Ngo-2001: I-Hacker Odyssey

Iibhloko ezimbini kwimpuma yeWashington Square Park, iSakhiwo seWarren Weaver simi sinoburhalarhume kwaye sijonge njengenqaba. Isebe lesayensi yekhompyuter yeYunivesithi yaseNew York lilapha. Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya kwimizi-mveliso idala umkhusane oqhubekayo womoya oshushu ojikeleze isakhiwo, ngokulinganayo ukutyhafisa oosomashishini ababhuqayo kunye neelofu ezizulazulayo. Ukuba undwendwe lusakwazi ukoyisa lo mgca wokuzikhusela, uyabuliswa sisithintelo esilandelayo esoyikekayo - idesika yolwamkelo kwindawo yokungena kuphela.

Emva kwekhawuntara yokungena, uburhalarhume be-atmosfera buyehla ngandlel’ ithile. Kodwa nalapha, undwendwe ngalo lonke ixesha ludibana neempawu ezilumkisa ngengozi yeengcango ezingatshixwanga kunye nokuvalwa komlilo. Kubonakala ngathi basikhumbuza ukuba alukho ukhuseleko olugqithiseleyo kunye nesilumkiso nakwixesha elizolileyo elaphela ngoSeptemba 11, 2001.

Yaye le miqondiso yahluke ngendlela ehlekisayo xa abaphulaphuli begcwalisa iholo engaphakathi. Abanye baba bantu bakhangeleka ngathi ngabafundi abasuka kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York edumileyo. Kodwa uninzi lwabo lujongeka ngakumbi njengesiqhelo esingathandekiyo kwiikonsathi kunye nemidlalo yeklabhu, ngokungathi bangene ekukhanyeni ngexesha lekhefu phakathi kwezenzo. Esi sihlwele se-motley sazalisa isakhiwo ngokukhawuleza ngale ntsasa kangangokuba unogada wasekuhlaleni wawangawangisa nje isandla sakhe waza wahlala phantsi ukuze abukele umboniso weRicki Lake kumabonwakude, enyusa amagxa akhe ngalo lonke ixesha iindwendwe ezingalindelekanga zajika zaya kuye ngemibuzo “ngentetho” ethile.

Akuba engenile eholweni, olu ndwendwe lubona kwaa le ndoda ingaqondanga yathumela inkqubo yokhuseleko enamandla yesakhiwo ukuba iqhube ngokugqithisileyo. Lo nguRichard Matthew Stallman, umseki weProjekthi ye-GNU, umseki weSiseko seSoftware yasimahla, ophumelele iMacArthur Fellowship ngo-1990, ophumelele iMbasa yeGrace Murray Hopper kwangaloo nyaka, umamkeli-mnye weBhaso le-Takeda lezoQoqosho kunye neNtlalo. Ukuphuculwa, kunye ne-AI Lab hacker nje. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwisibhengezo esithunyelwe kwiindawo ezininzi ze-hacker, kubandakanywa negosa I-portal yeprojekthi ye-GNU, uStallman wafika eManhattan, kwidolophu yakowabo, ukuba anike intetho ekudala ilindelwe ngokuchasene nephulo likaMicrosoft elichasene nelayisensi ye-GNU GPL.

Intetho kaStallman igxile kwixesha elidlulileyo kunye nekamva lentshukumo yesoftware yasimahla. Indawo ayizange ikhethwe ngamabona-ndenzile. Kwinyanga engaphambili, usekela mongameli omkhulu weMicrosoft Craig Mundy ungene kufutshane kakhulu, kwiSikolo soShishino kwiyunivesithi enye. Wayephawulwe ngentetho yakhe, eyayiquka uhlaselo kunye nezityholo ezichasene nelayisensi ye-GNU GPL. U-Richard Stallman udale le layisensi emva komshicileli we-Xerox laser kwiminyaka eli-16 eyadlulayo njengendlela yokulwa namaphepha-mvume kunye nezivumelwano ezigubungele ishishini lekhompyutha kwikhuselo elingangenekiyo lokufihla kunye nobunini. Undoqo we-GNU GPL kukuba idala uhlobo lukawonke-wonke lwepropati - into ngoku ebizwa ngokuba "yi-digital public domain" - isebenzisa amandla omthetho welungelo lokushicilela, okuyiyona nto ijoliswe kuyo. I-GPL yenze le ndlela yobunini ingenakuguqulwa kwaye ingenakohluthwa-ikhowudi xa kwabelwana ngayo noluntu ayinakuthatyathwa okanye isetyenziswe. Imisebenzi ephuma kuyo, ukuba isebenzisa ikhowudi ye-GPL, kufuneka ifumane eli phepha-mvume. Ngenxa yolu phawu, abagxeki be-GNU GPL bayibiza ngokuba "yintsholongwane", ngokungathi isebenza kuyo yonke inkqubo eyichukumisayo. .

