Isimahla njengeNkululeko ngesiRashiya: Isahluko 1. Umshicileli oFatal

Isimahla njengeNkululeko ngesiRashiya: Isahluko 2. 2001: A Hacker Odyssey

Ikhululekile njengeNkululeko ngesiRashiya: Isahluko 3. Umfanekiso we-hacker ebusheni bakhe

Ikhululekile njengakwiNkululeko ngesiRashiya: Isahluko 4. Debunk God

Ichule lenkululeko

I-RMS: Kwesi sahluko ndilungise iinkcazo ezimbalwa malunga neengcinga neemvakalelo zam, kwaye ndalungisa ubutshaba obungenasiseko kwinkcazo yeziganeko ezithile. Iingxelo zikaWilliams zinikezelwe ngohlobo lwazo lwangaphambili ngaphandle kokuba kuphawulwe ngenye indlela.

Buza nabani na ochithe ixesha elingaphezu komzuzu kwinkampani kaRichard Stallman, kwaye bonke baya kukuxelela into enye: libala iinwele zakhe ezinde, ulibale ubuqhetseba bakhe, into yokuqala oyibonayo ngamehlo akhe. Jonga nje amehlo akhe aluhlaza kube kanye kwaye uya kuqonda ukuba ujonge i-adept yangempela.

Ukufowunela uStallman ukuba uthe phithi kukujongela phantsi. Akakujongi, ujonge ngapha kwakho. Xa ujonge kude ngaphandle kobuchule, amehlo kaStallman aqalisa ukutshisa entlokweni yakho njengemiqadi emibini yelaser.

Mhlawumbi kungenxa yoko le nto uninzi lwababhali bechaza uStallman ngendlela yenkolo. Kwinqaku kwi Salon.com ngo-1998, phantsi kwesihloko esithi "INgcwele yeSoftware yasimahla," u-Andrew Leonard ubiza amehlo aluhlaza kaStallman "ebengezela amandla omprofeti weTestamente Endala." Inqaku lephephancwadi lowe-1999 Wired uthi iindevu zikaStallman zimenza "abukeke njengoRasputin." Kwaye kwidosi kaStallman Umgcini weLondon Uncumo lwakhe lubizwa ngokuba "luncumo lompostile emva kokudibana noYesu"

Izifaniso ezinjalo ziyamangalisa, kodwa aziyonyani. Babonisa uhlobo oluthile lomntu ongafikelelekiyo, onamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo, ngelixa uStallman wokwenene esengozini, njengabo bonke abantu. Jonga amehlo akhe okwethutyana kwaye uya kuqonda: URichard wayengakulahlisi okanye ekrwaqula, wayezama ukukujongisa ngamehlo. Yile ndlela i-Asperger's syndrome ezibonakalisa ngayo, isithunzi sayo silele kwingqondo kaStallman. URichard ukufumanisa kunzima ukusebenzisana nabantu, akaziva unxibelelwano, kwaye kunxibelelwano kufuneka athembele kwizigqibo ezithiyori kuneemvakalelo. Olunye uphawu kukuzintywilisela ngamaxesha athile. Amehlo kaStallman, nangona ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo, anokuma aze aphele, njengawesilwanyana esonzakeleyo esiza kuphuma umphefumlo.

Ndaqala ukudibana nalo mbono ungaqhelekanga kaStallman ngoMatshi 1999, kwiNkomfa yeLinuxWorld kunye noMboniso eSan Jose. Yayiyinkomfa yabantu kunye neenkampani ezinxulumene nesoftware yasimahla, uhlobo "lwengokuhlwa yokuqaphela". Ngokuhlwa kwakunjalo kuStallman - wagqiba ekubeni athathe inxaxheba ekhutheleyo, ukudlulisela kwiintatheli kunye noluntu ngokubanzi imbali yeprojekthi ye-GNU kunye neengcamango zayo.

Elo yayilixesha lokuqala ndifumana isikhokelo malunga nendlela yokujongana noStallman, kwaye ndingazi. Oku kwenzeke kwinkomfa yoonondaba ezinikele ekukhululweni kwe-GNOME 1.0, indawo yedesktop yomzobo yasimahla. Ngaphandle kokuyazi, ndibethe i-hotkey ye-Stallman yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokubuza nje, "Ngaba ucinga ukuba ukukhula kwe-GNOME kuya kuchaphazela impumelelo yezorhwebo yenkqubo yokusebenza ye-Linux?"

“Nceda uyeke ukufowunela inkqubo yokusebenza nje ngeLinux,” waphendula uStallman, ngoko nangoko ejonge kum, “iLinux kernel yinxalenye encinci yenkqubo yokusebenza. Uninzi lwezinto eziluncedo kunye nezicelo ezenza inkqubo yokusebenza oyibiza ngokulula iLinux ayiphuhliswanga yiTorvalds, kodwa ngamavolontiya eProjekthi ye-GNU. Bachitha ixesha labo lobuqu ukuze abantu babe nenkqubo yokusebenza yasimahla. Kukungabi nambeko nokungazi ukugxotha iminikelo yaba bantu. Ke ndiyabuza: xa uthetha ngenkqubo yokusebenza, yibize ngeGNU/Linux, nceda.

