Isitofu sokugonya yindlela yokubonisa amajoni omzimba utyikityo lwesisongelo apho, kwimijikelo emininzi yoqeqesho, impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba iya kuphuhliswa.
Nawuphi na umlo womzimba ochasene nesifo esosulelayo ngumzamo wokuqonda utyikityo lwesongelo kunye nokuphuhlisa amanyathelo okuthintela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le nkqubo iqhutyelwa kude kube nesiphumo esipheleleyo sifezekiswe, oko kukuthi, de kube lula. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho izifo ezinokuthi:
- Babulala umkhosi ngokukhawuleza kunokuba impendulo ye-immune ingaphuhliswa.
- Batshintsha ngokukhawuleza kunokuba isistim somzimba sokuzivikela singakwazi "ukuqaphela" iintsholongwane.
- Bayazifihla kwaye bazimele kwiindawo apho kunzima kakhulu ukufikelela kwi-pathogen.
Ngoko ke, kwezinye iimeko kungcono ukulungiselela umthambo kwangaphambili. Ezi zizitofu zokugonya. Umhlali wasedolophini omdala ugonyelwe ezona zifo ziyingozi ebuntwaneni. Ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwezifo okanye xa umntu ebekwe kwindawo enobungozi, kunengqiqo ukufumana izitofu zokuthintela. Ukuhamba yenye yezi meko.
Masiqale sijongane nenkqubo yemfundo, emva koko siqhubele phambili nohambo kunye noluhlu lwezenzo.
Kutheni uhambo luyingozi?
Masithi ubhabhela ukuya eAfrika. Kukho umngcipheko owongeziweyo we-yellow fever apho. Isitofu sokugonya esilula siya kukubiza malunga ne-ruble ye-1 kubandakanywa ukuqeshwa komgqirha kunye neenkonzo zegumbi lonyango, isitofu sokugonya esiphakamileyo siya kuxabisa i-ruble ye-500. Akunakwenzeka ukunyanga i-yellow fever kunye namayeza akhethekileyo (oko kukuthi, unokugcina izixhobo zomzimba kuphela de uhlangabezane nazo ngokwazo), kulula ukugula, izinga lokufa li malunga ne-3%, i-vector ephambili yimiyane. Isitofu sokugonya phantse asinazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ngaba ugonyo lufanelekile? Mhlawumbi ewe. Kodwa kuxhomekeke kuwe.
Ke, ukuhamba kuxa ungekho kwindawo eqhelekileyo amajoni akho omzimba ayiqhelileyo. Emva kokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwaye ngenxa yokusabela kumawaka ezinto ezintsha zangaphandle, isiphithiphithi esincinci siqala ukulawula ukukhusela umzimba, kwaye uya kuba nzima ukumelana neentsholongwane. Kwaye, indawo entsha inokuqulatha iipathogens ezingekhoyo apho uhlala khona.
Okuchasayo kukwayinyaniso: unokuba ngumthwali wezifo ezisulelayo ezingekhoyo kwindawo okuyo ngoku. Kwaye ke abahlali bendawo baya kuba nethamsanqa.
Ugonyo lusebenza njani?
Kukho iintlobo ezi-4 eziphambili:
- Unokukhetha inguqu ebuthathaka yoxinzelelo lwe-pathogenic, olufana nokulwa kwangempela, kodwa alufaki isongelo kumzimba ophilileyo. Ezi zizitofu zokugonya inkukhu, umkhuhlane, i-yellow fever, njalo njalo. Le yeyona ndlela ilula yokufunda: "uqeqesho lweentshaba" lusebenza ngokuchasene ne-immune system.
- Unokwenza iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya zingasebenzi (umzekelo, ngokuzibeka kwindawo ye-formaldehyde) kwaye ubonise izidumbu zabo emzimbeni. Imizekelo yi-hepatitis A, i-encephalitis ezalwa ngamakhalane. I-immune system ifumana izidumbu zeentshaba kwindawo ethile emzimbeni kwaye iqala ukuziqeqesha ukuba ibulale ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kuba le "buzz" ngesizathu. Xa i-strain eqhelekileyo ingena emzimbeni, kuya kucaca ukuba yintoni enokuyenza ngayo ngokubanzi, kwaye impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba iya kukhethwa ngokukhawuleza ngokusekelwe kwidatha efunyenwe ngaphambili.
