Kwinqaku elandulelayo sithethe ngalo . Namhlanje sigqibe kwelokuba sigxininise kwifomathi ye-FictionBook2, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-FB2, kunye βnemlandeliβ wayo u-FB3.
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Inkangeleko yefomathi
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-90, abanomdla yenza iincwadi zaseSoviet zibe kwidijithali. Baguqulela baza balondoloza uncwadi ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Elinye lamathala eencwadi okuqala eRunet - - kusetyenziswe ifayile yombhalo efomathiweyo (TXT).
Ukhetho lwenziwe ngokuthanda kwayo ngenxa yokuchasana urhwaphilizo lwe-byte kunye nokuguquguquka-i-TXT ivula kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, yena ukusetyenzwa kolwazi olugciniweyo lwesicatshulwa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuya kumgca wewaka, imigca engama-999 eyandulelayo kwakufuneka iqwalaselwe. Iincwadi nazo kumaxwebhu eLizwi kunye nePDF - le yokugqibela kwakunzima ukuyiguqulela kwezinye iifomati, kwaye iikhompyuter ezibuthathaka zavulwa kwaye Amaxwebhu ePDF anolibaziseko.
I-HTML yayisetyenziselwa "ukugcina" uncwadi lwe-elektroniki. Yenze isalathiso, uguqulelo kwezinye iifomati, kunye nokudalwa koxwebhu (ithegi yokubhala) lula, kodwa yazisa ezayo iintsilelo. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo βΒ» umgangatho: ivumele inkululeko ethile xa ubhala iithegi. Ezinye zazo kwafuneka zivaliwe, ezinye (umzekelo, ) - kwakungekho mfuneko yokuyivala. Iithegi ngokwazo zinokuba nomyalelo wokuzalela ongekho mthethweni.
Kwaye nangona umsebenzi onjalo ngeefayile awuzange ukhuthazwe - amaxwebhu anjalo athathwa njengengalunganga - umgangatho ofunekayo abafundi ukuba bazame ukubonisa umxholo. Kulapho kwavela khona ubunzima, kuba kwisicelo ngasinye inkqubo βyokuqikelelaβ yaphunyezwa ngendlela yayo. Ngelo xesha, izixhobo zokufunda kunye nezicelo ezikhoyo kwimarike ngelo xesha ifomathi enye okanye ezimbini ezikhethekileyo. Ukuba incwadi yayifumaneka ngendlela enye, kwakufuneka ilungiswe ukuze ifundwe. Yayijoliswe ekusombululeni zonke ezi ntsilelo , okanye i-FB2, eyathatha βukuhlanganisaβ kokuqala kombhalo kunye nokuguqulwa.
Qaphela ukuba ifomathi yayinoguqulelo lwayo lokuqala - - nangona kunjalo, yayilingelo kuphela kwindalo, ayizange ihlale ixesha elide, okwangoku ayixhaswanga kwaye ayihambelani nomva. Ke ngoko, iFictionBook ihlala ithetha "umlandeli" wayo - ifomathi yeFB2.
I-FB2 yenziwe liqela labaphuhlisi elikhokelwa , ngubani umlawuli wezobugcisa wenkampani yeelitha, kunye noMikhail Matsnev, umdali weHaali Reader. Ifomathi isekwe kwi-XML, elawula umsebenzi kunye neethegi ezingavalwanga nezifakwe kwindlwane ngokungqongqo kune-HTML. Uxwebhu lwe-XML lukhatshwa yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-XML Schema. I-schema ye-XML yifayile ekhethekileyo equlethe zonke iithegi kwaye ichaza imigaqo yokusetyenziswa kwayo (ukulandelelana, ukuhlalisa, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuzikhethela, njl.). KwiFictionBook, umzobo ukwifayile FictionBook2.xsd. Umzekelo i-schema ye-XML inokufumaneka apha (isetyenziswa ziilitha ze-e-book store).
Ulwakhiwo lwamaxwebhu e-FB2
Okubhaliweyo kuxwebhu kwiithegi ezikhethekileyo - izinto zeentlobo zemihlathi: , Kwaye . Kukho kwakhona i-elementi , engenawo umxholo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukufaka izikhewu.
Onke amaxwebhu aqala ngethegi yengcambu , ngezantsi apho kunokuvela , , Kwaye .
Ithegi iqulathe amaphepha esimbo ukwenza lula uguqulo kwezinye iifomati. IN sebenzisa ikhowudi yobuxoki idatha enokufuneka ukunika uxwebhu.
Isiqalelo iqulethe yonke ingcaciso efunekayo malunga nencwadi: uhlobo lomsebenzi, uluhlu lwababhali (igama elipheleleyo, idilesi ye-imeyile kunye newebhusayithi), isihloko, ibhloko kunye namagama angundoqo, i-annotation. Inokuthi iqulethe ulwazi malunga neenguqu ezenziwe kuxwebhu kunye nolwazi malunga nomshicileli wencwadi ukuba ipapashwe ephepheni.
Yile nto inxalenye yebhloko ibonakala ngayo kwiFictionBook engeno lwe "Isifundo kwi-Scarlet" ngu-Arthur Conan Doyle, ethathwe kwi :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<FictionBook
>
<description>
<title-info>
<genre match="100">detective</genre>
<author>
<first-name>Arthur</first-name>
<middle-name>Conan</middle-name>
<last-name>Doyle</last-name>
</author>
<book-title>A Study in Scarlet</book-title>
<annotation>
</annotation>
<date value="1887-01-01">1887</date>
</title-info>
</description>
Eyona nto iphambili kuxwebhu lweFictionBook . Iqulethe umbhalo wencwadi ngokwayo. Kunokubakho ezininzi zezi thegi kulo lonke uxwebhu - iibhloko ezongezelelweyo zisetyenziselwa ukugcina imibhalo esemazantsi, izimvo kunye namanqaku.
