Ngexesha lokugqibela thina kwilabhoratri yezixhobo ze-optoelectronic. Imyuziyam ye-ITMO yeYunivesithi ye-Optics - imiboniso kunye nokufakelwa kwayo - sisihloko sebali lanamhlanje.
Qaphela: kukho iifoto ezininzi phantsi kokusikwa.
Imyuziyam ayizange yakhiwe kwangoko
yimyuziyam yokuqala esebenzisanayo ... Yena kwisakhiwo kwisiqithi saseVasilievsky, apho i-State Optical Institute yayikhona ngaphambili. Imbali yemyuziyam ngo-2007, xa ukubuyiselwa kwezakhiwo kwi-Birzhevaya Line kwakuqhubeka. Abasebenzi baseyunivesithi babejongene nombuzo: yintoni emayibeke kumagumbi akwimigangatho yokuqala.
Ngelo xesha ulwalathiso lwalukhula edutainment ΠΈ , Unjingalwazi kwi-Faculty of Physics and Technology, wacebisa ukuba uMlawuli uVladimir Vasiliev enze umboniso oza kubonisa abantwana ukuba i-optics inomdla. Ekuqaleni, imyuziyam yanceda iDyunivesithi ukuba isombulule umba wesikhokelo somsebenzi kwaye yatsalela abantwana besikolo kumaziko akhethekileyo. Ekuqaleni, kuphela iihambo zamaqela ezazibanjwa ngokuqeshwa, ngakumbi kumabakala 8β11.
Kamva, iqela lemyuziyam lagqiba ekubeni liququzelele umboniso omkhulu wesayensi owaziwayo, uMlingo wokuKhanya, kumntu wonke. Yavulwa okokuqala ngo-2015 kwindawo engaphezulu kwewaka leemitha zesikwere. iimitha.
Inkcazo yeMyuziyam: yezemfundo neyembali
Inxalenye yokuqala yomboniso yazisa iindwendwe kwimbali ye-optics kunye neentetho malunga nophuhliso lweteknoloji ye-holographic yanamhlanje. I-Holography yitekhnoloji ekuvumela ukuba uphinde uvelise imifanekiso enemigangatho emithathu yezinto ezahlukeneyo. Kumboniso unokubukela ifilimu emfutshane efundisayo echaza ngesiseko somzimba wento eyenzekayo.
Into yokuqala ebonwa ngabatyeleli ziitafile ezimbini apho kukho i-mock-ups yesekethe yokurekhoda yehologram. Imizekelo ekhethiweyo yincinci yesikhumbuzo sikaPeter I ngehashe kunye nonodoli we-matryoshka.
Nge-laser eluhlaza - yakudala , ngoncedo apho izazinzulu zafumana ihologram yokuqala yokuhambisa i-volumetric ngo-1962.
Ngelaser ebomvu - umzobo wesazi saseRashiya uYuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk. Ilaser ayifuneki ukujonga ezo hologram. Zibonakala ngokukhanya okumhlophe okuqhelekileyo. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yomboniso inikezelwe inxalenye yeholographic. Emva koko, kwakule sakhiwo apho uYu. N. Denisyuk wafumanisa khona waza wahlanganisa ukufakwa kwakhe kokuqala kokurekhoda iihologram.
Namhlanje icebo likaDenisyuk lisetyenziswa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ngoncedo lwayo, iihologram ze-analog zirekhodwa ezingabonakaliyo kwizinto zangempela - "optoclones". Kwiholo yokuqala yemyuziyam kukho iibhokisi kunye amaqanda ePasika adumileyo kaCarl Faberge kunye nobutyebi beDayimane Fund.
