AmaJiphutha amandulo ayesazi kakhulu nge-vivisection kwaye ayekwazi ukwahlula isibindi kwizintso ngokuchukumisa. Ngokugubungela ama-mummies ukusuka kusasa ukuya ngokuhlwa kunye nokuphilisa (ukusuka kwi-trephination ukuya ekususeni amathumba), ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufunda ukuqonda i-anatomy.
Ubutyebi beenkcukacha ze-anatomical bube ngaphezu kokulungiswa kukudideka ekuqondeni umsebenzi wamalungu. Ababingeleli, oogqirha kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo babeka ingqondo entliziyweni, kwaye babela ingqondo indima yokuvelisa i-mucus yeempumlo.
Emva kweminyaka engamawaka angama-4, kunzima ukuzivumela ukuba uhleke iifellah kunye noFaro - iikhompyuter zethu kunye nee-algorithms zokuqokelela idatha zibukeka zipholile kunemisongo yepapyrus, kwaye ubuchopho bethu lusavelisa ngokumangalisayo ukuba ngubani owaziyo.
Ngoko kweli nqaku bekufanele lithethe malunga nokuba i-algorithms yokuqaphela imvakalelo ifikelele kwisantya se-mirror neurons ekutolikeni izibonakaliso ze-interlocutor, xa ngokukhawuleza kwavela ukuba iiseli ze-nerve azizange zibonakale.
Iimpazamo zokwenziwa kwezigqibo
Njengomntwana, umntwana ujonga ubuso babazali bakhe aze afunde ukuvelisa uncumo, umsindo, ukuzanelisa kunye nezinye iimvakalelo, ukuze ubomi bakhe bonke kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ancume, afinge, abe nomsindo - kanye njengabo abathandayo. wenze.
Abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukuxelisa iimvakalelo zakhiwe yinkqubo ye-mirror neurons. Noko ke, ezinye izazinzulu zivakalisa ukuthandabuza ngale ngcamango: okwangoku asikayiqondi imisebenzi yazo zonke iiseli zengqondo.
Imodeli yokusebenza kwengqondo ime kumhlaba oshukumayo woqikelelo. Akukho mathandabuzo malunga nento enye kuphela: "i-firmware" yegrey ukusuka ekuzalweni iqulethe iimpawu kunye nezinambuzane, okanye, ngokuchanekileyo, iimpawu ezichaphazela ukuziphatha.
I-Mirror neurons okanye ezinye ii-neurons zinoxanduva lokuphendula okulingisayo le nkqubo isebenza kuphela kwinqanaba elisisiseko lokuqaphela iinjongo ezilula kunye nezenzo. Oku kwanele kumntwana, kodwa kuncinci kumntu omdala.
Siyazi ukuba iimvakalelo ubukhulu becala zixhomekeke kumava umntu awafumene ekusebenzisaneni nenkcubeko yakowabo. Akukho mntu uya kucinga ukuba uyi-psychopath, ukuba phakathi kwabantu abonwabileyo uyamomotheka, uvakalelwa intlungu, kuba kubomi bomntu omdala iimvakalelo zisetyenziswa njengendlela yokulungelelanisa kwiimeko ezikhoyo.
Asiyazi eyona nto icingwa ngomnye umntu. Kulula ukwenza uqikelelo: uyancuma, lonto ithetha ukuba uyonwaba. Ingqondo inamandla angaphakathi okwakha iinqaba emoyeni wemifanekiso ehambelanayo yento eyenzekayo.
Umntu kufuneka azame kuphela ukugqiba ukuba iingcamango ezikhoyo zihambelana nenyaniso kangakanani, kwaye umhlaba oshukumayo weengcamango uya kuqala ukuhamba: uncumo lubuhlungu, ukufixiza kululonwabo, ukungcangcazela kweenkophe kumnandi.
Ugqirha wengqondo waseJamani uFranz Karl MΓΌller-Lyer ngo-1889 wabonisa i-geometric-optical illusion ehambelana nokuphazamiseka kombono wemigca kunye namanani. Inkohliso kukuba icandelo eliqulunqwe ngeengcebiso ezijonge ngaphandle libonakala lifutshane kunecandelo elakhiwe ngemisila. Enyanisweni, ubude bamacandelo omabini buyafana.
Ugqirha wengqondo waphinda wagxininisa into yokuba umqapheli wenkohliso, nangona emva kokulinganisa imigca kunye nokuphulaphula inkcazo yemvelaphi ye-neurological yombono womfanekiso, uyaqhubeka eqwalasela umgca omnye omfutshane kunomnye. Kukwanika umdla ukuba le nkohliso ayibonakali ifana kuye wonke umntu - kukho abantu abangachaphazeleki kancinci kuyo.
