Intshayelelo yoMguquli: Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, usenokumangaliswa okanye ucaphuke. Ewe, nathi sothukile: umbhali kucingelwa ukuba akazange eve malunga nolawulo lweqela, malunga nokuseta imisebenzi enemeko “yenza ngokukhawuleza nangaphandle kokuqiqa.” Ewe, kunjalo, esi sisicatshulwa esingaqhelekanga. Ewe, umbhali ucebisa ukuba umdwelisi wenkqubo athathe indima yomakhi wenkqubo - kutheni ke ufuna umakhi wezakhiwo? Kodwa zonke ezi zichaso akufanele zikumfamekise into ephambili - kutheni nangona kunjalo sithathe kwaye saguqulela esi sicatshulwa. Akathethi ngeendima. Esi sicatshulwa simalunga nendlela yobungcali kunye nokwazisa. Inyaniso kukuba nje ukuba nje "uyenza into oyixelelwayo" ngaphandle kokucinga ngentsingiselo yezenzo zakho, awusoze ube ngumdwelisi omkhulu.
Yithi hayi kwikhowudi engeyomfuneko. Okufuneka ukwenze kukudibanisa oonobumba abathathu kwaye uthethe igama. Masizame ukwenza oku kunye: "Nooooo!"
Kodwa linda. Kutheni sisenza oku? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umsebenzi ophambili womdwelisi kukubhala ikhowudi. Kodwa ngaba kufuneka ubhale nayiphi na ikhowudi ebuzwa kuwe? Hayi! "Ukuqonda ukuba ungabhalwa nini ikhowudi mhlawumbi sesona buchule sibalulekileyo kumdwelisi wenkqubo." .
Siyakhumbuza: kubo bonke abafundi be "Habr" - isaphulelo se-ruble ye-10 xa ubhalisa kuyo nayiphi na ikhosi ye-Skillbox usebenzisa ikhowudi yokuphromotha "Habr".
I-Skillbox iyacebisa: Ikhosi esebenzayo .
Ukwenza inkqubo bubugcisa bokusombulula iingxaki. Kwaye niziinkosi zobu bugcisa.
Ngamanye amaxesha, kwiinzame zokuqalisa umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza, akukho nto sicinga ngayo ngaphandle kokugqiba umsebenzi okhoyo. Yaye oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezingakumbi.
Yintoni abadwelisi benkqubo abayihoyiyo?
Yonke ikhowudi oyibhalayo kufuneka iqondakale kwabanye abaphuhlisi, kwaye kufuneka ivavanywe kwaye ilungiswe.
Kodwa kukho ingxaki: nantoni na oyibhalayo, iya kwenza nzima isoftware yakho kwaye mhlawumbi yazise bugs kwixa elizayo.
Ngokutsho kukaRich Skrent, . Nantsi into ayibhalayo:
“Ikhowudi imbi kuba iqala ukubola kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo. Ukongeza iifitsha ezintsha kudla ngokufuna ukulungiswa kwekhowudi endala. Okukhona inkulu, kokukhona iphezulu amathuba okuba kwenzeke impazamo kwaye kokukhona kuthatha ixesha ukuqulunqa. Kuthatha omnye umphuhlisi ixesha elingakumbi ukuyiqonda. Kwaye ukuba i-refactoring iyafuneka, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubakho amaqhekeza afanele ukutshintshwa. Ikhowudi enkulu ihlala ithetha ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kweprojekthi. Isisombululo esilula nesibukekayo sikhawuleza kunekhowudi entsonkothileyo. ”
Wazi njani ukuba ungabhalwa nini ikhowudi?
Ingxaki kukuba abadwelisi benkqubo bahlala bebaxa inani leempawu ezizimfuno zabo zesicelo. Ngenxa yoko, amacandelo amaninzi ekhowudi ahlala engagqitywanga okanye akukho mntu uwasebenzisayo, kodwa anzima isicelo.
Kuya kufuneka uqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba iprojekthi yakho idinga ntoni kwaye yintoni engayifuniyo.
Umzekelo sisicelo esisombulula umsebenzi omnye kuphela - ukulawula i-imeyile. Ngenxa yale njongo, imisebenzi emibini iye yaziswa - ukuthumela nokufumana iileta. Akufanele ulindele ukuba umphathi weposi abe ngumphathi womsebenzi ngaxeshanye.