- Unokwazisa i-toxoids (iinguqulelo ezibuthathaka okanye ezilungisiweyo ze-microorganism toxins) - emva koko ukhuseleko lomzimba luya kufunda ukulwa nemiphumo yebhaktheriya, eya kunika ixesha elingakumbi lokuyila iindlela zokuchasana ngexesha losulelo. Kuvela ukuba iimpawu zesi sifo azikuchaphazeli, kwaye umzimba ngokuzola nangokuzola ujongana ne-pathogens, kwaye awukwazi nokuba babekho. Oku, umzekelo, i-tetanus.
- Yonke into entsha yodidi lwe "high-tech" i-modifiers ye-gene complexes (ukuze iprotheni ethile, ngaphezu komsebenzi oyintloko, iphinde inqumle i-DNA ye-pathogen, umzekelo), ugonyo lwe-molecular (xa umzimba unikezelwa. , eneneni, kunye ne-DNA / i-RNA isayinwe ngendlela ecocekileyo) kunye nokunye. Imizekelo yogonyo lwemolekyuli yi-hepatitis B (intsholongwane egqunyiweyo engenasiseko), i-human papillomavirus kunye ne-meningococcus.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba akukho nxibelelwano luthe ngqo phakathi kohlobo lwesitofu sokugonya kunye nemiphumo yalo. Unokucinga ukuba i-pathogen ephilayo yokwenyani inokuba yingozi ngakumbi kunogonyo lwemolekyuli, kodwa oku akuyonyani. Ugonyo olufanayo lwe-yellow fever luthathwa njengelona likhuselekileyo: amathuba okuba nemiphumo emibi kunzima kakhulu ukwahlula kwimpazamo yezibalo zendlela yokulinganisa.
Ziziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
Esona siganeko sixhaphakileyo kukungavisisani. Ngokomzekelo, isitofu sokugonya i-Hepatitis B sinokubangela ukungahambi kakuhle kwintlama yemvubelo. Kukwakho neempendulo ezintsonkothileyo, kodwa ngokubanzi ziyakwazi ukuguqulwa. Izibalo ezicokisekileyo ziqulunqwe kwiziphumo ezingenakuguquleka (ezinzima), kwaye isitofu sokugonya asivumelekanga ukuba sisetyenziswe ukuba umngcipheko othile kumntu osuka kwisifo esinakho konke ukusuleleka, ukudluliselwa, ukuphiliswa, njalo njalo kungaphantsi komngcipheko weengxaki. . Ukubeka nje, kuhlala kunengqiqo ukusebenzisa isitofu sokugonya xa kucetyiswa kummandla.
Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zibangelwa kukuba ukhulula intsholongwane ebuthathaka, ityhefu, inkunkuma yeemolekyuli kunye nezinye izinto eziphuma ngaphandle emzimbeni. Ukufundisa amajoni omzimba ukulwa, kufuneka uqale ukubetha kancinci. Uya kuphendula, kwaye ifanitshala nayo inokonakala. Kodwa yinxalenye eyimfuneko yoqeqesho lokuzikhusela.
Ngaba isitofu sokugonya sisebenza kuphela kuhlobo olunye?
Hayi ncma. Apha uthelekiso nohlalutyo lomsayino alulunganga ngandlelβ ithile. I-immune system yakha into efana ne-hash yokuqonda. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba ugonyelwe enye yeentlobo zomkhuhlane, ngoko ukuba usulelekile kwenye, impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba iya kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza. Oko kukuthi, kukho umngcipheko omncinci weengxaki, iimpawu ezincinci.
Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane ibonakala njengebhola ene-glycoprotein yomphezulu kunye neeproteni eziphuma kuyo. Ezona zibalulekileyo (i-hemagglutinin kunye ne-neuraminidase) zikhankanywa egameni loxinzelelo olufana ne-H1N1. Umkhuhlane unako ukuguqula enye yeeproteni kwaye ujike ube yi-H2N1. Emva koko ukuhlangana kuya kuba yinxalenye kwaye umzimba uya kusabela kancinci ngokusebenzayo. Kwaye "i-shift" ingenzeka xa zombini iiprotheni zitshintsha, umzekelo, kwi-H2N3. Emva koko kuya kufuneka uqonde isoyikiso phantse kwasekuqaleni.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba oku kubhekisela kwizitampu ezifanayo zesifo esifanayo. Kwimeko ye-meningitis, umzekelo, sithetha nge-pathogens ehluke ngokupheleleyo, kwaye izitofu ezahlukeneyo zikukhusela kwiiseti ezahlukeneyo ze-meningococci. Kwaye i-meningitis ngokwayo inokubangelwa ngamakhulu ezinye izizathu.
Oko kukuthi, ngokubanzi, isitofu sokugonya siqulethe enye okanye iintlobo ezininzi zohlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-pathogen. Kuyanceda ukuphuhlisa ukuxhathisa kubo kunye neenguqulelo zabo ezisondeleyo, kunye nokukhawulezisa ixesha lokuphendula kwiinguqulelo zabo ezikude kakhulu.
Yintoni omawuyenze phambi kohambo?
Inyathelo lokuqala kukujonga izindululo zelizwe kumsebenzisi womkhenkethi okanye kwenye indawo phambi kokuthenga itikiti. Ayisiyo memo ukuba i-arhente yokuhamba iya kukunika eyona ifanelekileyo, kodwa iingcebiso zangoku zeWorld Health Organisation. Iyavakala kwakhona ukujonga ingxelo yelizwe evela kwi-WHO efanayo: iphawula uqhambuko lwamva nje losulelo kunye neziphumo zalo. Qwalasela iimfuno zomqobo welizwe ekujoliswe kulo. Umzekelo, ukuba unenqwelomoya eqhagamshelayo e-Afrika, kungafuneka ukuba ugonyelwe intsholongwane yentsholongwane ethile kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya.
Kwezinye iimeko, awunakuvunyelwa kumazwe athile ngaphandle koxwebhu lokugonya - oku kufuneka kuhlolwe kwangaphambili. Oku kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ye-visa okanye imeko yangoku ye-epidemiological.
Enye indlela kukuya kugqirha kwaye uthethe naye. Kungcono ukuba ungahambi kwingcali yendawo, kodwa kwingcali yezifo ezosulelayo esibhedlele apho izigulana zilethwa zisuka kwiinqwelomoya. Iingcebiso zakhe ziya kusekelwe malunga nemithombo efanayo, kodwa ngelo xesha uya kuzitolika ngokuchanekileyo kwaye azisebenzise kwimeko yakho, ngokuqwalasela i-anamnesis eqokelelweyo. Kukho iingcali zokugonywa ngaphambi kokuhamba eMoscow, umzekelo, kwi-Martsinovsky Institute.
Ke, ufumene uluhlu lwezitofu ezinyanzelekileyo nezinqwenelekayo. Emva koko kukuwe ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba ulandele iingcebiso okanye hayi. Umzekelo, unokugqiba kwelokuba ukuba awuboni naziphi na izilwanyana endleleni, akukho mfuneko yokuba ufumane isitofu sokugonya umgada. Ilungelo lakho. Kodwa ndiyakukhumbuza: I-WHO yenza iingcebiso kubahambi ngokusekwe kumanani. Kwaye ukuba ichaza eyona nto ilungileyo yokwenza, ngoko kungcono ukuyenza.
Ndiza kuza kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kohambo, "buff up", kwaye yonke into iya kulunga?
No.
Okokuqala, ixesha lophuhliso lwe-antibody liqala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 (le yiseti yokuqala, mhlawumbi nangaphezulu).
Okwesibini, ezinye izitofu zinikezelwa kwiikhosi zamaxesha angama-2-3.
Okwesithathu, ayizizo zonke izitofu zokugonya ezidityanisiweyo kunye, oko kukuthi, akunakukwazi ukutofa wonke umntu ngaxeshanye.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ugonywe kwiiveki ezintathu phambi kohambo lwakho ukuba ufuna izinto ezimbalwa emzimbeni wakho, kunye neenyanga ezintandathu kwangaphambili ukuba olu lutyelelo lwakho lokuqala kwilizwe elitshisayo.
