Ngu Ngokutsho kohlolisiso lwakutshanje lweGallup, inani labantu baseRashiya abanqwenela ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe liye laphindaphindeka kathathu kule minyaka ili-11 idluleyo. Uninzi lwaba bantu (44%) bangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-29. Kwakhona, ngokwezibalo, iUnited States ngokuzithemba phakathi kwawona mazwe anqwenelekayo ukufuduka phakathi kwamaRashiya.
Ngoko ke, ndagqiba ekubeni ndiqokelele kwidatha enye yezinto eziphathekayo kwiintlobo zee-visa ezifanelekileyo kwiingcali ze-IT (abaqulunqi, abathengisi, njl.) kunye noosomashishini, kwaye ndibancedise ngamakhonkco kwiinkonzo eziluncedo zokuqokelela ulwazi kunye namatyala okwenene abantu basekhaya. sele bekwazile ukudlula ngale ndlela.
Ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-visa
Kubasebenzi be-IT kunye noosomashishini, iintlobo ezintathu zee-visa zomsebenzi zezona zilungileyo:
- H1B - i-visa yomsebenzi oqhelekileyo, efunyenwe ngabasebenzi abafumene isipho esivela kwinkampani yaseMelika.
- L1 -I-visa yokudluliselwa kwabasebenzi beenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. Le yindlela abasebenzi abafudukela eUnited States besuka kwiiofisi zenkampani yaseMelika kwamanye amazwe.
- O1 -i-visa yeengcali ezibalaseleyo kwintsimi yazo.
Nganye kwezi zikhetho zineenzuzo kunye nezibi.
H1B: uncedo lomqeshi kunye nezabelo
Abantu abangenabo ubumi base-US okanye ukuhlala ngokusisigxina kufuneka bafumane i-visa ekhethekileyo - i-H1B - ukusebenza kweli lizwe. Irisithi yayo ixhaswa ngumqeshi - kufuneka alungiselele iphakheji yamaxwebhu kwaye ahlawule iintlawulo ezahlukeneyo.
Yonke into ilungile apha kumqeshwa - inkampani ihlawula yonke into, ilunge kakhulu. Kukho iisayithi ezikhethekileyo, njengomthombo , ngoncedo apho unokufumana iinkampani ezimema kakhulu abasebenzi kwi-visa ye-H1B.
Abaxhasi be-visa abaphezulu be-20 ngokwedatha ye-2019
Kodwa kukho i-drawback enye - ayinguye wonke umntu ofumene isipho kwinkampani yaseMelika uya kukwazi ukuza emsebenzini kwangoko.
Ii-visa ze-H1B zixhomekeke kwizabelo ezitshintsha qho ngonyaka. Ngokomzekelo, i-quota yalo nyaka-mali ka-2019 ngamawaka angama-65 kuphela. Ngaphezu koko, kunyaka ophelileyo izicelo ezili-199 lamawaka zangeniswa ukuze zifunyanwe. Baninzi abafake izicelo kunee-visa ezikhutshiweyo, ke ilotho ibanjwa phakathi kwabafaki-zicelo. Kuyavela ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje ithuba lokuyiphumelela li-1 kwisi-XNUMX.
Ukongeza, ukufumana i-visa kunye nokuhlawula yonke imirhumo kubiza umqeshi ubuncinci i-10 yeedola, ukongeza ekuhlawuleni imivuzo. Ke kufuneka ube yitalente exabiseke kakhulu kwinkampani ukuba igxininise kakhulu kwaye usemngciphekweni wokungamboni umqeshwa kweli lizwe ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ilotho ye-H000B.
I-visa ye-L1
Ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu zaseMelika ezineeofisi kwamanye amazwe zidlula izithintelo ze-visa ze-H1B ngokusebenzisa ii-visa ze-L. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zale visa - enye yazo ijoliswe ekutshintshelweni kwabaphathi abaphezulu, kwaye enye yeyokuthutha abasebenzi abanetalente (ezikhethekileyo abasebenzi bolwazi) ukuya eMelika.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuze ukwazi ukufudukela eUnited States ngaphandle kwezabelo okanye ilotho, umqeshwa ufanele asebenze kwiofisi yangaphandle kangangonyaka.
Iinkampani ezifana noGoogle, Facebook kunye neDropbox zisebenzisa esi sikimu ukuthutha iingcali ezinetalente. Umzekelo, inkqubo eqhelekileyo kulapho umqeshwa esebenza ixesha elithile kwiofisi eDublin, eIreland, aze emva koko aye eSan Francisco.
Ukungalungi kolu khetho kucacile - kufuneka ube ngabasebenzi abaxabisekileyo ukuze ungabi nomdla kwisiqalo esincinci esilula, kodwa inkampani eneofisi kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Emva koko kuya kufuneka usebenze kwilizwe elinye ixesha elide, kwaye emva koko uye kwisibini (e-USA). Kubantu beentsapho oku kunokuzisa ubunzima obuthile.
