Ingxaki esisiseko yoVavanyo

Intshayelelo

Sawubona, abahlali baseKhabrovsk. Ngoku bendisombulula umsebenzi wovavanyo lwesithuba seQA Lead senkampani yefintech. Umsebenzi wokuqala, ukwenza isicwangciso sovavanyo kunye noluhlu olupheleleyo lokutshekisha kunye nemizekelo yamatyala okuvavanya ukuvavanya i-kettle yombane, ingasombululwa kancinane:

• I-GOST 7400-81. Iiketile zombane zasekhaya kunye neesamova zombane. Iinkcukacha (kunye neziHlomelo No. 1-8)
• I-GOST IEC 60335-1-2015 Indlu kunye nezixhobo zombane ezifanayo. Ukhuseleko. Icandelo 1. Iimfuno ngokubanzi
  Kunzima ukucinga ngesicwangciso esingcono sovavanyo kunye noluhlu olupheleleyo lokutshekisha.

Kodwa inxalenye yesibini yaba ngumbuzo: "Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kubo bonke abavavanyi ezibathintela ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo?"

Into yokuqala eyathi qatha engqondweni yayikukudwelisa zonke iingxaki ezingakumbi okanye ezingaphawulekiyo endiye ndadibana nazo ngexesha lovavanyo, ndikhuphe izinto ezincinci, kwaye ndishwankathele ezinye. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza ndaqonda ukuba indlela yokufundisa yayiza kuphendula umbuzo ongasebenziyo "kubo bonke", kodwa, ngokufanelekileyo, kuphela "kuninzi" lwabavavanyi. Ke ngoko, ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndisondele kwelinye icala, ngokuzithoba, kwaye yile nto yenzekileyo.

Iinkcazo

Into yokuqala endihlala ndiyenza xa ndisombulula ingxaki entsha kuzama ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na, kwaye ukwenza oku kufuneka ndiqonde intsingiselo yamagama ayibekayo. Amagama aphambili ekufuneka uwaqonde ngala alandelayo:

• ingxaki
• umvavanyi
• umsebenzi womvavanyi
• umvavanyi kakuhle

Makhe sijike kwi-Wikipedia kunye nengqiqo:
Ingxaki (isiGrike samandulo πρόβλημα) kwingqiqo ebanzi-ithiyori entsonkothileyo okanye umcimbi osebenzayo ofuna ukufundwa kunye nesisombululo; kwisayensi - imeko ephikisanayo ebonakala ngendlela yezikhundla ezichasayo kwinkcazo yayo nayiphi na into, izinto, iinkqubo kwaye ifuna ithiyori eyaneleyo ukuyisombulula; ebomini, ingxaki iqulunqwe ngendlela eqondakalayo ebantwini: “Ndiyazi into, andazi ukuba njani,” oko kukuthi, iyaziwa into ekufuneka ifunyenwe, kodwa akwaziwa ukuba yenziwa njani. . Ivela emva kwexesha. lat. ingxaki, ukusuka kwisiGrike. πρόβλημα “ukuphoswa phambili, kubekwe ngaphambili”; ukusuka προβάλλω “phosa phambili, beka phambi kwakho; ityala".

Ayenzi ngqiqweni, enyanisweni, "ingxaki" = "nantoni na ekufuneka kujongwana nayo."
Umvavanyi - ingcali (asiyi kukwahlula kwiintlobo, kuba sinomdla kubo bonke abavavanyi) abathatha inxaxheba ekuvavanyeni icandelo okanye inkqubo, umphumo wayo:
Umsebenzi womvavanyi - isethi yemisebenzi enxulumene novavanyo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle (lat. effectivus) - ubudlelwane phakathi kwesiphumo esiphunyeziweyo kunye nezibonelelo ezisetyenzisiweyo (ISO 9000: 2015).
Isiphumo - isiphumo setsheyini (uthotho) lwezenzo (isiphumo) okanye iziganeko, ezichazwe ngokomgangatho okanye ngokobungakanani. Iziphumo ezinokuthi zibandakanya i-advanteji, isithintelo, inzuzo, ilahleko, ixabiso, kunye noloyiso.
Njengoko kunjalo “ngengxaki,” akukho ntsingiselo incinane: into eyaphuma ngenxa yomsebenzi.
ubutyebi - ukubanakho ukumetwa ngokobungakanani bokwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi womntu okanye wabantu; iimeko ezivumela ukusebenzisa iinguqu ezithile ukufumana umphumo ofunekayo. Umvavanyi ngumntu, kwaye ngokungqinelana nethiyori yezixhobo ezibalulekileyo, umntu ngamnye ungumnini wezinto ezine zoqoqosho:
imali eziinkozo (ingeniso) sisixhobo esinokuhlaziywa;
amandla (amandla obomi) sisixhobo esinokuphinda sihlaziyeke ngokuyinxenye;
ixesha lisisixhobo esimiselweyo nesingenakuhlaziywa ngokusisiseko;
ulwazi (ulwazi) ngumthombo ohlaziyekayo, yinxalenye yobutyebi boluntu obunokukhula kwaye butshatyalaliswe[1].

Ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukuba inkcazo yokusebenza kakuhle kwimeko yethu ayichanekanga ngokupheleleyo, ekubeni ulwazi oluninzi esilusebenzisayo, lusezantsi ukusebenza kakuhle. Ke ngoko, ndingachaza kwakhona ukusebenza kakuhle “njengomlinganiselo phakathi kweziphumo ezifunyenweyo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo.” Emva koko yonke into ichanekile: ulwazi aluchithwanga ngexesha lomsebenzi, kodwa lunciphisa iindleko zesixhobo somhloli kuphela esingenakuhlaziywa - ixesha lakhe.

Isisombululo

Ke, sijonge iingxaki zehlabathi zabavavanyi abaphazamisa ukusebenza komsebenzi wabo.
Esona sixhobo sibalulekileyo esichithwe kumsebenzi womvavanyi lixesha lakhe (ezinye zinokuncitshiswa ngendlela enye okanye enye), kwaye ukuze sithethe ngokubala okuchanekileyo kokusebenza kakuhle, isiphumo kufuneka sincitshiswe sibe lixesha. .
Ukwenza oku, qwalasela inkqubo eqinisekisa ukusebenza komvavanyi ngomsebenzi wakhe. Inkqubo enjalo yiprojekthi eneqela elibandakanya umvavanyi. Umjikelo wobomi beprojekthi unokumelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngale algorithm ilandelayo:

1. Ukusebenza ngeeMfuneko
2. Ukuqulunqwa kweenkcukacha zobugcisa
3. Phuhliso
4. Ukuvavanywa
5. Khuphela kwimveliso
6. Inkxaso (goto item 1)

Kule meko, yonke iprojekthi inokwahlulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiiprojects (iimpawu), kunye nomjikelezo wobomi ofanayo.
Ngokombono weprojekthi, ixesha elincinci elichithwe kuyo, ukuphunyezwa kwayo kusebenza ngakumbi.
Ngaloo ndlela, siza kwinkcazo yobuninzi obunokwenzeka bomhloli ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga iprojekthi - le yimeko yeprojekthi xa ixesha lokuvavanya liyi-zero. Ingxaki eqhelekileyo kubo bonke abavavanyi kukungakwazi ukuphumeza ngeli xesha.

Indlela yokujongana nale nto?

Izigqibo zicacile kwaye zisetyenziswe ngabaninzi ixesha elide:

1. Uphuhliso novavanyo kufuneka luqale kwaye luphele phantse ngaxeshanye (oku kuqhele ukwenziwa lisebe QA). Olona khetho lufanelekileyo kuxa wonke umsebenzi ophuhliswayo sele ugutyungelwe luvavanyo lwe-autotest ngexesha sele lulungile, lucwangciswe kuhlengahlengiso (kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuzinikela kwangaphambili) uvavanyo usebenzisa uhlobo oluthile CI.
2. Okukhona iprojekthi ineempawu ezingakumbi (okukhona intsonkothe ​​ngakumbi), kokukhona kuya kufuneka kuchithwe ixesha elininzi kujongwa ukuba ukusebenza okutsha akuyophuli endala. Ke, okukhona intsonkothe ​​ngakumbi iprojekthi, kokukhona kufuneka i-automation uvavanyo lokubuyela umva.
3. Ngalo lonke ixesha siphosa i-bug kwimveliso kwaye umsebenzisi uyayifumana, kufuneka sichithe ixesha elongezelelweyo sihamba kumjikelezo wobomi beprojekthi ukusuka kwinqanaba le-1 (Ukusebenza kunye neemfuno, kulo mzekelo, abasebenzisi). Ukusukela ukuba izizathu zokuphosa ibug zingaziwa ngokubanzi, sishiywe ngendlela enye kuphela - yonke ibug efunyenwe ngabasebenzisi kufuneka ibandakanywe kuvavanyo lohlengahlengiso ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayisayi kuphinda ivele.

umthombo: www.habr.com