Iqela lophando lamavolontiya aseJamani naseMelika kwaye uthelekise ukhuseleko lwamanani amathandathu kunye neekhowudi ezine zePIN zokutshixa i-smartphone. Ukuba i-smartphone yakho ilahlekile okanye ibiwe, kungcono ukuba ubuncinci uqiniseke ukuba ulwazi luya kukhuselwa ekugqeni. Ngaba kunjalo?
UPhilipp Markert ovela kwiHorst Goertz Institute for IT Security kwiYunivesithi yaseRuhr Bochum kunye noMaximilian Golla ovela kwiMax Planck Institute for Security and Privacy bafumanisa ukuba kwi-psychology ilawula imathematika. Ngokwembono yezibalo, ukuthembeka kweekhowudi ze-PIN ezinedijithi ezintandathu kuphezulu kakhulu kunemivo ezine. Kodwa abasebenzisi bakhetha imidibaniso ethile yamanani, ngoko ke iikhowudi ezithile ze-PIN zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye oku phantse kucima umahluko wokuntsokotha phakathi kweekhowudi ezinedijithi ezintandathu kunye nezine.
Kwisifundo, abathathi-nxaxheba basebenzisa izixhobo ze-Apple okanye ze-Android kwaye babeka iikhowudi ze-PIN ezine okanye ezintandathu. Kwizixhobo ze-Apple eziqala nge-iOS 9, uluhlu olumnyama lwendibaniselwano yedijithali engavumelekanga kwiikhowudi ze-PIN zavela, ukhetho olunqatshelwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Abaphandi babenoluhlu olumnyama olusesandleni (kwi-6- kunye ne-4-code codes) kwaye baqhube ukukhangela ukudibanisa kwikhompyutheni. Uluhlu olumnyama lweekhowudi ze-PIN ezinedijithi ezi-4 ezifunyenwe kwi-Apple ziqulethe amanani angama-274, kunye namanani angama-6-2910.
Kwizixhobo ze-Apple, umsebenzisi unikwa iinzame ezili-10 zokufaka iPIN. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, kule meko uluhlu lwabamnyama alunangqiqo. Emva kwemizamo ye-10, kuye kwaba nzima ukuqikelela inombolo echanekileyo, nokuba ilula kakhulu (njenge-123456). Kwizixhobo ze-Android, ukungena kwekhowudi ye-PIN ye-11 kungenziwa kwiiyure ze-100, kwaye kulo mzekelo, uluhlu olumnyama sele luyindlela enokwethenjelwa ngakumbi yokugcina umsebenzisi ekungeneni ukudibanisa okulula kunye nokuthintela i-smartphone ukuba ikhutshwe ngamanani e-brute force.
Kuvavanyo, abathathi-nxaxheba be-1220 bakhetha ngokuzimeleyo iikhowudi ze-PIN, kwaye abafuni bazama ukuqikelela kwi-10, i-30 okanye i-100 imizamo. Ukukhethwa kokudibanisa kwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Ukuba uluhlu olumnyama lwenziwe lwasebenza, ii-smartphones zahlaselwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanani avela kuluhlu. Ngaphandle koluhlu olumnyama olwenziweyo, ukhetho lwekhowudi lwaqala ngokukhangela amanani kuluhlu lwabamnyama (njengawona asetyenziswa rhoqo). Ngexesha lovavanyo, kuye kwavela ukuba iPIN yekhowudi enamanani ama-4 ekhethwe ngobulumko, ngelixa inciphisa inani lokuzama ukungena, ikhuselekile kwaye ithembekile ngakumbi kunekhowudi enamanani ama-6.
Ezona khowudi ze-PIN zinemivo emi-4 yayiyi-1234, 0000, 1111, 5555 kunye no-2580 (le yintsika ethe nkqo kwiphedi yamanani). Uhlalutyo olunzulu lubonise ukuba uluhlu olumnyama olufanelekileyo lwee-PIN ezinamadijithi amane kufuneka luqulathe malunga namangeno ayi-1000 kwaye lwahluke kancinane kulowo wenziwa kwizixhobo ze-Apple.
Ekugqibeleni, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba iikhowudi ze-PIN ezinamadijithi ezi-4 kunye ne-6 zikhuselekile ngaphantsi kunamagama agqithisiweyo, kodwa zikhuseleke ngakumbi kunezitshixo ze-smartphone ezisekelwe kwipatheni. Igcwele iya kuboniswa eSan Francisco ngoMeyi ka-2020 kwiSimpoziyam ye-IEEE yoKhuseleko kunye noBucala.
umthombo: 3dnews.ru