Itekhnoloji yezonyango itshintshe kakhulu mva nje. Izixhobo zobugcisa obuphezulu ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi: i-magnetic resonance imaging scanners, i-ultrasound yeklasi yeengcali kunye noomatshini be-X-ray, i-centrifuges, i-gas analyzers, i-hematological kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokuxilonga. Ezi zixhobo ziye zaphucula kakhulu umgangatho weenkonzo zonyango.
Ukukhusela izixhobo ezichanekileyo eziphezulu kumaziko ezonyango, izibhedlele kunye neekliniki, izixhobo zombane ezingenakuphazamiseka (UPS) zisetyenziswa. Ukongezelela, ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngenkonzo esemgangathweni kumaziko edatha apho iirekhodi zesigulane, iirekhodi zonyango, kunye nezicelo zokucwangcisa idatha zigcinwa. Bakwaxhasa unikezelo lwamandla lweenkqubo zolawulo lwezakhiwo ezikrelekrele.
Ngokophando olwenziwa yiLayibrari yoLuntu yeSayensi, ukuphuma kwamandla kumaziko ezonyango kuchaphazela kakubi yonke into ukusuka ekuboneleleni ngonyango olusisiseko ukugcina ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezinzima.
Ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokuphazamiseka konikezelo lwamandla ziintlekele zemvelo: imvula, ikhephu, izaqhwithi... Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimeko ezinjalo ziye zanda kulo lonke ihlabathi, yaye, ngokutsho kwephephancwadi lezonyango i<em>The New England Journal of Medicine, ukuthotha ayikalindelwa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amaziko okhathalelo lwezempilo agcine ukomelela okuphezulu ngexesha leemeko ezingxamisekileyo, xa amawaka ezigulane anokufuna ukhathalelo. Ke ngoko, imfuno yeenkqubo ezithembekileyo ze-UPS namhlanje inkulu kunangaphambili.
Iiklinikhi zaseRashiya: umba wokukhetha i-UPS ephezulu
Uninzi lwamaziko ezonyango eRashiya aphantsi korhulumente, ngoko ukuthengwa kwezixhobo kuqhutyelwa ngokukhuphisana. Ukukhetha i-UPS ethembekileyo kwaye ugweme iindleko ezingeyomfuneko kwixesha elizayo, kukho amanyathelo ama-5 okufuneka uwalandele xa ulungiselela ithenda.
1. Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko. Ukuze ugweme ukuphuka kunye nokulungiswa kweendleko, kunyanzelekile ukukhusela izixhobo zonyango ezixabisekileyo, ukufakwa kwebhubhoratri kumaziko ophando kunye noomatshini befriji apho izinto zebhayoloji zigcinwa nge-UPS.
Imithetho ekhethekileyo isekwe kwiiyunithi zokusebenza. Apha, isixhobo ngasinye senziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimeko yokuphuka, kwaye igumbi ngokwalo libonelelwa ngonikezelo lwamandla oluzinzile oluqinisekisiweyo.
Inethiwekhi yombane yamagumbi okusebenza kufuneka izimele ngokupheleleyo. Oku kufezekiswa ngokufakela i-transformer. Eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo kukutshintsha i-transformer nge-UPS yokuguqula kabini. Kwimodi yokudlula, ii-UPS ezinjalo aziphuli ukungathathi hlangothi (zero yokusebenza), kwaye oku kuphikisana neeGOST zonyango kunye neemfuno ze-SNIP.
2. Ukukhethwa kwamandla e-UPS kunye ne-topology. Izixhobo zonyango azinazo naziphi na iimfuno ezikhethekileyo kwezi parameters, ngoko ungasebenzisa i-UPS kubo nabaphi na abathengisi abanezatifikethi zamazwe ngamazwe zokuhambelana kombane.
Kufuneka wenze isigqibo kuphela kumandla asetyenziswa sisixhobo ngokukhetha ii-UPS zesigaba esisodwa okanye ezintathu. Kwizixhobo ezingabizi kakhulu, kwanele ukuthenga ii-UPS ezigciniweyo ezilula; kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo, ezo zine-linert okanye ezo zidalwe ngokwe-topology yokuguqulwa kabini kombane.
3. Ukukhetha uyilo lwe-UPS. Eli nyathelo liyatsitywa ukuba ugqiba ukufaka i-UPS yesigaba esisodwa - ziyi-monoblock.
Phakathi kwezixhobo ezithathu, iinketho zemodyuli zilungile, apho amandla kunye neeyunithi zebhetri zifakwe kwikhabhinethi enye okanye ngaphezulu exhunywe ngebhasi eqhelekileyo. Zinkulu kumagumbi okusebenza, kodwa zifuna iindleko eziphezulu zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ii-UPS zeemodyuli zizihlawulela ngokupheleleyo kwaye zithembeke kakhulu nge-N+1 yokungafuneki. Ukuba enye iyunithi yamandla iyasilela, inokuchithwa ngokulula ngokwayo kwaye ithunyelwe ukulungiswa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Xa ilungile, inyuswe ngasemva ngaphandle kokuvala i-UPS.