UStallman uthi: “Ukuthelekiswa nentsholongwane kubi kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa neentyatyambo: ziyasasazeka ukuba uzityala ngenkuthalo.”

Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nelayisensi ye-GPL, ndwendwela Iwebhusayithi yeprojekthi yeGNU.

Kuqoqosho lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obuxhomekeke ngakumbi kwisoftware kwaye ibotshelelwa ngakumbi kwimigangatho yesoftware, iGPL iye yaba yintonga enkulu yokwenyani. Nkqu nezo nkampani beziyigculela ekuqaleni, beyibiza ngokuba “yi-socialism yesoftware,” zaqala ukuzibona iingenelo zale layisensi. I-Linux kernel, ephuhliswe ngumfundi waseFinland u-Linus Torvalds ngo-1991, inelayisensi phantsi kwe-GPL, njengoko uninzi lwamacandelo enkqubo: GNU Emacs, GNU Debugger, GNU GCC, njalo njalo. Ngokudibeneyo, la macandelo enza inkqubo yokusebenza ye-GNU/Linux yasimahla, ephuhliswe kwaye iphantsi koluntu lwehlabathi. Iingxilimbela zobuchwephesha obuphezulu ezifana ne-IBM, i-Hewlett-Packard kunye ne-Oracle, endaweni yokubona isofthiwe yamahhala ekhula rhoqo njengesongelo, isebenzise njengesiseko sezicelo zabo zorhwebo kunye neenkonzo. .

Isoftware yasimahla iye yaba sisixhobo sabo sobuchule kwimfazwe ethatha ixesha elide kunye neMicrosoft Corporation, elawula intengiso yesoftware yobuqu yekhompyuter ukusukela kwiminyaka yama-80s. Ngeyona nkqubo isebenzayo yedeskithophu-Windows-iMicrosoft imele ihlupheke kakhulu kwi-GPL kwishishini. Yonke inkqubo ebandakanyiweyo kwi-Windows ikhuselwe yi-copyright kunye ne-EULA, eyenza iifayile eziphunyeziweyo kunye nekhowudi yemvelaphi ibe ngabanini, ithintela abasebenzisi ekufundeni okanye ekuguquleni ikhowudi. Ukuba iMicrosoft ifuna ukusebenzisa ikhowudi yeGPL kwinkqubo yayo, kuya kufuneka ikhuphe ilayisensi yonke inkqubo phantsi kweGPL. Kwaye oku kuya kunika abakhuphisana neMicrosoft ithuba lokukopa iimveliso zayo, baziphucule kwaye bazithengise, ngaloo ndlela bejongela phantsi eyona siseko seshishini lenkampani - ukudibanisa abasebenzisi kwiimveliso zayo.

Kulapho inkxalabo kaMicrosoft malunga nokuxhaphaka kokwamkelwa kweGPL kushishino lukhula. Yiyo loo nto uMundy esanda kuhlasela i-GPL kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo kwintetho. (UMicrosoft akaliqapheli igama elithi "isoftware esimahla", ukhetha ukuhlasela igama elithi "umthombo ovulekileyo" njengoko kuxoxwe ngawo. Oku kwenziwa ukuze kushenxiswe ingqalelo yoluntu kude nentshukumo yesoftware esimahla kwaye iye kweyona ipolitiki.) Yiyo loo nto uRichard Stallman egqibe kwelokuba ayichase esidlangalaleni le ntetho namhlanje kule khampasi.