Nali iphepha lengcebiso le-WHO (akukho ndawo ziyingozi endleleni):
Kuhle kakhulu ukujonga ugonyo kwicandelo le-consular yoMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle. Uluhlu olupheleleyo Apha. Apho unokubona nezinye iimpawu zelizwe.
Umzekelo, apha Ndifuna isitofu sokugonya ikholera.
Nantsi enye
Ngoko, ngaba kufuneka sizikhusele kuyo yonke le nto eRashiya?
Ewe. Nika ingqalelo kumanqaku kunye nee-vectors. Ukuba awunayo isitofu sokugonywa kwe-encephalitis yaseJapan eMoscow, ngoko kulungile. Iindawo ezifikeleleke kakhulu zendalo ziseVladivostok, kwaye kungekhona minyaka yonke. Kodwa ukuba uhamba ukuya eVladivostok, kufuneka ucinge ngayo. Enyanisweni, ulwazi kwi-Russian Federation kwiwebhusayithi ye-WHO ayichanekanga kakhulu, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo idatha inikezelwa kwilizwe eline-biomes enye okanye ezimbini. Sinelizwe elinempilo kakhulu, ngoko ke isethi yeBaikal iya kwahluka kwiseti yaseKrasnodar okanye eArkhangelsk.
Yintoni kanye onokuyenza ukuze usinde eRashiya kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokhenketho. Ukuba uya kuhlala kumbindi weMoscow, ngoko kwanele ukuba ugonywe kumkhuhlane kwaye "uhlaziye" izitofu zakho zobuntwana ngexesha. Ukuba uhamba kwi-taiga okanye uhamba nge-kayaking, ngokuqinisekileyo ufuna ugonyo oluchasene ne-encephalitis ethwalwa ngamakhala. Ukuba uya kuchitha ixesha elininzi kunye nezilwanyana okanye uye emiqolombeni - ukusuka kwi-rabies (amalulwane athwala). Ewe, ukuba uhamba ukuya emazantsi okanye kwidolophana ngaphandle kwenkqubo yogutyulo, ngoko usuka kwi-hepatitis A. Ewe, malunga ne-hepatitis B iluncedo kwimeko yoncedo kwikliniki yezigulane ezisemaphandleni, ukusika kwi-salon ye-nail, amazinyo ecaleni indlela, okanye utofelo-gazi ngesiquphe. Wawa, wakhubeka, wavuka - ihepatitis B.
Ngaba izitofu zokugonya zihlala ngonaphakade?
Hayi. Abanye bakuvumela ukuba uhlakulele i-immunity ubomi bonke, abanye bahlala ixesha elide (umzekelo, i-diphtheria - iminyaka eyi-10), abanye baphila ixesha elifutshane kakhulu (i-encephalitis yaseJapan - iminyaka eyi-1). Emva koko ukusebenza kwezilwa-buhlungu kunye nemveliso yazo iyehla kancinci.
Oku kuthetha ukuba luluvo olulungileyo ukuqala ngokuhlaziya into oyiphosileyo, emva koko wongeze izinto ezisisiseko "ezihlala ixesha elide", kwaye emva koko ugonywe ngaphambi kohambo oluyingozi.
Ngoko ke kufuneka senze ntoni?
Qala kanye apha kwaye ngoku ngokuhlaziya i-anti-virus yedatha yakho. Ngokukodwa, khangela isethi yakho yonke yogonyo lobuntwana. Yiya kugqirha wakho kwaye umcele ukuba akuxelele ukuba loluphi ugonyo olulahlekileyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka uhlaziye i-tetanus (le yiseti ye-pathogens ezintathu kwisitofu sokugonya esinye) - oku kanye emva kweminyaka eyi-10. Okunokwenzeka kukuba, olunye ugonyo lwakho lobuntwana nalo luphelile.
