Ukuvuselela ingqondo yombane kwanceda inkumbulo yabantu abadala ukuba ibambene nabantu abancinci

Ukusuka kunyango lokudakumba ukuya ekunciphiseni iziphumo zesifo sikaParkinson kunye nokuvusa izigulana ezikwimeko yezityalo, ukuvuselela ubuchopho bombane kunamandla amakhulu. Olunye uphononongo olutsha lujolise ekubuyiseleni umva ukuhla kwengqondo ngokuphucula inkumbulo kunye nobuchule bokufunda. Uvavanyo olwenziwa ngabaphandi beYunivesithi yaseBoston lubonise indlela engasebenziyo enokubuyisela inkumbulo esebenzayo kubantu abadala abakwiminyaka yabo engama-70 ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba yayilungile njengaleyo yabantu abakwiminyaka yabo yama-20.

Izifundo ezininzi zokuvuselela ubuchopho zisebenzisa i-electrodes emiliselwe kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho ukuhambisa iimpembelelo zombane. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "nzulu" okanye "ngqo" ukuvuselela ingqondo kwaye ineenzuzo zayo ngenxa yokubeka ngokuchanekileyo umphumo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqaliswa kwee-electrodes kwingqondo akunakwenzeka, kwaye kuhambelana nje neengozi ezithile zokudumba okanye usulelo ukuba yonke imigangatho yokusebenza ayilandelwa.

Enye indlela yokuvuselela ngokungathanga ngqo kusetyenziswa indlela engasebenziyo (engeyiyo utyando) ngokusebenzisa i-electrode ebekwe phezu kwe-scalp, evumela ukuba loo manipulations nasekhaya. Le yindlela uRob Reinhart, isazi ngemithambo-luvo kwiYunivesithi yaseBoston, wagqiba kwelokuba ayisebenzise kwiinzame zokuphucula inkumbulo yabantu abadala, ethanda ukuba buthathaka ngokwabudala.

Ngokuthe ngqo, imifuniselo yakhe igxile ngokupheleleyo kwimemori yokusebenza, eluhlobo lwenkumbulo esebenzayo xa, umzekelo, sikhumbula ukuba masithenge ntoni kwivenkile yegrosari okanye sizame ukufumana izitshixo zethu zemoto. NgokukaReinhart, inkumbulo esebenzayo inokuqala ukwehla kwangoko kwiminyaka engama-30 njengoko iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho ziqala ukuphulukana nokunxibelelana kwazo kwaye zingahambelani kancinci. Xa sifikelela kwiminyaka engama-60 okanye engama-70 ubudala, oku kungahambelani kungakhokelela ekwehleni okubonakalayo kokusebenza kwengqondo.

Isazinzulu sifumene indlela yokubuyisela unxibelelwano lwe-neural eyonakeleyo. Indlela isekelwe kwizinto ezimbini zokusebenza kwengqondo. Eyokuqala “kukudityaniswa,” apho iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho zenziwa zisebenze ngokulandelelana okunikiweyo, njengeokhestra eculwe kakuhle. Eyesibini “lungqamaniso,” apho izingqisho ezicothayo ezaziwa ngokuba zizingqisho zetheta nezinxulunyaniswa nehippocampus zidityaniswa ngokufanelekileyo. Yomibini le misebenzi iyancipha ngokukhula kwaye ichaphazela ukusebenza kwememori.

Ngovavanyo lwakhe, u-Reinhart uqeshe iqela labantu abadala abancinci abakwiminyaka yabo yama-20, kunye neqela labantu abadala abakwi-60s kunye ne-70s. Iqela ngalinye kwakufuneka ligqibezele uthotho lwemisebenzi ethile ebandakanya ukubukela umfanekiso, ukunqumama, ukujonga umfanekiso wesibini, lize lisebenzise inkumbulo ukuchonga umahluko kuwo.

Ayimangalisi into yokuba iqela elincinane lovavanyo lenze ngcono kakhulu kunelidala. Kodwa emva koko u-Reinhart wafaka imizuzu engama-25 yokuvuselela ngobunono kwi-cerebral cortex yabantu abadala abadala, kunye ne-pulses elungiselelwe i-neural circuitry yesigulana ngasinye ukuze ifanise indawo ye-cortex ejongene nememori yokusebenza. Emva koku, amaqela aqhubeka nokugqiba imisebenzi, kwaye isithuba sokuchaneka komsebenzi phakathi kwabo sanyamalala. Umphumo wathatha ubuncinane imizuzu engama-50 emva kokuvuselela. Ngaphezu koko, uReinhart wafumanisa ukuba wakwazi ukuphucula umsebenzi wememori nakubantu abancinci abaqhuba kakubi kwimisebenzi.

UReinhart uthi: “Sifumanise ukuba izifundo ezikwiminyaka yabo yama-20 ebezinobunzima bokugqiba le misebenzi nazo zikwazile ukuxhamla kuvuselelo olufanayo. “Sikwazile ukuphucula inkumbulo yabo yokusebenza nokuba bebengekho ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 okanye engama-70 ubudala.”

UReinhart unethemba lokuqhubeka nokufunda indlela ukuvuselela ingqondo kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo yomntu, ngakumbi kwabo baphethwe sisifo sika-Alzheimer.

"Oku kuvula amathuba amatsha ophando kunye nonyango," utsho. "Kwaye sivuya kakhulu ngaloo nto."

Uphononongo lwapapashwa kwiphephancwadi Indalo Neuroscience.

umthombo: 3dnews.ru