Kwifoto: iikopi zeholographic "Β»,Β«"kunye nemihombiso"Β»
Ukongeza kwii-analogue, imyuziyam yethu ikwanazo neehologram zedijithali. Zenziwe kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ze-3D zemodeli kunye nobuchwepheshe belaser. Ngokusekwe kwiifoto zento okanye ividiyo (enokuthi ithathwe kusetyenziswa iidrones), imodeli yayo iphuhliswa kwikhompyuter. Emva koko, iguqulwa ibe yipatheni yokuphazamiseka kwaye idluliselwe kwifilimu yepolymer usebenzisa i-laser.
Ezo hologram ziprintwa kusetyenziswa iiholoprinter ezikhethekileyo zisebenzisa i-laser yemibala eluhlaza, ebomvu kunye neluhlaza (kuncinci malunga nomsebenzi wabo. ).
Phakathi kweehologram zedijithali zemyuziyam eyenziwe liqela leYunivesithi, umntu unokuqaphela imizekelo ye-Alexander Nevsky Lavra kunye ne-Naval Cathedral e-Kronstadt.
Iihologram zedijithali nazo ziza kwiindidi ezine-angle-zibandakanya imifanekiso emine eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba uhamba ngehologram enjalo, imifanekiso iya kuqala ukutshintsha.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndlela yokurekhoda iihologram ayikafumani ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yeendleko zezixhobo zokushicilela. Akukho holoprinters eRashiya, ngoko iMyuziyam yethu ibonisa iihologram ezenziwe eMelika naseLatvia, umzekelo imephu yeNtaba yeAthos.
Kwifoto: Imephu yeNtaba iAthos
Iholo yesibini yemyuziyam nayo inikezelwe ngokuyinxenye kwiholografi. Ukubonakala kwayo ngokubanzi kuboniswe kwisithombe esingezantsi.
Kwifoto: Iholo enehologram
Eli gumbi libonisa "i-holographic portrait" ka-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Le yenye yeehologram ezinkulu kwiglasi, kwaye kwisikali yinkokeli phakathi kweehologram ze-analog.
Kukwakho nesitendi esinomzobo weholographic weYu.N. UDenisyuk ngebali malunga nobomi besazinzulu kunye nokufumanisa kwakhe. Kukho ihologram enezakhelo zepowusta yefilimu ethi "Ndilintsomi".
Eli gumbi liqulethe iihologram zezinto ezivela kwiimyuziyam ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni jikelele, umzekelo evela kwiMyuziyam yaseRashiya ye-Ethnography.
Ngasekhohlo kwe-bust yePushkin kukho isibane esibekwe kwimeko ecacileyo. Nangona lo mboniso ubonakala usisibane nje xa uqala ukuwujonga. Ngaphakathi kukho i-impeller enamacangca amhlophe namnyama. Ukuba uvula i-spotlight kwaye uyikhanyise kwi-impeller, iya kuqala ukujikeleza.
Lo mboniso ubizwa ngokuba yiCrookes Radiometer.
Nganye kwezine iincakuba inecala elimnyama nelikhanyayo. Ubumnyama - butshisa ngaphezu kokukhanya (ngenxa yeempawu zokufunxa ukukhanya). Ke ngoko, iimolekyuli zerhasi ezikwiflaski zigqabhuka zisuka kwicala elimnyama leblade ngesantya esiphezulu kuneso sisuka kwicala lokukhanya. Ngenxa yoku, iblade ejongene nomthombo wokukhanya enecala elimnyama ifumana impembelelo enkulu.
Inxalenye yesibini yeholo inikezelwe kwimbali ye-optics: ukuphuhliswa kweefoto kunye nokuveliswa kweeglasi, imbali yokubonakala kwezibuko kunye nezibane.
Kwindawo yokumisa ungafumana inani elikhulu lezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zamehlo: iimicroscopes, "", iikhamera zakudala kunye neeglasi zakudala. Ngethuba lokutyelela unokufunda imbali yokubonakala kwezibuko zokuqala ezenziwe nge-obsidian, ubhedu kwaye, ekugqibeleni, iglasi. Icala lokubonisa libonisa isibuko sokwenyani seVenetian convex, esenziwe kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji yenkulungwane ye-17. Kwaye ubhedu "isibuko somlingo" (ukuba ubhekise ilanga, kunye ne "bunny" ebonakalisiweyo eludongeni olumhlophe, ngoko umfanekiso ovela ngasemva kwesibuko uya kubonakala kuwo).