Ngendlela, ukujonga umphumo wesitofu sokugonya kulula: kwiimeko ezininzi, unokuvavanya i-antibodies ethile kwaye ubone ukuba ukhuseleko lusasebenza na. Ngugqirha kuphela omele amisele uvavanyo, kuba kukho iinguqulelo "zangoku" ze-antibodies, kwaye kukho "ixesha elide". Unomdla kowokugqibela.
Emva koko yongeza izitofu ezicwangcisiweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zi-hepatitis A kunye ne-B, i-papillomavirus yabantu.
Ukuba uhlala uhamba kwimimandla ethile (okanye uqinisekile ukuba ulapho kwiminyaka ezayo), jonga ugonyo lwexesha elide olufana ne-yellow fever kunye ne-typhoid fever.
Kwaye kuphela emva koko usebenze kwiingcebiso ze-WHO, iSebe leMicimbi yezaNgaphandle okanye ugqirha ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.
Yintoni ekhuthazwa kakhulu kumntu omdala ukusuka kwiseti?
- Ukukhohlela, i-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus - ukuhlaziya kanye kwiminyaka eyi-10 kumntu omdala. Iluncedo eRashiya nakuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni.
- I-Hepatitis A - ukugonywa ubomi bonke emva kwekhosi.
- I-Hepatitis B bubomi bonke emva kwekhosi (kodwa i-titers kufuneka ihlolwe emva kweminyaka eyi-10).
- Imasisi, irubella, uqwilikana-uhlaziyo kanye emva kweminyaka eli-10 kumntu omdala.
- Irhashalala kukukhuseleka ubomi bonke emva kwekhosi okanye isigulo esithwaxwa ebuntwaneni.
- I-Poliomyelitis - i-immunity engapheliyo emva kwekhosi.
- Usulelo lwe-meningococcal luhlala ubomi bonke ukuba uthe wagonywa ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5.
- I-papillomavirus yabantu - kanye emva kweminyaka eyi-15 (abanye abantu banokukhuseleka ubomi bonke, bahlaziye emva kokujonga i-titer).
- I-encephalitis ye-tick-borne - yonke iminyaka emi-3, ukuba uthanda ukuhlala emlilweni eRashiya.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza yonke into ngexesha elinye?
Hayi. Ngomjikelo omnye unokufumana izitofu ezi-1-3, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ulinde inyanga ngaphambi kokulandelayo.
Ezinye izitofu zidityanisiwe, ezinye azidityaniswanga. Izitofu zokugonya eziphilayo azidli ngokunikwa kwangolo suku olunye. I-Genetically modified inokuthi inikwe ngobuninzi, kodwa ingabikho ngaphezu kwezitofu ezintathu ngosuku, ukwenzela ukuba unganyusi umthwalo emzimbeni.
I-BCG, izitofu zokugonya i-yellow fever kunye nesitofu sokugonya umgada (nxamnye nomgada) - ezi zidla ngokunganikezelwa kunye nolunye ugonyo okanye enye kwenye.
Olunye ugonyo alunakunikwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Oku kusebenza kwizitofu zokugonya imasisi, irubella, uqwilikana kunye nerhashalala equlethe iintsholongwane eziphilayo ezithomalalisayo.
Uninzi lwezitofu zokugonya zabantwana kunye nabantu abadala zohluka kuphela kumthamo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba utofwe ngabantwana ababini endaweni yomntu omdala, oku kuqhelekile kwiimeko ezininzi. Ibala njengenye.
Akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa kakubi amayeza okugonya nawo. Landela kuphela iingcebiso ezinengqiqo, musa ukutofa yonke into. Amandla okhuselo lomzimba alunasiphelo, kwaye uqeqesho oluninzi lusenokungabi ngumbono olungileyo. Ukuba uyathandabuza, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.
Ngaba kukho izifo ezinokukhuselwa ngaphandle kwesitofu sokugonya?
Ewe. Akukho sitofu sokugonya isifo seengcongconi, ngoko kukho iindlela ezimbini onokukhetha kuzo - nokuba uthathe iprophylaxis, okanye ufumane unyango xa sele ugula. Ewe, mhlawumbi uzitshise ngesithinteli seengcongconi rhoqo ngeyure kwaye ukholelwe ukuba uya kuba nethamsanqa.
