Emacs commune

Ilabhoratri ye-AI kwiminyaka engama-70 yayiyindawo ekhethekileyo, wonke umntu wavuma ngale nto. Uphando oluphezulu lwenzeka apha, iingcali ezinamandla kakhulu zisebenza apha, ngoko iLabhoratri yayisoloko iviwa kwihlabathi lekhompyutheni. Kwaye inkcubeko yakhe ye-hacker kunye nomoya wemvukelo wenza i-aura yendawo engcwele ejikeleze kuye. Kuphela kuxa izazinzulu ezininzi kunye “neenkwenkwezi zerock ezicwangcisiweyo” zaphuma kwiLabhoratri apho abaduni baqonda ukuba laliyintsomi kwaye liyinyani ihlabathi ababephila kulo.

“Ilebhu ibifana ne-Eden kuthi,” utshilo uStallman kweli nqaku. Forbes Ngo-1998, "akuzange kwenzeke nakubani na ukuba azimele yedwa kwabanye abasebenzi endaweni yokusebenza kunye."

Iinkcazo ezinjalo ngomoya weentsomi zigxininisa into ebalulekileyo: umgangatho we-9 we-Technosquare wawuye wabaduni abaninzi kungekhona nje indawo yokusebenzela, kodwa kunye nekhaya.

Igama elithi "ikhaya" lasetyenziswa nguRichard Stallman ngokwakhe, kwaye siyazi kakuhle ukuba uchaneka kangakanani kwaye ulumke kangakanani kwiingxelo zakhe. Emva kokudlula kwiMfazwe yoMlomo nabazali bakhe, uRichard usakholelwa ukuba phambi kweCurrier House, indawo yakhe yokulala yaseHarvard, wayengenalo ikhaya. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ngexesha leminyaka yakhe yaseHarvard wayethuthunjiswa luloyiko olunye kuphela - ukugxothwa. Ndabonakalisa ukuthandabuza ukuba umfundi okrelekrele njengoStallman wayesemngciphekweni wokuyeka isikolo. Kodwa uRichard wandikhumbuza ngeengxaki zakhe zoqeqesho.

“UHarvard uluxabisile ngokwenene uqeqesho, kwaye ukuba uphoswa yiklasi, uya kucelwa ukuba uhambe ngokukhawuleza,” utshilo.

Emva kokuphumelela eHarvard, uStallman waphulukana nelungelo lakhe lendlu yokulala, yaye akazange abe nomnqweno wokubuyela kubazali bakhe eNew York. Ngoko walandela indlela enyathelwe nguGreenblatt, uGosper, uSussman kunye nabanye abahlaseli abaninzi - waya kufunda isidanga eMIT, waqesha igumbi elikufutshane eCambridge, kwaye waqala ukuchitha ixesha lakhe elininzi kwi-AI Lab. Kwintetho yakhe yowe-1986, uRichard wachaza eli xesha:

Mhlawumbi ndinesizathu esingakumbi kunabanye sokutsho ukuba ndandihlala kwiLebhu, kuba unyaka okanye emibini ndandilahlekelwa yindlu ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, yaye ngokubanzi ndandihlala kwiLebhu iinyanga eziliqela. Kwaye ndandisoloko ndiziva ndikhululekile kakhulu apho, ngakumbi ehlotyeni, kuba kwakupholile ngaphakathi. Kodwa ngokubanzi yayikulandelelwano lwezinto apho abantu bachitha ubusuku kwiLebhu, ukuba kuphela ngenxa yentshiseko ephithizelayo eyayisiphethe sonke. I-hacker ngamanye amaxesha yayingakwazi ukuyeka kwaye isebenze kwikhompyutheni de idinwe ngokupheleleyo, emva koko yakhasa kwindawo ekufutshane ethe tye. Ngamafutshane, umoya okhululekileyo, osekhaya.

Kodwa lo moya wasekhaya wawudala iingxaki ngamanye amaxesha. Oko abanye babekugqala njengekhaya, abanye babekubona njengomhadi weopium ye-elektroniki. Kwincwadi yakhe yeComputer Power and Human Motivation, umphandi weMIT uJoseph Weizenbaum wakugxeka kabukhali “ukudubula kwekhompyuter,” igama lakhe lokuhlaselwa kwamaziko ekhompyuter afana neLabhu ye-AI ngabaduni. Weizenbaum wabhala wathi: “Impahla yabo eshwabeneyo, iinwele zabo ezingahlanjwanga nobuso obungachetywanga bubonisa ukuba baye bazilahla ngokupheleleyo bakhetha iikhompyutha, yaye abafuni kubona ukuba oku kunokubakhokelela phi, ezi ntlungu zekhompyutha ziphilela iikhompyutha kuphela.”

Phantse kwikota yenkulungwane kamva, uStallman usacaphuka xa esiva intetho ka-Weizenbaum ethi: "izibetho zekhompyuter." "Ufuna sonke sibe ngabaqeqeshi-ukwenza umsebenzi wemali, ukuba sivuke kwaye sihambe ngexesha elimisiweyo, sikhuphe yonke into enxulumene nayo kwiintloko zethu," kusho uStallman ngokukrakra, ngokungathi i-Weizenbaum ikufuphi kwaye. unokumva, “kodwa le nto ayigqala njengolungelelwano oluqhelekileyo lwezinto, ndiyigqala njengentlekele edandathekisayo.”