Emva kokubhala phantsi le ntsinda-badala kwincwadana yam yentatheli, ndaphakamisa amehlo ndafumana uStallman endijongile ngentsholo engaqhwanyaziyo phakathi kokuthe cwaka. Umbuzo ovela kwenye intatheli weza ngokungathandabuzekiyo - kulo mbuzo, ewe, yayingu "GNU / Linux", hayi nje "Linux". UMiguel de Icaza, inkokeli yeprojekthi ye-GNOME, waqala ukuphendula, kwaye kumbindi wempendulo yakhe apho uStallman wagqiba wajonga kude, kwaye ukungcangcazela kwempumlo kwehla kumqolo wam. Xa uStallman esohlwaya omnye umntu ngokungapeli kakuhle igama lenkqubo, uyavuya kuba engakujongi.

I-tirades kaStallman ivelisa iziphumo: iintatheli ezininzi ziyeka ukubiza inkqubo yokusebenza ngokulula ngeLinux. Ku-Stallman, ukohlwaya abantu ngokushiya i-GNU kwigama lesixokelelwano asiyonto ingaphaya kwendlela esebenzayo yokukhumbuza abantu ngexabiso leProjekthi ye-GNU. Ngenxa yoko, iWired.com kwinqaku layo ithelekisa uRichard kunye noLenin's Bolshevik revolutionary, owathi kamva wacinywa kwimbali kunye nezenzo zakhe. Ngokunjalo, ishishini lekhompyuter, ngakumbi iinkampani ezithile, lizama ukujongela phantsi ukubaluleka kwe-GNU kunye nefilosofi yayo. Amanye amanqaku alandelwe, kwaye nangona iintatheli ezimbalwa zibhala malunga nenkqubo njenge-GNU/Linux, uninzi lunika uStallman ngetyala ngokwenza isoftware yasimahla.

Emva koko andizange ndimbone uStallman phantse iinyanga ezili-17. Ngeli xesha, waphinda wandwendwela iSilicon Valley kumboniso ka-Agasti ka-1999 weLinuxWorld, kwaye ngaphandle kokuvela ngokusemthethweni, wawuhombisa umcimbi ngobukho bakhe. Ekwamkeleni iMbasa yeLinus Torvalds yeNkonzo kaRhulumente egameni leSiseko seSoftware eSimahla, uStallman waqhula wathi: “Ukunika iSiseko sasimahla seSoftware iMbasa yeLinus Torvalds kufana nokunika iRebel Alliance iMbasa yeHan Solo.”

Kodwa ngesi sihlandlo amazwi kaRichard akazange asasazeke kumajelo eendaba. Phakathi evekini, uMnqwazi oBomvu, umenzi ophambili wesoftware enxulumene ne-GNU/Linux, uye esidlangalaleni ngomnikelo woluntu. Ezi ndaba ziqinisekisile into ebekade kurhanelwa ngayo ngaphambili: "iLinux" ibisiba ngundabamlonyeni kwiWall Street, njenge "e-commerce" kunye ne "dotcom" ngaphambili. Imarike yemasheya yayisondele kwincopho yayo, kwaye ke ngoko yonke imiba yezopolitiko ejikeleze isoftware yasimahla kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo yaphela ngasemva.

Mhlawumbi yiloo nto uStallman wayengasekho kwiLinuxWorld yesithathu ngo-2000. Kwaye kungekudala emva koko, ndadibana noRichard kunye nokugqobhoza kwakhe okwesibini. Ndeva ukuba uya eSilicon Valley kwaye ndammemela kudliwano-ndlebe ePalo Alto. Ukukhethwa kwendawo kwanika udliwano-ndlebe ukuba kube yinto ephazamisayo-ngaphandle kwe-Redmond, izixeko ezimbalwa zase-US zinokungqina ngokucacileyo kwixabiso loqoqosho lwe-software yobunini kunePalo Alto. Kwakubangel’ umdla ukubona indlela uStallman, ngemfazwe yakhe engenakuthetheleleka nxamnye nokuzingca nokubawa, awayenokuzibamba kwisixeko apho igaraji elusizi ixabisa ubuncinane i-500 lamawaka eedola.

Ukulandela imiyalelo kaStallman, ndenza indlela eya kwikomkhulu le-Art.net, indawo engenzi nzuzo "yoluntu lwamagcisa". Eli komkhulu lityotyombe elilityotyombe elingenaziqwenga emva kothango kumda osemantla wesixeko. Yile ndlela ngokukhawuleza ifilimu ethi "Stallman kwiNtliziyo yeSilicon Valley" ilahlekelwa yiyo yonke i-surrealism yayo.

Ndifike uStallman egumbini elimnyama, ehleli kwilaptop ecofa izitshixo. Nje ukuba ndingene, undibulise ngee-laser zakhe eziluhlaza ezingama-200-watt, kodwa kwangaxeshanye undibulisa ngoxolo, ndiphinde ndimbulise. URichard ujonge ngasemva kwiscreen selaptop.

umthombo: linux.org.ru