Kwinkomfa ye-Linux Plumbers 2021, iGoogle yathetha malunga nempumelelo yenyathelo layo lokuguqula iqonga le-Android ukusebenzisa i-Linux kernel eqhelekileyo endaweni yokusebenzisa inguqulo yayo ye-kernel, equka utshintsho oluthile kwi-platform ye-Android.
Inguqu ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni yayisigqibo sokutshintsha emva kwe-2023 kwimodeli ethi "Upstream First", oku kuthetha ukuphuhliswa kwazo zonke iimpawu ze-kernel ezifunekayo kwi-platform ye-Android ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Linux kernel enkulu, kwaye kungekhona kumasebe abo ahlukeneyo ( ukusebenza kuya kuqala kunyuswe kweyona iphambili). i-kernel, kwaye emva koko isetyenziswe kwi-Android, kwaye hayi ngokuphambeneyo). Kwakhona kucetywayo ukudlulisa zonke iipatches ezongezelelweyo ezisele kwisebe le-Android Common Kernel kwi-kernel ephambili kwi-2023 kunye ne-2024.
Ngokuphathelele kwikamva elikufutshane, kwi-platform ye-Android 12 ekulindeleke ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha, iindibano ze-kernel ze-"Generic Kernel Image" (GKI) ziya kunikwa, ngokusondeleyo kunokwenzeka kwi-5.10 kernel eqhelekileyo. Kolu lwakhiwo, ukukhutshwa rhoqo kohlaziyo kuya kunikezelwa, okuya kuthunyelwa kwindawo yokugcina i-ci.android.com. Kwi-kernel ye-GKI, izongezo ze-Android-specific platform-specific, kunye ne-hardware-related-related handlers ezivela kwi-OEMs, zifakwe kwiimodyuli ze-kernel ezihlukeneyo. Ezi modyuli azibophelwanga kwinguqu ye-kernel ephambili kwaye inokuphuhliswa ngokwahlukileyo, eyenza lula kakhulu ukugcinwa kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo kumasebe amatsha e-kernel.
I-interfaces efunwa ngabavelisi besixhobo iphunyezwa ngendlela yeekhonkco, ezikuvumela ukuba utshintshe ukuziphatha kwe-kernel ngaphandle kokwenza utshintsho kwikhowudi. Lilonke, i-android12-5.10 kernel inikezela ngee-hook ze-194 eziqhelekileyo, ezifana ne-tracepoints, kunye nee-hook ezikhethekileyo ze-107 ezivumela ukuba uqhube abaphathi kwiimeko ezingekho kwi-athomu. Kwi-kernel ye-GKI, abavelisi be-hardware banqatshelwe ukusebenzisa iipatches ezithile kwi-kernel engundoqo, kunye nezixhobo zokuxhasa i-hardware kufuneka zinikezelwe ngabathengisi kuphela ngendlela yeemodyuli ze-kernel ezongezelelweyo, ekufuneka ziqinisekise ukuhambelana ne-kernel engundoqo.
Masikhumbule ukuba iqonga le-Android liphuhlisa isebe layo le-kernel - i-Android Common Kernel, ngesiseko apho iindibano ezithile ezihlukeneyo zenziwe kwisixhobo ngasinye. Isebe ngalinye le-Android linika abavelisi iinketho ezininzi zoyilo lwe-kernel yezixhobo zabo. Ngokomzekelo, i-Android 11 inikeze ukhetho lweenkozo ezintathu ezisisiseko - i-4.14, 4.19 kunye ne-5.4, kunye ne-Android 12 iya kunika iinqununu ezisisiseko 4.19, 5.4 kunye ne-5.10. Inketho ye-5.10 yenzelwe njengoMfanekiso we-Generic Kernel, apho amandla ayimfuneko kwi-OEMs adluliselwe phezulu, afakwe kwiimodyuli okanye adluliselwe kwi-Android Common Kernel.
Ngaphambi kokufika kwe-GKI, i-kernel ye-Android yadlula kumanqanaba amaninzi okulungiselela:
- Ngokusekwe kwii-LTS kernels eziphambili (3.18, 4.4, 4.9, 4.14, 4.19, 5.4), isebe le "Android Common Kernel" lenziwe, apho iipatches ezikhethekileyo ze-Android zaye zatshintshelwa (ngaphambili ubukhulu benguqu bufikelela kwimigca yezigidi ezininzi. ).
- Ngokusekwe kwi "Android Common Kernel", abavelisi beetshiphu abanje ngeQualcomm, iSamsung kunye neMediaTek benza "i-SoC Kernel" ebandakanya izongezo zokuxhasa ihardware.
- Ngokusekelwe kwi-SoC Kernel, abavelisi besixhobo benza i-Device Kernel, ebandakanya utshintsho oluhambelana nenkxaso yezixhobo ezongezelelweyo, izikrini, iikhamera, iinkqubo zomsindo, njl.
Le ndlela yokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphunyezwa kohlaziyo lokuphelisa ubuthathaka kunye nokutshintshela kumasebe amatsha ekernel. Nangona i-Google ikhupha rhoqo uhlaziyo kwii-kernel zayo ze-Android (i-Android Common Kernel), abathengisi bahlala becotha ukuhambisa olu hlaziyo okanye basebenzisa i-kernel efanayo kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi besixhobo.
umthombo: opennet.ru