Isazi ngengqondo uDaniel Kahneman ukuba ingqondo yethu ecothayo yokuhlalutya iyaqaphela iqhinga likaMΓΌller-Lyer, kodwa inxalenye yesibini yengqondo, ejongene ne-cognitive reflex, ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye isabela ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza ekuphenduleni i-stimulus ekhulayo, kwaye yenza izigwebo eziphosakeleyo.
Impazamo yokuqonda ayiyompazamo nje. Umntu unokuqonda kwaye avume ukuba umntu akanakuthembela emehlweni akhe xa ejonge i-optical illusion, kodwa ukunxibelelana nabantu bokwenene kufana nokuhamba kwi-labyrinth entsonkothileyo.
Emva phayaa ngowe-1906, isazi ngentlalo yabantu uWilliam Sumner wavakalisa ukukhethwa kwendalo ehlabathini lonke nomzabalazo wokuphila, edlulisela imigaqo yobukho bezilwanyana kwibutho labantu. Ngokoluvo lwakhe, abantu abamanyeneyo bengamaqela baphakamisa iqela labo ngokungavumi ukuhlalutya izibakala ezisongela ingqibelelo yoluntu.
Isazi ngengqondo uRichard Nisbett "Ukuxelela ngaphezu kokuba siyakwazi: Iingxelo zomlomo malunga neenkqubo zengqondo" zibonisa ukungafuni kwabantu ukukholelwa izibalo kunye nolunye ulwazi olwamkelwe ngokubanzi olungavumelani neenkolelo zabo ezikhoyo.
Umlingo wamanani amakhulu
Jonga le vidiyo kwaye ujonge indlela imbonakalo yobuso bomdlali etshintsha ngayo.
Ingqondo ngokukhawuleza "ibhala" kwaye yenza ukucinga ebusweni bedatha enganeleyo, ekhokelela kwimiphumo ephazamisayo, ebonakalayo ngokucacileyo kumzekelo wovavanyo olwenziwa ngumlawuli uLev Kuleshov.
Ngomnyaka we-1929, wathatha i-close-ups yomdlali we-actor, isitya esigcwele isuphu, umntwana ebhokisini, kunye nentombazana encinci kwi-sofa. Emva koko ifilimu ene-shot of the actor yanqunyulwa kwiindawo ezintathu kwaye ihlanganiswe ngokwahlukileyo kunye nezakhelo ezibonisa iplate yesobho, umntwana kunye nentombazana.
Ukuzimela komnye nomnye, ababukeli bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba kwisiqwenga sokuqala iqhawe lilambile, okwesibini libuhlungu ngenxa yokufa komntwana, okwesithathu uyayithanda intombazana elele kwi-sofa.
Enyanisweni, imbonakalo yobuso bomdlali ayitshintshi kuzo zonke iimeko.
Kwaye ukuba ubona iifreyimu ezilikhulu, ngaba iqhinga liya kutyhilwa?
Ngokusekwe kwidatha yokuthembeka kwamanani enyani yokuziphatha okungekho lizwi kumaqela amakhulu abantu, isazi ngengqondo uPaul Ekman. isixhobo esibanzi sokulinganisa injongo yeentshukumo zobuso - "inkqubo yekhowudi yentshukumo yobuso".
Unoluvo lokuba uthungelwano lwe-neural eyenziweyo lunokusetyenziswa ukuhlalutya ngokuzenzekelayo inkangeleko yobuso babantu. Ngaphandle kokugxekwa kakhulu (inkqubo yokhuseleko kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya sika-Ekman izilingo ezilawulwayo), kukho ukhozo lwengqiqo kwezi ngxoxo.
Xa ejonga umntu oncumayo, umntu usenokucinga ukuba uyakhohlisa yaye akanakulunga. Kodwa ukuba wena (okanye ikhamera) ubona abantu abalikhulu bencumile, amathuba okuba uninzi lwabo bonwabeleβnjengokubukela iqhula elitshisayo lidlala.
Kumzekelo wamanani amakhulu, akubalulekanga kangako ukuba abanye abantu banokulawula iimvakalelo ngobuchule kangangokuba noNjingalwazi u-Ekman angaqhathwa. Ngokwamazwi engcali yomngcipheko uNassim Taleb, i-antifragility yenkqubo iphuculwe kakhulu xa umxholo wokucupha ikhamera ebandayo, engakhethi buso.
Ewe, asazi ukuba singabubona njani ubuxoki ngobuso - ngobukrelekrele bokwenziwa okanye ngaphandle kwayo. Kodwa siyiqonda kakuhle indlela yokumisela umgangatho wolonwabo kubantu abalikhulu okanye ngaphezulu.