Ngokukodwa kwimeko ye-malaria, jonga i-pathogens ethile kummandla wokuhamba: ezinye ziphathwa ngaphandle kweengxaki, ezinye azikho. Abo bangekhoyo: kunokuvela ukuba kungcono ukuthatha i-prophylaxis kwaye ihlupheke kwimiphumo yayo (ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ayilungile kakhulu). Apho kungekho pathogens ezinjalo, kunokuba ngcono ukuthatha ithuba kwaye uzitshize ngesitshizi. Uyagqiba. Xa kungekho kuqhambuka, ezi zingcebiso nje.
Njengenyathelo lothintelo, ungazithatha iipilisi ukunqanda ukosulelwa yi-HIV, kodwa siyathemba ukuba awuzidingi ngenene iihambo ezilolo hlobo.
Kukwacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ube nekiti yoncedo lokuqala kunye nawe, ukuze ukuba ubambe usulelo lwamathumbu okanye iintshulube, ukhwekhwe okanye nayiphi na iprotozoa, uya kuba nento yokunceda. Kungcono ukuyicwangcisa kunye nengcali efanayo eya kukumisela isitofu sokugonya phambi kohambo. Okanye nogqirha wakho.
Kunokwenzeka nini kwaye ungagonywa nini?
Kukho contraindications. Ngokubanzi, ukuba unomkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, awudingi ukuya kugqirha ukugonywa phakathi kwengqele. Kodwa ubushushu obufanayo be-39 kunye nezinye iimpawu zesifo azisoloko ziphazamisa ukufumana isitofu sokugonya. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi kubantwana abadla ngokugula. Ngoko ke, hlala udibana nogqirha wakho kwaye ungafihli zonke iimeko zakho kunye nokuxilongwa okungapheliyo.
Unokufunda imizekelo ye-contraindications .
Zimbalwa kakhulu izithintelo ezisebenzayo zokungagonywa. Umzekelo, kwizitofu zogonyo oluphilayo olu lusulelo lwe-HIV kunye nezinye iintlobo zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamajoni omzimba.
Kwimeko yezifo ezingapheliyo, uluhlu lwezitofu lunokuba lubanzi kunexesha eliqhelekileyo ngenxa yokwanda kweengozi ezithile. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka ujonge i-contraindications yogonyo oluthile. Konke oku kuya kuhlolwa ngugqirha kwi-aphoyintimenti yokuthintela ngaphambi kokugonywa esibhedlele.
Ngaba ndingagonywa phesheya ngaphambi kolunye uhambo?
Ewe. Ngaphezu koko, ungathenga isitofu sokugonya kwindawo ethile ekhemesti apha okanye phesheya kwaye usizise kwisibhedlele sakho ukuze bakunike amaxwebhu malunga nalo. Oku kufanelekileyo xa isitofu sokugonya esifunekayo singafumaneki kwizibhedlele kwisixeko sakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga iimfuno zococeko zesibhedlele zokuthutha isitofu sokugonya phambi kotyando olunjalo.
Kukho izitofu ezahlukeneyo zokugonya izifo endizidingayo. Yiyiphi onokuyikhetha?
Olona khetho lulula luphakathi kwexabiso eliphantsi nelibiza kakhulu. Njengomthetho, eyona nto ibiza kakhulu inomgaqo ohlukeneyo wokungasebenzi kwe-pathogen, okanye ilayibrari enkulu yeengxaki, okanye kukho enye into eyandisa ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba nemiphumo emibi.
Xa kukho izitofu ezininzi kwaye zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kungcono ukudibana nogqirha okanye, njengendlela yokugqibela, sebenzisa "inketho ehlala ikhona".
Ndibuyile andiziva kakuhle...