I-FictionBook ikwabonelela ngeethegi ezininzi zokusebenza ngee-hyperlink. Zisekelwe kwingcaciso , iphuhliswe yi-consortium ngokukodwa ukwenza amakhonkco phakathi kwezibonelelo ezahlukeneyo kumaxwebhu e-XML.
Izinto ezilungileyo zefomathi
Umgangatho we-FB2 uquka kuphela ubuncinci obufunekayo beethegi (okwaneleyo "ukuyila" i-fiction), eyenza lula ukuqhutyelwa kwayo ngabafundi. Ngaphezu koko, kwimeko yokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo komfundi ngefomathi ye-FB, umsebenzisi unethuba lokwenza ngokwezifiso phantse zonke iiparitha zokubonisa.
Ulwakhiwo olungqongqo loxwebhu lukuvumela ukuba wenze ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yoguqulelo ukusuka kwifomati yeFB ukuya kuyo nayiphi na enye. Ulwakhiwo olufanayo lwenza kube lula ukusebenza kunye nezinto ezizimeleyo zamaxwebhu - ukuseta izihluzi ngababhali beencwadi, isihloko, uhlobo, njl. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ifomathi ye-FB2 ifumene ukuthandwa kwi-Runet, ibe ngumgangatho ongagqibekanga kwiilayibrari ze-elektroniki zaseRashiya kunye namathala eencwadi. kumazwe eCIS.
Ukungalungi kwifomathi
Ubulula befomathi ye-FB2 yinzuzo kunye nokungalunganga ngexesha elinye. Oku kunciphisa umsebenzi woyilo oluntsonkothileyo lokubhaliweyo (umzekelo, amanqaku eludinini). Ayinayo imizobo yevektha okanye inkxaso yoluhlu olunamanani. Ngenxa yesi sizathu ifomathi kwiincwadi zezifundo, iincwadi zereferensi kunye noncwadi lobugcisa (igama lefomathi lithetha ngale ncwadi yentsomi, okanye "incwadi yentsomi").
Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze ubonise ulwazi oluncinci malunga nencwadi - isihloko, umbhali kunye nekhava - inkqubo kufuneka iqhube phantse lonke uxwebhu lweXML. Oku kungenxa yokuba imetadata iza ekuqaleni kokubhaliweyo kwaye imifanekiso iza ekupheleni.
FB3 - uphuhliso lwefomathi
Ngenxa yokunyuka kweemfuno zokufomatha iitekisi zeencwadi (kwaye ukwenzela ukunciphisa ezinye zeentsilelo ze-FB2), uGribov waqala ukusebenza kwifomathi ye-FB3. Uphuhliso lwayeka kamva, kodwa ngo-2014 kwaba njalo .
Ngokutsho kwababhali, bafunde iimfuno zangempela xa bepapasha uncwadi lwezobugcisa, bajonge iincwadi zezifundo, iincwadi zereferensi, iincwadana zemigaqo kwaye bachaza isethi ekhethekileyo yeethegi eziza kuvumela nayiphi na incwadi ukuba iboniswe.
Kwingcaciso entsha, ifomathi ye-FictionBook yi-archive ye-zip apho imethadatha, imifanekiso kunye nombhalo zigcinwa njengeefayile ezahlukeneyo. Iimfuno zefomathi yefayile ye-zip kunye neengqungquthela zombutho wayo zichazwe kumgangatho , echaza Vula i-XML.
Uphuculo oluninzi lwenziwa olunxulumene nokufomatha (isithuba, ukukrwela umgca ngaphantsi) kwaye into entsha yongezwa - "ibhloko" - efomatha isiqwenga esingenasizathu sencwadi ngendlela ye-quadrangle kwaye inokufakwa kwisicatshulwa ngokusonga. Ngoku kukho inkxaso yoluhlu olunamanani kunye neebhulethi.
I-FB3 ihanjiswa phantsi kwelayisenisi yamahhala kwaye ivuleke umthombo, ngoko ke zonke izixhobo zifumaneka kubapapashi kunye nabasebenzisi: abaguquli, abahleli befu, abafundi. Okwangoku ifomathi, ΠΈ inokufumaneka kwindawo yokugcina iprojekthi yeGitHub.
Ngokubanzi, i-FictionBook3 ayikaxhaphakanga kakhulu kunomntakwabo omdala, kodwa amathala eencwadi amaninzi e-elektroniki sele ebonelela ngeencwadi ngolu hlobo. Kwaye iilitha kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo babhengeze injongo yabo yokudlulisela ikhathalogu yabo yonke kwifomathi entsha. Abanye abafundi sele bexhasa yonke imisebenzi eyimfuneko ye-FB3. Umzekelo, zonke iimodeli zangoku zabafundi be-ONYX zinokusebenza ngale fomati ngaphandle kwebhokisi, umzekelo, okanye .
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Ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kweFictionBook3 kuya kudala inkqubo yendalo ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo nangokufanelekileyo kunye nesicatshulwa kuso nasiphi na isixhobo esinezixhobo ezilinganiselweyo: umboniso omnyama nomhlophe okanye omncinci, imemori ephantsi, njl. Ngokutsho kwabaphuhlisi, incwadi xa ibekwe iya kuba yinto elula kangangoko kunokwenzeka kuyo nayiphi na imeko.
PS Sikuzisa kwiingxelo ezininzi zabafundi be-ONYX BOOX:
umthombo: www.habr.com