Iminyaka engamashumi amabini lixesha elide kushishino lwesoftware. Khawucinge nje: ngo-1980, xa uRichard Stallman waqalekisa umshicileli we-laser we-Xerox kwilebhu ye-AI, iMicrosoft yayingesiso isigebenga soshishino lwekhompyuter, yayisisiqalo esincinci sabucala. I-IBM yayingekabizi iPC yayo yokuqala okwangoku okanye iphazamise imarike yekhompyuter enexabiso eliphantsi. Kwakungekho teknoloji zininzi esizithatha kancinci namhlanje - i-Intanethi, umabonakude wesathelayithi, i-32-bit consoles yomdlalo. Oku kuyafana nakwiinkampani ezininzi ngoku "ezidlala kwiligi enkulu," njengeApple, iAmazon, iDell - mhlawumbi bezingekho kwindalo, okanye bezityhubela kumaxesha anzima. Imizekelo inokunikwa ixesha elide.

Phakathi kwabo baluxabisayo uphuhliso ngaphezu kwenkululeko, inkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo ngexeshana elifutshane ichazwa njengenxalenye yengxoxo zombini kunye ne-GNU GPL. Abaxhasi be-GPL babonisa ukufaneleka kwexesha elifutshane le-hardware yekhompyutha. Ukuthintela umngcipheko wokuthenga imveliso ephelelwe lixesha, abathengi bazama ukukhetha ezona nkampani zithembisayo. Ngenxa yoko, imarike iba yi-winner-take-all-arena. Imeko yesoftware yobunini, bathi, ikhokelela kubuzwilakhe bemonopoli kunye nokudodobala kwentengiso. Iinkampani ezityebileyo nezinamandla zinqumle ioksijini kubakhuphisana abancinci kunye nokuqalisa izinto ezintsha.

Abachasi babo bathetha into eyahlukileyo. Ngokutsho kwabo, ukuthengisa isoftware kuyingozi njengokuyivelisa, ukuba akunjalo. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko olusemthethweni olunikezelwa ziilayisensi zobunini, iinkampani aziyi kuba nenkuthazo yokuphuhlisa. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi "kwiinkqubo zokubulala" ezenza iimarike ezintsha ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kwakhona, ukudodobala kulawula kwimarike, izinto ezintsha ziyaphela. Njengoko u-Mundy ngokwakhe ephawula kwintetho yakhe, i-viral nature ye-GPL "ibeka ingozi" kuyo nayiphi na inkampani esebenzisa ukungafani kwemveliso yesofthiwe njengenzuzo yokukhuphisana.

Ikwajongela phantsi isiseko secandelo lesoftware ezimeleyo yorhwebo.
kuba eneneni yenza kube nzima ukusasaza isoftware ngokwemodeli
ukuthenga iimveliso, hayi ukuhlawula nje ukukopa.

Impumelelo yazo zombini i-GNU/Linux kunye neWindows kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo isixelela ukuba omabini amacala anento elungileyo. Kodwa uStallman kunye nabanye abaxhasi besoftware yasimahla bakholelwa ukuba lo ngumba wesibini. Batsho ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo ayiyompumelelo yesoftware yasimahla okanye esemthethweni, kodwa kunokuba ilungile.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba abadlali beshishini lesoftware babambe amaza. Nditsho nabavelisi abanamandla abafana noMicrosoft banika ingqwalasela enkulu ekuxhaseni abaphuhlisi beqela lesithathu abazicelo zabo, iiphakheji zobungcali kunye nemidlalo yenza iqonga leWindows libe nomtsalane kubathengi. Ecaphula ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentengiso yetekhnoloji kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, singasathethi ke ngempumelelo yenkampani yakhe kwangelo xesha linye, uMundy ucebise abaphulaphuli ukuba bangachukumiseki kakhulu yisoftware entsha yasimahla:

Amava eminyaka engamashumi amabini abonise ukuba imodeli yezoqoqosho ukuba
ikhusela ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, kunye nemodeli yoshishino leyo
ihlawula iindleko zophando kunye nophuhliso, inokudala
iinzuzo zoqoqosho ezichukumisayo kwaye zisasazwe ngokubanzi.

Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yawo onke la mazwi athethwe kwinyanga ephelileyo, uStallman uzilungiselela eyakhe intetho, emi eqongeni kubaphulaphuli.

Iminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo itshintshe ngokupheleleyo ihlabathi letekhnoloji ephezulu ukuba libengcono. URichard Stallman akatshintshi kangako ngeli xesha, kodwa ngaba kungcono? Ihambile i-skinny, i-hacker ecocekileyo echetyiweyo owake wachitha lonke ixesha lakhe phambi kwe-PDP-10 yakhe ethandekayo. Ngoku, endaweni yakhe, kukho indoda etyebe ngokugqithiseleyo, eneminyaka ephakathi eneenwele ezinde neendevu zikarabhi, indoda echitha lonke ixesha layo ithumela ii-imeyile, iluleka izinxulumani, yaye inikela iintetho ezinjengezi zanamhlanje. Enxibe isikipa esiluhlaza elwandle kunye nebhulukhwe yepolyester, uRichard ukhangeleka ngathi ngumhlali wasentlango osanda kuphuma kwisikhululo soMkhosi wosindiso.

Kukho abalandeli abaninzi beengcamango zikaStallman kunye nezinto ezithandayo kwisihlwele. Abaninzi beza neelaptops kunye neemodem zeselfowuni ukuze barekhode kwaye badlulisele amazwi kaStallman kubaphulaphuli abalindileyo be-Intanethi ngokusemandleni abo. Ubuni beendwendwe alulingani kakhulu, ngamadoda ali-15 kumntu ngamnye obhinqileyo, kunye nabasetyhini abaphethe izilwanyana ezixutywe - iiphengwini, i-Linux mascot esemthethweni, kunye neebhere ze-teddy.

Enexhala, uRichard uyehla eqongeni, ahlale esitulweni esikumqolo ongaphambili aze aqalise ukuchwetheza imiyalelo kwilaptop yakhe. Ke imizuzu eli-10 idlulile, kwaye uStallman akaqapheli nesihlwele esandayo sabafundi, oonjingalwazi kunye nabalandeli abahamba phambi kwakhe phakathi kwabaphulaphuli kunye neqonga.

Awunako ukuqalisa nje ukuthetha ungakhange uqale ulandele izithethe zokuhombisa zezifundo, ezinjengokwazisa ngokucokisekileyo isithethi kubaphulaphuli. Kodwa uStallman ukhangeleka ngathi akafanelanga nje enye, kodwa imisebenzi emibini. UMike Yuretsky, u-co-director weZiko loShishino leZiko lezoBugcisa obuPhakamileyo, wathatha eyokuqala.

“Omnye wemisebenzi yeyunivesithi kukukhuthaza iingxoxo-mpikiswano nokukhuthaza iingxoxo ezibangel’ umdla,” uqalisa uYuretski, “kwaye isemina yethu namhlanje ingqinelana ngokupheleleyo nalo msebenzi. Ngokombono wam, ingxoxo yomthombo ovulekileyo inomdla kakhulu. "

Ngaphambi kokuba uYuretski athethe elinye igama, uStallman uphakama aze afike kubude bakhe obupheleleyo namaza, njengomqhubi ovaleleke ecaleni kwendlela ngenxa yokonakala.

“Ndikwisoftware yasimahla,” utshilo uRichard ehleka kubaphulaphuli, "umthombo ovulekileyo uyindlela eyahlukileyo."

Ukuqhwatywa kwezandla kuphelisa intsini. Abaphulaphuli bagcwele abathathi-nxaxheba bakaStallman abalaziyo igama lakhe njengentshatsheli yolwimi oluchanekileyo, kunye nodumo lukaRichard oluphuma ngaphandle kunye nabameli bemithombo evulekileyo ngo-1998. Uninzi lwabo lwalulindele into enje, kanye njengoko abalandeli beenkwenkwezi ezinomsindo belindele ukutyikitya kwabo kwizithixo zabo.

U-Yuretsky ugqiba ngokukhawuleza isingeniso sakhe kwaye unika u-Edmond Schonberg, uprofesa kwisebe lesayensi yekhompyutha kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York. USchonberg ngumdwelisi wenkqubo kunye nelungu leprojekthi ye-GNU, kwaye uqhelene kakhulu nemephu yendawo yesigama semigodi. Ushwankathela ngobuchule uhambo lukaStallman ngokwembono yomdwelisi wenkqubo wale mihla.

"URichard ngumzekelo omhle womntu owathi, esebenza kwiingxaki ezincinci, waqala ukucinga ngengxaki enkulu-ingxaki yokungafumaneki kwekhowudi yomthombo," utsho uSchonberg, "wavelisa ifilosofi engaguqukiyo, phantsi kwempembelelo esathi sayichaza ngokutsha. indlela esicinga ngayo malunga nokuveliswa kwesoftware, malunga nepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda , malunga noluntu lophuhliso lwesoftware.