Nangona kunjalo, ubomi be-hacker abukho ngaphandle kwentlekele. URichard ngokwakhe uthi ukuguqulwa kwakhe kwi-hacker ye-weekend ukuya kwi-hacker ye-24/7 yisiphumo soluhlu lweziganeko ezibuhlungu ebusheni bakhe, apho wayenokusinda kuphela kwi-euphoria yokukhwabanisa. Intlungu yokuqala enjalo yayiphumelele eHarvard; yatshintsha kakhulu indlela eqhelekileyo yokuphila, ezolileyo. UStallman waya kwisikolo esithweswe isidanga eMIT kwisebe lefiziksi ukuze alandele emanyathelweni ezikhulu uRichard Feynman, uWilliam Shockley noMurray Gehl-Mann, kwaye akufuneki ukuba aqhube iimayile ezimbini ezongezelelweyo ukuya kwiLab yeAI kunye nePDP entsha kraca- 2. “Bendisagxile phantse ngokupheleleyo kwiprogramu, kodwa bendicinga ukuba ndingenza i-physics ecaleni,” utshilo uStallman.

Ukufunda i-physics emini kunye nokuqhekezwa ebusuku, uRichard wazama ukufezekisa ukulingana okugqibeleleyo. I-fulcrum yale geek swing yayiziintlanganiso zeveki zombutho womdaniso wesintu. Le yayikuphela konxibelelwano lwakhe lwentlalo nabantu besini esahlukileyo kunye nehlabathi labantu abaqhelekileyo ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngasekupheleni konyaka wakhe wokuqala eMIT, ilishwa lenzeka-uRichard wonzakala edolweni kwaye akazange akwazi ukudanisa. Wayecinga ukuba yinto yokwexeshana kwaye waqhubeka nokuya kwiklabhu, ukumamela umculo, kunye nokuncokola nabahlobo. Kodwa ihlobo laphela, idolo lalibuhlungu kwaye nomlenze wam wawungasebenzi kakuhle. Emva koko uStallman wakrokra waza waba nexhala. Ukhumbula oku: “Ndaqonda ukuba akusayi kuba bhetele, kwanokuba andisayi kuphinda ndikwazi ukudanisa kwakhona. Indibulele nje."

Ngaphandle kwendawo yokulala yaseHarvard kwaye ngaphandle kwemidaniso, indawo yentlalo kaStallman yangena kwangoko. Ukudansa kwakukuphela kwento engazange imdibanise nabantu, kodwa yamnika ithuba lokwenene lokudibana nabasetyhini. Ukungadanisi kuthetha ukungathandana, kwaye oku kwamcaphukisa kakhulu uRichard.

URichard uthi: “Ubukhulu becala ndandidandatheke ngokupheleleyo, ndandingakwazi yaye ndandingafuni nto ngaphandle kokuqhathwa. Ukuphelelwa lithemba ngokupheleleyo. "

Waphantse wayeka ukudibana nehlabathi, ezintywilisela ngokupheleleyo emsebenzini. Ngo-Okthobha 1975, wayesele eyishiyile i-physics kunye nezifundo zakhe eMIT. Ukucwangcisa kutshintshile ekubeni yinto yokuzonwabisa ibe yeyona nto iphambili kunye nokuphela komsebenzi wobomi bam.

Ngoku uRichard uthi yayingenakuphepheka. Kungekudala okanye kamva, umnxeba we-siren wokugqekeza uya koyisa zonke ezinye izibongozo. “Kwimathematika nakwifiziksi, andinakuzenzela into eyeyam; andikhange ndicinge nokuba yenziwa njani. Ndidibanise nje into esele idaliwe, kwaye loo nto ayizange indifanele. Kwinkqubo, ndayiqonda ngokukhawuleza indlela yokudala izinto ezintsha, kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ubone ngokukhawuleza ukuba ziyasebenza kwaye ziluncedo. Kuzisa ulonwabo olukhulu, kwaye ufuna ukuphinda inkqubo kwakhona. ”

UStallman ayingowokuqala ukudibanisa ukugqekeza nolonwabo olukhulu. Uninzi lwabarhwebi beLab ye-AI nabo baqhayisa ngezifundo ezilahliweyo kunye nezidanga ezigqityiweyo kwimathematika okanye ubunjineli bombane - kuphela ngenxa yokuba onke amabhongo emfundo ayentywiliselwe kuchulumanco lwenkqubo. Bathi uThomas Aquinas, ngenxa yezifundo zakhe zempambano yemfundo, wazizisa kwimibono kunye nokuqonda kukaThixo. Abaduni bafikelele kumazwe afanayo kumda wolonwabo olungeyonyani emva kokugxila kwiinkqubo zeeyure ezininzi. Mhlawumbi kungenxa yoko le nto uStallman kunye nabahlaseli abaninzi benqanda iziyobisi - emva kweeyure ezingamashumi amabini zokugqekeza, babengathi baphezulu.

umthombo: linux.org.ru

Isimahla njengeNkululeko ngesiRashiya: Isahluko 6. Emacs Commune

Emacs commune

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