В malunga neSpain, ndikhankanye izixhobo zokuhamba nge-elektroniki zeyacht yokuhamba elwandle. Omnye wabafundi wathi: “Inika umdla kakhulu indlela oku kwenziwa ngayo nzulu, kuhambo lwaselwandle.”
Ndizakuzama ukukuxelela ukuba zeziphi izixhobo zombane ezazikwiyacht yam kunye nendlela esasiqhagamshelwe ngayo. Owona mbono uphambili weyacht, ngokoluvo lwam, lolona lwazi luphezulu lwetekhnoloji yanamhlanje eyimfuneko ukuze uphile kwizinto zendalo. Into enjalo sisiphango, umoya onamandla, imvula, ingqele, ukufuma, okanye zonke ezi zidityanisiwe. Ke ngoko, ingaphandle yeyacht kufuneka ibe rhabaxa kwaye yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukumelana nezinto, kwaye ngaphakathi kwayo kufuneka ikhululeke ukuba umntu afumane kwaye alawule kwaye enze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ngexesha lovavanyo lwendalo.
Lo mfanekiso ubonisa umphezulu wemasti. Ngaphambi kokuba i-mast ifakwe kwi-yacht, leyo, njengomthetho, sele iqalisiwe, yonke into efunekayo ifakwe emhlabeni kwi-mast nangaphakathi kwi-mast.
Ngaphakathi kwimasti, kuhlala kukho iintambo zombane zezibane ezibalekayo phezulu kwimasti kunye nomqondiso we-anchor; kwimeko yokufaka i-eriyali ye-VHF - intambo ye-antenna, intambo evela kwisikhululo semozulu. Imasti yam yayinomqondiso kuphela kunye nokukhanya okubalekayo, kwaye i-VHF kunye ne-eriyali ze-GPS zazibekwe kwiireyili ngasemva kweyacht. Izibonakalisi zerada ezisebenzayo kunye nee-antenna zerada ngokwazo ezineentambo ezihambelanayo ngaphakathi kwimasti nazo zifakwe kwiimasti.
Inkqubo yamandla ombane
Iiphaneli zelanga zihlala zibekwe ngaphezulu kwehood yokutshiza (indawo encinci engasentla kwesango lendlu yamavili) okanye kwisakhiwo esingasemva.
Iilokha ezisemva ngaphantsi kwezitulo zoonogada zineebhetri. Kutshanje, iibhetri zeLithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) ziye zaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-yachtsmen. Banamandla kakhulu kwaye balula. Ngokufanelekileyo, kukho isilawuli sepaneli yelanga kunye nesilawuli sokutshaja ibhetri. Kukwakho ne-inverter esuka kwi-12 volts ye-on-board power supply ukuya kwi-19 volts yokudibanisa ilaptop kunye nezihlanganisi ezilula umdiza njengasemotweni.
Kukho isixokelelwano sombane esiselunxwemeni esakhelwe ngaphakathi esingama-220 volt. Iqukethe i-fuses ye-thermal, iziseko eziqhelekileyo, kunye neentambo zokwandiswa kunye neentlobo ezimbini zeeplagi zendalo yonke, ezithandwa kakhulu ngokudibanisa i-yacht kumandla ombane kwi-marina (kwindawo yokupaka). Kukho itshaja yebhetri yombane eqhelekileyo evela kumandla onxweme.
Injini yedizili emileyo idla ngokuba nejenereyitha yombane efakiweyo. Kwiimodeli ze-injini ezindala, idityaniswe ngokwesakhiwo kunye nesiqalisi se-injini yombane.
Ngamanye amaxesha iijenereyitha zomoya zifakelwa kwiiyacht kwimeko yobumnyama (iipaneli zelanga azisebenzi kwimozulu enjalo) okanye ukungabikho okanye ukuphuka kwejeneretha ye-diesel.
Izixhobo zokukunceda uhambe
Esona sixhobo sibalulekileyo kumphathi-nqanawa ngumfumani weentlanzi. Esi sixhobo sibonisa ngexesha lokwenyani kwiscreen sekristale elulwelo umgama wokwenyani ukusuka kwi-yacht's fin ukuya ezantsi.
I-Doppler hydroacoustic log okanye i-echo sounder ejonge phambili ingabonisa kwisikrini kungekuphela nje isantya esipheleleyo sesikhephe esinxulumene nomhlaba, kodwa kunye neempawu zomhlaba ophambi kwesaphetha se-yacht. Ayizizo zonke iiyacht ezinesi sixhobo. Ngokukodwa, inokubonisa iintlanzi, iidolphin kunye neminenga ngokuthe ngqo ngaphantsi kweyacht kwisikrini sokujonga.