USchonberg ubulisa uStallman eqhwaba izandla. Ukhawuleza acime ilaptop yakhe, anyukele eqongeni aze abonakale phambi kwabaphulaphuli.

Ekuqaleni, ukusebenza kukaRichard kujongeka njengesenzo sokuma kunentetho yezopolitiko. “Ndifuna ukubulela uMicrosoft ngesizathu esivakalayo sokuthetha apha,” uqhula, “kwezi veki zidlulileyo ndiye ndaziva njengombhali wencwadi eyayivalwe ndaweni ithile njengenxalenye yocalucalulo.”

Ukuzisa abantu abangabaziyo ngokukhawuleza, uStallman uqhuba inkqubo emfutshane yokufundisa esekelwe kwimilinganiso. Uthelekisa inkqubo yekhompyutha neresiphi yokupheka. Zombini zibonelela ngemiyalelo yenyathelo ngenyathelo malunga nendlela yokufezekisa injongo oyifunayo. Zombini zinokutshintshwa ngokulula ukuze zihambelane neemeko okanye iminqweno yakho. UStallman uyacacisa: “Akuyomfuneko ukuba ulandele iresiphi ngokuthe ngqo, unokushiya ezinye izithako okanye wongeze amakhowa kuba nje uthanda amakhowa. Beka ityuwa encinci kuba ugqirha ukuxelele njalo-okanye nantoni na. "

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, ngokutsho kukaStallman, kukuba iinkqubo kunye neendlela zokupheka zilula kakhulu ukuhambisa. Ukwabelana ngeresiphi yesidlo sangokuhlwa kunye nondwendwe lwakho, konke okudingayo liphetshana kunye nemizuzu embalwa yexesha. Ukukopa iinkqubo zekhompyuter kufuna nangaphantsi-ucofa nje iqhosha lemouse kunye nombane omncinci. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, umntu ophayo ufumana ingenelo ephindiweyo: iqinisa ubuhlobo yaye yandisa amathuba okuba kwabelwane okufanayo naye.

URichard uhlabela mgama esithi: “Ngoku khawucinge ukuba zonke iiresiphi ziyibhokisi emnyama, akuzazi izithako ezisetyenziswayo, awukwazi ukutshintsha iresiphi uze wabelane nomhlobo ngayo. Ukuba wenza oku, uya kubizwa ngokuba yi-pirate kwaye uvalelwe entolongweni iminyaka emininzi. Ihlabathi elinjalo linokubangela ingqumbo enkulu kunye nokulahlwa kwabantu abathanda ukupheka nabaqhele ukwabelana nabanye ngeendlela zokupheka. Kodwa elo lihlabathi nje lesoftware yobunikazi. Ihlabathi apho ingqibelelo yoluntu yalelweyo necinezelwayo.”

Emva kwesi sifaniso siyintshayelelo, uStallman ubalisa ibali lomshicileli welaser weXerox. Kanye njengomzekeliso wokupheka, ibali lomshicileli sisixhobo esinamandla se-rhetorical. Njengomzekeliso, ibali lomshicileli onekamva libonisa ukuba izinto zinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kwihlabathi lesoftware. Ukubuyisela abaphulaphuli kwixesha elide ngaphambi kokucofa okukodwa kwi-Amazon, iinkqubo zeMicrosoft kunye nedatha ye-Oracle, uRichard uzama ukudlulisela kubaphulaphuli ukuba kwakunjani ukujongana neenkqubo ezazingekaqinisekiswa ngokuqinileyo phantsi kweelogo zenkampani.

Ibali likaStallman lenziwe ngononophelo kwaye likhazimliswe, njengengxoxo yokuvala yegqwetha lesithili enkundleni. Ukuza kwisiganeko seCarnegie Mellon, apho umphandi wenqaba ukwabelana ngekhowudi yomthombo womqhubi womshicileli, uRichard uyanqumama.

UStallman uthi: “Wasingcatsha, kungekhona thina kuphela. Mhlawumbi naye wakungcatsha.

Kwigama elithi “wena,” uStallman ukhomba umphulaphuli ongalindelanga phakathi kwabaphulaphuli. Uphakamisa amashiya akhe aze angcangcazele emangalisiwe, kodwa uRichard sele ekhangela elinye ixhoba phakathi kwesihlwele esigigithekayo esingcangcazelayo, emkhangela ngokucothayo nangabom. “Kwaye ndicinga ukuba mhlawumbi uyenzile nakuwe,” utsho esalatha kwindoda ekuluhlu lwesithathu.