Kungcono ukuya kwindawo apho banokuqinisekisa ukuba akusiyo intsholongwane yaseRashiya, kuba umgqirha wendawo unokudideka iintsuku ezimbalwa, eziya kuba nefuthe elibi kwi-prognosis yesifo. Oko kukuthi, kungcono ukuhamba (okanye uthathe i-ambulensi) kwisibhedlele sezifo ezithathelwanayo. Qiniseka ukuba uyabaxelela oogqirha ukuba uphi kwaye wenze ntoni na (umzekelo, wazama inyama ekrwada ngokweendlela zokupheka zasekuhlaleni, waphulula amalulwane amahle, wancamisa indlulamthi). Okunokwenzeka kukuba, utyhefe okanye unomkhuhlane, kodwa baya kukukhangela nantoni na ehambelana neempawu zakho - ukusuka kwidengue ukuya kwimalariya. Ezi ziimvavanyo ezininzi. Kuya kuba koyikeka kancinci ukubona abantu bethoba ngequbuliso iimaski zabo ebusweni babo, kodwa ayizukuba buhlungu kakhulu kwaye ayizukuhlala ixesha elide. Le yimithetho kwiRussian Federation, kwaye, ngokubanzi, oku kukulungele ukusinda kwakho.
Kuya kwenzeka ntoni kubakhweli benqwelo-moya ebebhabha kuyo umguli?
Ukuba uyagula, kufuneka uqale uqonde ukuba kutheni. Ezinye izenzo zixhomekeke kusulelo. Ukuba yayiyi-malaria, ngoko ngaphandle kobukho beengcongconi ebhodini akunakwenzeka ukuba uyidlulisele (ngaphandle kokuba nonke nisebhodini nigalela igazi komnye nomnye, kodwa ke kuya kufuneka uqale udibane nodokotela wengqondo). Kuyafana nakwidengue, zika, chikungunya kunye necesina emthubi. Kodwa ukuba yimasisi okanye isifo se-meningococcal, yonke into iyahluka, kwaye amanyathelo anokuthathwa. Ugqirha uya kwazisa i-Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Authority (Rospotrebnadzor), kwaye emva koko baya kwazisa wonke umntu kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okukhusela kwi-biothreat.
Ndafunda yonke into, ndayiqonda kwaye ndifuna ukugonywa ngaphambi kohambo lwam kwinyanga. Yenziwa njani?
Fowunela isibhedlele sakho ubuze ukuba isitofu sokugonya siyafumaneka na kwi-pathogen onomdla kuyo. Yitya? Yitsho ukuba uyamfuna. Uya kwenza idinga kunye nonyango, emva koko uya kukuvavanya, abuze ngeenxa zonke, kwaye ukuba akukho zichaso, uya kukuthumela kwigumbi lonyango. Apho uya kufumana isitofu sokugonya (ukudubula egxalabeni, umzekelo), ngoko baya kukufundela uluhlu lweempawu zokubeka iliso kwimini ezayo. Emva koko hlala isiqingatha seyure phambi komgqirha okanye igumbi lonyango. Kwisiqingatha seyure, ugqirha uya kuphuma, qiniseka ukuba awukho kwi-anaphylactic shock, kwaye akuthumele ekhaya. Ukuba ibiyinaliti, ngoko awuyi kukwazi ukuyifumana imanzi okanye ukuyikrwempa kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukuba isibhedlele sakho asinalo isitofu sokugonya, fowunela kwesilandelayo esikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba, le yinkonzo ehlawulwayo, ngoko akunandaba nokuba uyifumana phi. Into kuphela kukuba, ungalibali ukuthatha amaphepha okugonya - kungcono ukufaka iikopi zabo kunye nedossier yakho kwisibhedlele esikhulu.
Ngamanye amaxesha amaxwebhu kufuneka agcinelwe uhambo. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokugonywa kwe-yellow fever, baya kukunika incwadi ekhethekileyo ekufuneka uhambe nayo ukuya ePanama. Ngaphandle koko, uya kuvunyelwa ngaphakathi elizweni ubuninzi beeyure ezili-12.
Enkosi ngengcebiso yakho kugqirha wetropiki uVictoria Valikova, umseki wezempilo noNcedo lwekliniki yamavolontiya ΠΈ . Ukuba unomdla kwiklinikhi yakhe - .
Kwaye nalu olunye ushicilelo "Tutu.Tours" kunye ne "Tutu.Adventures": , .
umthombo: www.habr.com