Iiyacht ezindala zihlala zinelogi ye-electromechanical. Enyanisweni, yi-impeller nje, ukuguqulwa kwayo kubalwa kusetyenziswa inzwa ye-electromagnetic.
Kukho ikhampasi yamagnetic ene-backlight yombane.
Isikhululo semozulu esibandakanya, phakathi kwezinye izixhobo, i-anemometer yokulinganisa isantya somoya. Isikhululo sikuvumela ukuba urekhode ulwalathiso lomoya lwangoku kunye noxinzelelo lomoya.
Kukwakho nesixhobo sokukhangela esingxamisekileyo ngeenkwenkwezi-i-sextant. Kodwa ngoku linani elincinci labakhweli abaziyo ukulisebenzisa. Ukusukela ukuba esi sixhobo sitshintshe ngempumelelo isamkeli seGPS. Kwaye endaweni ye-sextant engxamisekileyo, bathatha i-GPS ye-spare manual kwiibhetri. Ilaptop iya kufuna i-USB GPS. Akukho GPS ininzi kakhulu kwi-yacht :)
I-Radar sisixhobo esibonisa imiqobo ngaphakathi kwimitha engamawaka aliqela, kodwa ngexesha lemozulu embi enemvula ukubonakala kwayo kushiya okuninzi okufunwayo. Kananjalo akaboni iinqanawa ezizayo emva kwelitye okanye i-cape.
Bayanda abantu abasebenzisa i-AIS elwandle. Inkqubo yokuchonga ngokuzenzekelayo sisixhobo sedijithali esithi, ngejelo likanomathotholo, utshintshise ulungelelwaniso kunye nezifundo zeenqanawa ngaphakathi komda weekhilomitha ezi-3-4, kuxhomekeke kumandla abathumeli. Esi sixhobo asinayo i-radar, kodwa kuphela ukuba zonke iinqanawa ezizayo zixhotyiswe ngesixhobo esifanayo. Nto leyo ayisoloko isenzeka. Ukapteni unokulucima nombane kwesi sixhobo.
I-Espot kunye ne-EPIRB (iNdawo eNgxamisekileyo ebonisa i-Radio Beacon) kunye nefowuni yesathelayithi ikuvumela ukuba uthumele ulwazi malunga nendawo yeyacht ngeesathelayithi ezikude ukusuka elunxwemeni ukuya kwiziko lokuhlangula okanye ngokulula kwi-Intanethi. .
Kwaye okokugqibela, eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokufumana ulungelelwaniso kunye noqikelelo lwemozulu elwandle sisikhululo sikanomathotholo seVHF. Kufuneka ulinde umkhumbi odlulayo ukuba uvele kwindawo ebonakalayo kwaye ucele ulwazi oluyimfuneko ngerediyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kuqikelelo lwemozulu kwikamva elikufutshane kunye nolungelelwaniso lwangoku.
Malunga neemeko ezigqithisileyo
Ukuba ikhronometer yenqanawa ilahlekile okanye yophukile, unokucela ixesha elichanekileyo ngerediyo. Kodwa ngefowuni ephathwayo yanamhlanje, phantse akukho mntu unesidingo esinjalo.
Amagama ambalwa malunga nekhronometer yenqanawa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ziwotshi zoomatshini okanye zequartz ezinentshukumo echanekileyo, ezibekwe kwisitya esingenamanzi esenziwe ngeglasi kunye nobhedu. Konke oku kulungiselelwe imeko yesixhobo ukuba sisemanzini okwethutyana ukuba, i-yacht ijika ijikeleze ngokupheleleyo kwi-axis yayo yobude (i-overkill). Ngexesha lokugcwala, iiyacht zanamhlanje zihlala ziphulukana nemasti yazo.
Eyona meko ilula ngokulahleka kozinzo lweyacht kukubhula. Xa kubonakala ngathi, phantsi kweempembelelo zamaza kunye nomoya, i-yacht ibeke ngokupheleleyo i-mast emanzini, kodwa kunjalo, ngenxa ye-ballast kunye nokulinganisela kwemikhosi, imile kwi-keel elinganayo.