Abaphulaphuli abasagigitheka, kodwa bahleka kakhulu. Kakade ke, isenzo sikaRichard sibonakala siyinto nje yemidlalo yeqonga. Nangona kunjalo, uStallman ugqiba ibali kunye nomshicileli we-laser weXerox ngenzondelelo yomboniso wokwenyani. URichard uqukumbela ngelithi: “Enyanisweni, uye wangcatsha abantu abaninzi ngakumbi kunabo bahleli phakathi kwaba baphulaphuli, singabala abo bazalwa emva kowe-1980,” uqukumbela ngelitshoyo uRichard, ebangela ukuhleka okungakumbi, “ngenxa nje yokuba wangcatsha lonke uluntu.”

Uphinda awucuthe lo mdlalo ngokuthi, “Uyenze le nto ngokutyikitya isivumelwano sokungadiza nto.”

Indaleko kaRichard Matthew Stallman ukusuka kwimfundo ephoxekileyo ukuya kwinkokeli yezopolitiko ithetha lukhulu. Malunga nomlingiswa wakhe onenkani kunye nentando echukumisayo. Malunga nombono wakhe wehlabathi ocacileyo kunye nemilinganiselo eyahlukileyo eyamncedayo wafumana intshukumo yasimahla yesoftware. Malunga nemigangatho yemfundo yakhe ephezulu kwiprogramu - yamvumela ukuba enze inani lezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwaye abe ngumfanekiso wehlelo kubadwelisi abaninzi. Enkosi kolu tshintsho, ukuthandwa kunye nefuthe le-GPL liye lakhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye olu tshintsho lusemthethweni luthathwa ngabaninzi njengeyona mpumelelo inkulu kaStallman.

Konke oku kubonisa ukuba ubume bempembelelo yezopolitiko iyatshintsha - iya inxulumene ngakumbi nobuchwepheshe bolwazi kunye neenkqubo ezizibandakanyayo.

Oku mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba inkwenkwezi kaStallman ikhanya ngakumbi, ngelixa iinkwenkwezi ezininzi ze-high-tech giants ziye zaphela kwaye ziseta. Ukusukela oko kwathi kwasungulwa iProjekthi ye-GNU ngo-1984, uStallman kunye nentshukumo yakhe yasimahla yesoftware bebengahoywa ekuqaleni, emva koko bagculelwe, emva koko bathotywe isidima kwaye bonganyelwa kukugxekwa. Kodwa iprojekthi ye-GNU yakwazi ukunqoba konke oku, nangona kungekho ngaphandle kweengxaki kunye nokuphazamiseka kwexesha elithile, kwaye inikezela ngeenkqubo ezifanelekileyo kwimarike yesofthiwe, leyo, ngendlela, iye yanzima ngokuphindaphindiweyo kule minyaka yamashumi. Ifilosofi ebekwe nguStallman njengesiseko se-GNU nayo iphuhla ngempumelelo. . Kwenye inxalenye yentetho yakhe yaseNew York ngoMeyi 29, 2001, uStallman wachaza ngokufutshane imvelaphi yesifinyezo:

Thina hackers sihlala sikhetha amagama ahlekisayo kunye ne-hooligan
udweliso lweenkqubo zabo, kuba iinkqubo zokuthiya amagama yenye yamacandelo
ulonwabo lokuzibhala. Sikwanalo nesithethe esiphuhlileyo
usebenzisa izifinyezo eziphindaphindayo ezibonisa into yakho
inkqubo iyafana nezicelo ezikhoyo...I
ibikhangela isishunqulelo esiphindaphindwayo kwimo ethi "Into Ayikho
Unix." Ndabajonga bonke oonobumba bealfabhethi, kwaye akukho namnye kubo owabhalayo
igama elifanelekileyo. Ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndilifinyeze eli binzana libe kumagama amathathu, kubangele ukuba
umfanekiso wesishunqulelo esinoonobumba abathathu njenge "Into ethile - Hayi i-Unix".
Ndaqalisa ukujonga oonobumba ndadibana negama elithi “GNU”. Lilo lonke ibali.