Ukuqondwa kweemvakalelo kushishino
Indlela elula yokumisela iimvakalelo ezivela kumfanekiso wobuso isekelwe kuhlelo lwamanqaku aphambili, ulungelelwaniso olunokufumaneka ngokusebenzisa i-algorithms eyahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo amanqaku aneshumi elinesibini aphawulwe, ewadibanisa nendawo yamashiya, amehlo, imilebe, impumlo, umhlathi, ekuvumela ukuba ubambe imbonakalo yobuso.
Uvavanyo lwemvelaphi yeemvakalelo usebenzisa i-algorithms yomatshini sele inceda abathengisi ukuba badibanise kwi-intanethi kwi-intanethi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Itekhnoloji ikuvumela ukuba uvavanye ukusebenza kakuhle kweentengiso kunye namaphulo okuthengisa, ukugqiba umgangatho wenkonzo yabathengi kunye nenkonzo, kwaye uchonge indlela yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga yabantu.
Ukusebenzisa i-algorithms, unokulandelela imeko yeemvakalelo zabasebenzi eofisini (iofisi enabantu abadakumbileyo yiofisi yenkuthazo ebuthathaka, ukuphelelwa lithemba kunye nokubola) kunye "nesalathiso solonwabo" sabasebenzi kunye nabathengi ekungeneni nasekuphumeni.
I-Alfa-Bank kumasebe amaninzi iprojekthi yokulinga ukuhlalutya iimvakalelo zabathengi ngexesha langempela. Ii-algorithms zakha isalathisi esibalulekileyo sokwaneliseka kwabathengi, ukuchonga iintsingiselo kwiinguqu kwimbono yeemvakalelo yokutyelela isebe, kwaye unike uvavanyo lulonke lotyelelo.
KwiMicrosoft malunga nokuvavanya inkqubo yokuhlalutya imeko yeemvakalelo zababukeli kwi-cinema (uvavanyo olunenjongo yomgangatho wefilimu ngexesha lokwenyani), kunye nokumisela ophumeleleyo kwimbasa ye "Audience Award" kukhuphiswano lweImagine Cup ( uloyiso lwaphunyelelwa liqela elintsebenzo yalo abaphulaphuli basabela kakuhle kuyo) .
Konke oku kungasentla kusisiqalo nje sexesha elitsha ngokupheleleyo. KwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina State, ubuso babafundi bafotwa yikhamera ngelixa bethatha izifundo zemfundo. inkqubo yombono wekhompyutha eqaphela iimvakalelo. Ngokusekelwe kwidatha efunyenweyo, ootitshala balungise isicwangciso sokufundisa.
Kwinkqubo yemfundo, ngokubanzi, ingqwalasela enganeleyo ihlawulwa kuvavanyo lweemvakalelo. Kodwa unokuvavanya umgangatho wokufundisa, ukuzibandakanya kwabafundi, ukuchonga iimvakalelo ezingalunganga, kwaye ucwangcise inkqubo yemfundo ngokusekelwe kulwazi olufunyenweyo.
Ukwamkelwa kobuso Ividiyon: izibalo zabantu kunye neemvakalelo
Ngoku ingxelo yeemvakalelo iye yavela kwinkqubo yethu.
Indawo eyahlukileyo "yeMvakalelo" ivele kumakhadi okubona ubuso, kwaye kwithebhu ethi "Iingxelo" kwicandelo elithi "Ubuso" uhlobo olutsha lweengxelo luyafumaneka - ngeyure nangemini:
Kuyenzeka ukukhuphela idata yemvelaphi yazo zonke izinto ezifunyenweyo kwaye uvelise ezakho iingxelo ezisekelwe kuzo.
Kuze kube kutshanje, zonke iinkqubo zokuqaphela iimvakalelo zisebenza kwinqanaba leeprojekthi zovavanyo eziye zavavanywa ngononophelo. Iindleko zabaqhubi abanjalo zaziphezulu kakhulu.
Sifuna ukwenza uhlalutyo lube yinxalenye yehlabathi eliqhelekileyo leenkonzo kunye nezixhobo, ngoko ukususela namhlanje "iimvakalelo" ziyafumaneka kubo bonke abathengi be-Ivideon. Asazisi isicwangciso esikhethekileyo serhafu, asiboneleli ngeekhamera ezikhethekileyo, kwaye senze konke okusemandleni ethu ukuphelisa yonke imiqobo enokwenzeka. Iintlawulo zihlala zingatshintshi; nabani na unokudibanisa uhlalutyo lweemvakalelo kunye nokuqatshelwa kobuso kwi-ruble ye-1. ngenyanga.
Inkonzo inikezelwa umsebenzisi. Kwaye kuqhubeke siqokelele iinyani ezinomdla ngakumbi malunga nenkqubo ye-Ivideon yokuqaphela ubuso.
umthombo: www.habr.com