Izixhobo zokukhangela kunye nezicwangcisi zeetshathi
Ndiyayithanda yonke into malunga nabacwangcisi betshathi yee-euro ezingama-2000, ngaphandle kwexabiso. Ukuba awuthatheli ngqalelo izixhobo ezibizayo, kukho malunga neenketho ezimbalwa zokuxhobisa isikhephe ngendlela efanayo, kodwa ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Ukhetho lokuqala kukuthenga iPanasonic Toughpad FZ-M1 esele isetyenzisiwe kunye nerhabaxa okanye ithebhulethi efanayo (). . Kwaye faka inkqubo yeOSS yokukhangela yeyacht kule tablet kunye neetshathi ezindala ze-elektroniki ze-nautical. Okanye, eyona ikhethwayo, thenga ngokusemthethweni iimephu ezintsha zengingqi apho wenze khona utshintsho. Nangona kunjalo, iimephu zehlabathi lonke kodwa iminyaka eyi-10 ubudala zikwaluncedo ukuba nazo. Ulwazi olusisiseko apho luhlala lufanelekile kuhambo.
Kukho inketho efikelelekayo. I-Ricebury Pie 4 entsha ene-OpenCPN (okanye oku kodwa kusafuneka wongeze iradiyetha, ibhetri kunye neblotha ukufunxa i-condensation.) - 100 euros (okanye , inesokhethi yokudibanisa ibhetri okanye i-Orange - ingabizi kakhulu).
Okukhuselweyo okufanayo (IP65 / NEMA4) esweni ii-euro ezingama-200 (Ungadibanisa imonitha ngescreen esichukumisayo kumphezulu wesikrini nge-145 euro + egcinwe kunye ne-sealant engenamanzi). Iintambo kunye nezixhumi ezikhuselweyo kumanzi avela eChina - i-euro engama-30.
Uqikelelo lwemozulu lwangoku lweentsuku ezi-3 ezingaphambili OpenCPN, ukuba uneplagi efakiweyo kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi nge-WiFi, unokuyikhuphela kwiseva yemozulu. Kubalulekile ukwenza oku ngaphambi kokuba uhambe kwaye usekelwe kuphela kwisimo sezulu kunye nezinye izinto (ukulungela umkhumbi kunye nabasebenzi) ukwenza izigqibo malunga nokuhamba kwe-yacht ukuya elwandle. Ukhuseleko lwe-yacht elwandle luxhomekeke kwesi sigqibo, ngokuqwalasela zonke izinto.
Ungakha kwakhona , ngokusekelwe kwimodyuli yokwamkela umabonwakude wedijithali ye-euro ye-20 (ebizwa ngokuba yi-"dongles", "whistles" habr.com/post/149702 habr.com/post/373465), kodwa uvakalelo lweso sixhobo kunye nokuthembeka kuya kuthandabuza. Kungcono ukuthenga isixhobo esikhethekileyo.
Ukuqhagamshela izixhobo kwisixhobo sethu sokukhangela
Olu lunxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-Garmin fish finder (okanye nasiphi na isixhobo "esicothayo" kunye nenkqubo yokukhangela. Kucacile ukuba endaweni ye-DB-9 basebenzisa i-USB . Nceda uqaphele ukuba zonke iintambo kunye nezihlanganisi kufuneka zingangeni manzi.
I-autopilot yombane elula
inokudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-OpenCPN njengaso nasiphi na esinye isixhobo se-yachting. Kwaye iya kugcina ikhosi ngokungqongqo ngokwendlela yakho. Kodwa kuya kufuneka ukubeka iliso utshintsho lomoya.
Ukuba umoya uyatshintsha, isikhululo semozulu siya kukulumkisa njengewotshi ye-alam kwaye kuya kufuneka uhlengahlengise iiseyile kwindlela eyahlukileyo.
Ukusuka kwibhetri enye yanamhlanje etshajwayo ngemini enelanga kwiiphaneli zesola ezi-2, esi sixhobo siya kusebenza malunga neeyure ezisi-8. Oko kuya kukunika ithuba lokufumana ubuthongo. Kwisiphango, isixhobo solu didi ngelishwa asinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukulawula i-yacht. Ngoko ke, uya kufuna iqabane, okanye kufuneka ufake i-hydraulic device enamandla ngakumbi. Njengokhetho, fakela i-wind thruster yoomatshini.
Imicrowave
Esi sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu kwi-yacht. Inyaniso kukuba ngexesha lokuduma kwezulu unokufihla zonke izinto zombane (iipilisi, iifowuni eziphathwayo, iilaptops) kwi-microwave. Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zakho zokuhamba xa kukho ukubetha kombane ngokuthe ngqo kwimasti kunye nokukhutshwa kombane ngoku kwi-hull ye-yacht.
Ukongezelela, kwi-marina, kwindawo yokupaka, ngokudibanisa i-oven microwaves kwinethiwekhi ye-volt 220, unokupheka ukutya kwaye udibanise ngokukhawuleza ukutya.
umthombo: www.habr.com