Nangona uRichard ethanda iipuns, ucebisa ukubiza isifinyezo
ngesiNgesi eno “g” ocacileyo ekuqaleni, ukuphepha hayi kuphela
ukubhideka negama lenqu yaseAfrika, kodwa nokufana ne
Isichazi sesiNgesi "esitsha", okt. "entsha". “Siyasebenza
Iprojekthi sele ikhona amashumi eminyaka, ngoko ayintsha, ”uqhula
Stallman.

umthombo: amanqaku ombhali kwi-transcript yentetho kaStallman eNew York "ISoftware yasimahla: Inkululeko kunye neNtsebenziswano" ngoMeyi 29, 2001..

Ukuqonda izizathu zale mfuno kunye nempumelelo kuncedwa kakhulu ngokufunda iintetho kunye neengxelo zombini uRichard ngokwakhe kunye nabo bajikelezayo, okumncedayo okanye ukubeka i-spoke kumavili akhe. Umfanekiso wobuntu bukaStallman akufuneki ube nzima kakhulu. Ukuba kukho umzekelo ophilayo wesaci sakudala esithi "inyani yile nto ibonakala ngathi iyiyo," nguStallman.

“Ndicinga ukuba ufuna ukumqonda uRichard Stallman njengomntu, akunyanzelekanga ukuba umhlalutye kancinci, kodwa mjonge ngokupheleleyo,” utshilo u-Eben Moglin, igqwetha leFree Software Foundation kunye nonjingalwazi wezomthetho e-Columbia. IYunivesithi, "zonke ezi mpawu, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba yinto eyenziweyo, ibonakaliswe-eneneni, izibonakaliso ezinyanisekileyo zobuntu bukaRichard. Ngenene wayephoxeke kakhulu ngaxesha lithile, eneneni unemigaqo egqithisileyo kwimiba yeenqobo ezisesikweni kwaye ukwala nakuphi na ukuyekelela kwezona zibalulekileyo, iingxaki ezingundoqo. Yiyo loo nto uRichard enza yonke into awayeyenza.

Akukho lula ukucacisa ukuba ungquzulwano nomshicileli welaser luye lwanda njani lwaya kutsho kungquzulwano nawona mashishini atyebileyo ehlabathi. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka sivavanye ngokucingisisayo izizathu zokuba kutheni ubunini besoftware bubaluleke kakhulu ngequbuliso. Kufuneka sazi indoda ethi, njengeenkokeli ezininzi zobupolitika zamaxesha adluleyo, iqonde indlela eguquguquka ngayo nethambileyo inkumbulo yomntu. Kuyimfuneko ukuqonda intsingiselo yeenkolelo kunye neetemplates zeengcamango apho umzobo kaStallman uye wanda kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Okokugqibela, umntu kufuneka aqonde inqanaba lobuchule bukaRichard njengomdwelisi wenkqubo, kwaye kutheni loo ngqondo ngamanye amaxesha isilela kwezinye iindawo.

Ukuba ucela uStallman ngokwakhe ukuba afumane izizathu zokuvela kwakhe kwi-hacker ukuya kwinkokeli kunye nomvangeli, uya kuvumelana noku kungasentla. Uthi: “Ukuba nenkani yeyona nto indenza ndiqine, abantu abaninzi bayasilela xa bejamelene nocelomngeni olukhulu ngenxa nje yokuba benikezela. Andizange ndiyeke.

Ukwanika ikhredithi ithuba lokungaboni. Ukuba bekungelobali lomshicileli weXerox laser, ukuba ibingeloluhlu lweengxwabangxwaba zobuqu kunye neengcamango ezingcwatywe umsebenzi wakhe eMIT, ukuba ibingekho isiqingatha seshumi elinambini leemeko ezihambelana nexesha kunye nendawo, Ubomi bukaStallman, ngokuvuma kwakhe, ngebahluke kakhulu. Ke ngoko, uStallman ubulela ikamva ngokumkhokelela kwindlela akuyo.

“Bendinesakhono esifanelekileyo,” utshilo uRichard ekupheleni kwentetho yakhe, eshwankathela ibali lokusungulwa kweprojekthi ye-GNU, “akekho omnye umntu onokwenza oku, ndim kuphela. Ngoko ke, ndaziva ndikhethelwe lo msebenzi. Kwafuneka ndiyenze. Ngapha koko, ukuba ayindim, ngubani ke?"

umthombo: linux.org.ru