Kufuneka uthi ngokuqinisekileyo "hayi" kwiziphakamiso zokongeza iimpawu ezingahambelani nomsebenzi oyintloko wesicelo. Lo ngumzuzu kanye xa kucaca ukuba ikhowudi eyongezelelweyo ayifuni.
Ungaze uphulukane nojoliso lwesicelo sakho.
Hlala uzibuza:
— Ngowuphi umsebenzi ekufuneka uphunyezwe ngoku?
— Yeyiphi ikhowudi ekufuneka ndiyibhale?
Buza izimvo ezifika engqondweni kwaye uvavanye iingcebiso ezivela ngaphandle. Ngaphandle koko, ikhowudi eyongezelelweyo inokubulala iprojekthi.
Ukwazi ukuba ungazongezi nini izinto ezingeyomfuneko kuya kukunceda ugcine isiseko sekhowudi yakho phantsi kolawulo oluqinileyo.
Ekuqaleni kwendlela, umdwelisi uneefayile ezimbini okanye ezintathu zomthombo kuphela. Ilula. Ukuqulunqa kunye nokuqaliswa kwesicelo kufuna ubuncinane bexesha; Ihlala icacile ukuba ijonge phi kwaye yintoni.
Njengoko isicelo sisanda, iifayile zekhowudi ezininzi ngakumbi ziyavela. Bagcwalisa ikhathalogu, nganye inamakhulu emigca. Ukuze ulungelelanise konke oku ngokuchanekileyo, kuya kufuneka udale abalawuli abongezelelweyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukukhumbula ukuba yeyiphi imisebenzi enoxanduva lokuba zeziphi na izenzo ezibabangelayo kuya kuba nzima; ukubamba iincukuthu nako kuthatha ixesha elininzi. Ulawulo lweprojekthi luya lusiba nzima ngakumbi; hayi enye, kodwa abaphuhlisi abaninzi bayafuneka ukugcina umkhondo wayo yonke into. Ngako oko, iindleko, zombini imali kunye nexesha, ukunyuka, kunye nenkqubo yophuhliso iyancipha.
Iprojekthi ekugqibeleni iba nkulu, kwaye ukongeza into entsha nganye kuthatha umzamo othe kratya. Nakwinto engabalulekanga kakhulu kufuneka uchithe iiyure ezininzi. Ukulungisa iimpazamo ezikhoyo kukhokelela ekubonakaleni kwezinto ezintsha, kwaye ixesha lokukhutshwa kwesicelo liyaphoswa.
Ngoku kufuneka silwele ubomi beprojekthi. Ngoba?
Inyani yeyokuba awuzange uqonde xa ungafanele ukongeza ikhowudi, kwaye uphendule "ewe" kuzo zonke iingcebiso kunye nombono. Ubumfama, umnqweno wokudala izinto ezintsha wakwenza ukuba ungazinanzi izibakala ezibalulekileyo.
Ivakala ngathi sisikripthi semuvi esoyikisayo, akunjalo?
Oku kuya kwenzeka kanye ukuba uqhubeka uthi ewe. Zama ukuqonda xa ikhowudi ingafanele yongezwa. Susa izinto ezingeyomfuneko kwiprojekthi - oku kuya kwenza ubomi bakho bube lula kwaye bandise ubomi besicelo.
"Olunye lwezona ntsuku zinemveliso kakhulu kuxa ndacima imigca eyi-1000 yekhowudi."
— Ken Thompson.
Ukufunda ixesha lokungayibhali ikhowudi kunzima. Kodwa kuyimfuneko.
Ewe, ndiyazi ukuba usandula ukuqalisa umendo womphuhlisi kwaye ufuna ukubhala ikhowudi. Kulungile, ungaphulukani nombono wokuqala, kodwa ungalahlekelwa yimiba ebalulekileyo ngenxa yomdla. Saqonda yonke into ngokuzama nangempazamo. Uya kuzenza iimpazamo kwaye ufunde kuzo. Kodwa ukuba unokufunda koku kungasentla, umsebenzi wakho uya kuba nolwazi ngakumbi.
Qhubeka udala, kodwa yazi ixesha lokulandula.
I-Skillbox iyacebisa:
- Isicelo sekhosi ye-intanethi .
- Ikhosi ekwi-Intanethi .
- Ikhosi yonyaka osebenzayo .
umthombo: www.habr.com