Ukulungiswa kwezixhobo zesigaba sesithathu se-monoblock kufuna injineli yenkonzo eqeqeshiweyo ukutyelela indawo yokufakela kwaye ingathatha iintsuku okanye iiveki.
4. Ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-UPS kunye neebhetri. Imibuzo yokucacisa xa ukhetha umthengisi:
- Ngaba umenzi unemizi-mveliso yakhe kunye neziko lophando?
- Ngaba iimveliso zine ISO 9001, 9014 izatifikethi?
- Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ezibonelelweyo?
- Ngaba likhona iqabane lenkonzo eligunyazisiweyo kwingingqi yakho ukuba libonelele ngoncedo lofakelo kunye nogunyaziso lwezixhobo, kunye nokugcinwa okulandelayo?
Uluhlu lweebhetri lukhethiwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno zobomi bebhetri: ixesha elide, ubukhulu bebhetri kufuneka bube bukhulu. Kumayeza, zimbini iintlobo zeebhetri ezihlala zisetyenziswa: i-asidi ekhokelayo kunye nobomi benkonzo yeminyaka eyi-3-6 kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezibiza kakhulu, ezinenani eliphezulu kakhulu lemijikelezo yokukhupha intlawulo, ubunzima obuphantsi kunye neemfuno ezisezantsi zobushushu, kunye nobomi benkonzo malunga neminyaka eyi-10.
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise iibhetri ze-lead-asidi ukuba inethiwekhi ikumgangatho olungileyo kwaye i-UPS iphantse yahlala ikwimo ye-buffer. Kodwa ukuba unikezelo lwamandla aluzinzile, kukho izithintelo kubukhulu kunye nobunzima, kufuneka unike ukhetho kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion.
5. Ukukhetha umthengisi. Umbutho ujongene nomsebenzi wokuthenga kuphela i-UPS, kodwa kunye nokuhambisa, ukuyifaka kunye nokuxhuma. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufumana umthengisi oya kuba liqabane elisisigxina: ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo ukugunyaziswa, ukuququzelela inkxaso yobugcisa kunye nokubeka iliso kude kwe-UPS.
Lo mbandela kufuneka unikwe ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo, kuba imigaqo yokuthenga ayithethi ukufakwa kunye nokugunyaziswa. Kukho umngcipheko wokushiywa kungekho nto-ukuthenga izixhobo, kodwa ungafumani ithuba lokuyisebenzisa.
Iingcali ezibandakanyekayo kwiziseko zobunjineli kufuneka zidibanise zombini isebe lezemali kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango, ekubeni ukuthengwa kwe-UPS kudla ngokucwangciswayo ngokubambisana nezixhobo zonyango ezitsha. Ukucwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweendleko kukuqinisekisa ukuba akuyi kubakho iingxaki ngokuthengwa kunye nokufakwa kwe-UPS.
Amatyala e-Delta Electronics: amava okufaka i-UPS kwimibutho yezonyango
I-Delta Electronics, kunye nenkampani yaseRashiya yokusabalalisa i-Tempesto CJSC, iphumelele ithenda yokubonelela ngezixhobo zokukhusela iinkqubo zombane. IZiko lezeNzululwazi kwiMpilo yaBantwana ye-Academy yaseRashiya yeSayensi yezoNyango (NCD RAMS). Ibonelela ngokhathalelo olukumgangatho wehlabathi kwaye yenza uphando olubalulekileyo lwezonyango.
I-SCDC RAMS ifake izixhobo zamva nje kunye nobuchwephesha obuchaneke kakhulu, obunovakalelo kakhulu ekucimeni kombane kunye nokunyuka kwamandla ombane. Ukugcina umgangatho ophezulu wokunyamekela izigulane ezincinci kunye nokuthintela ukulimala kwabasebenzi bezonyango ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo, umsebenzi wawumiselwe ukutshintsha iinkqubo zokukhusela umbane.
Kwindawo yeziko lesayensi, iilebhu kunye neefriji, uchungechunge lwe-UPS ΠΈ. Ngexesha lokucima kombane, ezi zisombululo zimbini zokuguqula ngokuthembekileyo zikhusela izixhobo zonyango. Ukhetho lwenziwe ngokuthanda olu hlobo lwe-UPS kuba:
- Iiyunithi ze-Modulon NH-Plus kunye ne-Ultron DPS zihambisa i-AC-AC ehamba phambili yokuguqulwa kwe-AC-AC;
- ube nomgangatho ophezulu wamandla (> 0,99);
- ebonakaliswe ngokuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic ephantsi kwigalelo (iTHD <3%);
- ukubonelela ngembuyekezo ephezulu kutyalo-mali (ROI);
- zifuna ubuncinane iindleko zokusebenza.
I-modularity ye-UPS ibonelela ngamathuba okukhutshwa ngokuhambelanayo kunye nokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kwezixhobo ezingaphumelelanga. Ukusilela kwenkqubo ngenxa yokusilela kwamandla akubandakanywa.
Emva koko, izixhobo zeDelta zafakwa kwiiklinikhi zamaziko okuxilonga kunye nokubonisana kwiziko lezeNzululwazi kwiZifo zaBantwana zeRussian Academy yeSayensi yezoNyango.
umthombo: www.habr.com