Kwigumbi elinye kukho ingqokelela yeekhamera. Lo mboniso wenza kube lula ukulandela uphuhliso lwabo ukusuka - inzala yekhamera - ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Kwifoto: Ukuqokelelwa kwekhamera
Amatyala omboniso ahlala iikhamera ezineentsimbi ezigoqayo kunye neekopi zePontiac MFAP, eziveliswe ukusuka kwi-1941 ukuya kwi-1948, kunye ne-AGFA BILLY evela kwi-1928. Phakathi kwezixhobo ezibonisiweyo ungafumana ""yikhamera yokuqala yeSoviet enkulu, eyenziwe ngesiseko seyona modeli iphumelele kakhulu yaseNtshona. Kwi-USSR yaveliswa de kwangowe-1941.
Kwifoto: Ukusonga ikhamera «»
Ukuba uya kwiholo elandelayo yemyuziyam, unokubona ukukhanya okukhulu kunye nelungu lomculo. "Isixhobo" sineeglasi ezikhethekileyo ze-144 zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu - . Akukho ingqokelela enjalo naphi na emhlabeni ngokobungakanani bebhloko yeglasi kunye nokugqibelela komboniso. Kwaqala ukuqokelelwa emva kwi-USSR ukwenzela ukuba kuqhutywe impumelelo yezazinzulu kwi-State Optical Institute, eyaphuhlisa iteknoloji yokuvelisa iglasi enganyangekiyo kwi-radiation.
Ngoku phantsi kwebhloko nganye yeglasi kukho umgca we-LED. Le migca ilawulwa ngabalawuli kunye nehabhu eqhagamshelwe kwikhompyuter yomntu. Ukuba udlala ingoma kwiPC, i-organ iya kuqala ukubetha ngemibala eyahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwisitshixo kunye nesandi sesandi. Inkqubo iqulethe ii-algorithms ezisibhozo zokuguqula isandi kumbala. Unokuvavanya ukusebenza kwenkqubo kule .
Ukuqhubekeka komboniso: inxalenye esebenzisanayo
Emva kokuqokelelwa kweglasi ye-optical kuza inxalenye yesibini yomboniso - i-interactive one. Uninzi lwemiboniso apha inako kwaye kufuneka ichukunyiswe. Inxalenye edibeneyo iqala ngokufunda imbali yophuhliso lwe-cinema kunye nombono we-3D.
, , iiphonotropes - zinika umbono wendlela izazinzulu zafunda ngayo iindlela zombono kunye nokwenziwa kolwazi. Uyakwazi ukubona umzekelo wephonotrope kwisithombe esingezantsi. Umgaqo wokusebenza usekelwe kwi-inertia yombono. Into esingakwaziyo ukuyibona ngeso, kuba umfanekiso umnyama, ubonakala ngokucacileyo ngekhamera ye-smartphone.
Kwisithombeni: iphonotrope - i-analogue yanamhlanje ye-zoetrope
Umfanekiso: Inkohliso yamehlo
Icinema ye-3D yanamhlanje ineengcambu zayo kwinkulungwane ye-3-i-stereoscope enamakhadi angaphambi kwenguqu ingakunceda uqinisekise oku. Kukho kwakhona isikrini se-XNUMXD esifakiwe, esingadingi iiglasi ezikhethekileyo ukujonga umfanekiso.
Kwifoto: i-antique stereoscope esuka kwi-1901
Kwiholo yemiboniso kukho itafile eneerula zokubhala kunye nezinye izinto ezicacileyo. Ukuba ujonga kuzo ngeefilitha ezikhethekileyo, ziya kuqhakaza ngayo yonke imibala yomnyama. Lo mcimbi ubizwa ngokuba .
