-free, evumela umsebenzisi ukuba enze ukhetho olunolwazi kunye nokwazisa umsebenzisi ukuba i-firmware ekhoyo yamahhala ixhasa i-hardware yangoku kunye nokuba kukho iiprojekthi zokwenza i-firmware yamahhala yezixhobo ezikhoyo. Kwinqanaba lokuqalisa, kucetywa kwakhona ukongeza useto ukukhubaza ipakethe ene-firmware engekho simahla.

umthombo: opennet.ru