Esi sisiphumo xa, phantsi kweempembelelo zokuxinzezeleka komatshini, imizimba ifumana i-refraction ephindwe kabini (ngenxa yesalathisi esahlukileyo sokukhanya). Yiyo loo nto kuvela iipateni zomnyama. Ngendlela, le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukujonga imithwalo ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloho kunye nokufakelwa.
Ifoto engezantsi ibonisa esinye isikrini esimhlophe esikhanyayo. Ukuba uyijonga ngeefilitha ezikhethekileyo, umfanekiso wenamba enemibala uya kuvela kuyo.
IYunivesithi ye-ITMO ihlala isebenzisa iiprojekthi ezidibeneyo kunye namagcisa abonisa imisebenzi yawo kwimyuziyam. Umzekelo, kwenye yeeholo ezisebenzisanayo kukho ukufakwa kwe-LED ""(I-Wave) sisiphumo "sentsebenziswano" yeengcali zaseyunivesithi kunye neqela leprojekthi yeSonicology. I-ideologist yeprojekthi yayingumculi weendaba kunye nomqambi uTaras Mashtalir.
Into yobugcisa be-Wave ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo weemitha ezimbini othi, usebenzisa izinzwa ezishukumayo, "ufunde" ukuziphatha kwababukeli kwaye uvelise ukuphendula okukhanyayo kunye nomculo.
Umfanekiso: Ufakelo lwamaza e-LED
Iholo elandelayo yalo mboniso iqulethe iimbono zesipili. I-Anamorphoses "i-decipher" imifanekiso engaqhelekanga kwaye iguqule ibe yimifanekiso eqondakalayo.
Okulandelayo ligumbi elimnyama elinezibane zeplasma. Unokuzichukumisa.
Uyakwazi ukuzoba eludongeni ngasekunene kwezibane ngethotshi; inengubo ekhethekileyo efakwe kuyo. Kwaye udonga oluchaseneyo alufumani ukukhanya, kodwa lubonakalisa. Ukuba uthatha ifoto ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yayo ngesibane, uya kufumana kuphela isithunzi kwiscreen sekhamera.
Iholo elingaphambili lomboniso ligumbi le-ultraviolet. Kumnyama kwaye kuzaliswe inani elikhulu lezinto ezikhanyayo. Ngokomzekelo, kukho imephu "ekhanyayo" yaseRashiya.
Kwifoto: Imephu yaseRashiya ipeyintwe ngepeyinti ekhanyayo
Umboniso wokugqibela yi "Magic Forest". Le yiholo yezibuko ezinemisonto ekhanyayo.
Kwifoto: "Ihlathi lomlingo"
"Okungapheli nokudlulayo"
Yonke imihla, abasebenzi bemyuziyam basebenza kwimiboniso emitsha kwaye baphucule esele ikho. Ukhenketho luqala rhoqo kwimizuzu engamashumi amabini. Uluhlu lweeklasi ezibalaseleyo zabantwana besikolo zikwavumela ukuba bafunde ikhosi ye-optics yesikolo ngendlela eyonwabisayo neqondakalayo.
Kwixesha elizayo, siceba ukwandisa inani lezinto zobugcisa ezisebenzisanayo kwiziko lolondolozo lwembali, kunye nokubamba iintetho-mfundiso kunye neendibano zocweyo kwisiseko sayo. Kuya kubakho indawo ye-VR kunye nophuhliso oluvela kwiprojekthi yeYunivesithi ye-ITMO "Β».
Siyathemba ukuba kuya kubakho iiprojekthi ezinjalo ezisebenzisanayo kunye nezemfundo, kwaye iMyuziyam ye-Optics kwiYunivesithi ye-ITMO iya kuba liziko lokubonisa amagcisa eendaba avela kwihlabathi lonke.
Amanye amanqaku avela kwibhlog yethu kuHabrΓ©:
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