Visa O1
Olu hlobo lwe-visa lujoliswe kubantu "abanobuchule obungaqhelekanga" kwii-niches zabo. Ngaphambili, yayisetyenziswa ngakumbi ngabantu bobugcisa bokudala kunye neembaleki, kodwa kamva yayisetyenziswa ngakumbi ziingcali ze-IT kunye noosomashishini.
Ukuze kuqondwe inqanaba lokuzikhethela kunye nokungaqhelekanga komfaki-sicelo, amanqaku amaninzi aphuhlisiwe ekufuneka anike ubungqina ngawo. Ke, nantsi into oyifunayo ukuze ufumane i-visa ye-O1:
- iimbasa kunye namabhaso;
- ubulungu kwimibutho yobuchwephesha eyamkela iingcali ezingaqhelekanga (kwaye ayinguye wonke umntu onokuhlawula umrhumo wobulungu);
- uloyiso kukhuphiswano lobungcali;
- ukuthatha inxaxheba njengelungu lejaji kukhuphiswano lobuchwephesha (igunya elicacileyo lokuvavanya umsebenzi wezinye iingcali);
- ukukhankanywa kumajelo eendaba (iinkcazo zeeprojekthi, udliwano-ndlebe) kunye noshicilelo lwakho kwiijenali ezikhethekileyo okanye zenzululwazi;
- ukubamba isikhundla esibalulekileyo kwinkampani enkulu;
- Nabuphi na ubungqina obongezelelweyo nabo bamkelwa.
Kucacile ukuba ukuze ufumane le visa kufuneka ngokwenene ube yingcaphephe eyomeleleyo kwaye uhlangabezane noko kuluhlu olungasentla. Ukungalungi kwe-visa kubandakanya ubunzima bokuyifumana, imfuneko yokuba nomqeshi egameni lakhe uxwebhu lwezikhalazo luya kufakwa ukuze luqwalaselwe, kunye nokungakwazi ukutshintsha imisebenzi ngokulula - unokuqeshwa kuphela yinkampani efake isicelo. isikhalazo kwinkonzo yokufuduka.
Inzuzo ephambili kukuba inikwe iminyaka emi-3; akukho zabelo okanye ezinye izithintelo kubanini bayo.
Imeko yokwenyani yokufumana i-visa ye-O1 ichazwe kwiHabrahabr in .
Ukuqokelela ulwazi
Nje ukuba wenze isigqibo malunga nohlobo lwe-visa olukufanelayo, kufuneka ulungiselele ukuhamba kwakho. Ukongeza ekufundeni amanqaku kwi-Intanethi, kukho inani leenkonzo onokufumana ngazo ulwazi olunomdla kuqala. Nazi ezimbini ezikhankanywa rhoqo kwimithombo yoluntu:
Inkonzo yokubonisana egxile ekuphenduleni imibuzo malunga nokufudukela ngokuthe ngqo e-USA. Yonke into isebenza ngokulula - kwiwebhusayithi unokufikelela kumaxwebhu aqinisekisiweyo ngamagqwetha kunye neenkcazo zenyathelo ngenyathelo lokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-visa, okanye u-odole ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kwimibuzo yakho.
Umsebenzisi ushiya isicelo apho abonisa khona imibuzo enomdla (ukusuka kwiingxaki zokukhetha uhlobo lwe-visa ukuya kwimiba yengqesho, ukuqhuba ishishini kunye nobunzima bemihla ngemihla, njengokufumana izindlu kunye nokuthenga imoto). Iimpendulo zinokufunyanwa ngexesha lokufowuna kwevidiyo okanye kwifomathi yombhalo kunye nekhonkco kumaxwebhu asemthethweni, izimvo ezivela kwiingcali ezifanelekileyo - ukusuka kumagqwetha e-visa ukuya kubagcini-mali kunye nabathengi. Zonke ezo ngcali zikhethiweyo - umsebenzisi ufumana iingcebiso kwiingcali apho iqela lenkonzo sele lisebenze kunye nabo.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, abasebenzisi banokuyalela inkonzo yophawu lomntu - iqela leprojekthi liya kunceda ukuthetha malunga nempumelelo yobuchwephesha kwimidiya enkulu yolwimi lwesiRashiya kunye nesiNgesi - oku kuya kuba luncedo, umzekelo, ukufumana i-visa ye-O1 echazwe ngasentla.
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Enye inkonzo yengcebiso esebenza kwimodeli eyahlukileyo kancinci. Liqonga apho abasebenzisi banokufumana kwaye babonisane nabangaphandle abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nezixeko.
Emva kokukhetha ilizwe elifunwayo kunye nendlela yokuhamba (i-visa yomsebenzi, ukufunda, njl.), inkqubo ibonisa uluhlu lwabantu abafudukela kule ndawo ngendlela efanayo. Ukubonisana kunokuhlawulwa okanye kusimahla - konke kuxhomekeke kwiminqweno yomcebisi othile. Unxibelelwano lwenzeka ngencoko.
Ukongeza kwiinkonzo zokubonisana ezisekwe ngabantu abathetha isiRashiya, kukwakho nemithombo yolwazi eluncedo kumazwe ngamazwe. Nazi ezona ziluncedo kwiingcali ezicinga ngokushukuma:
Inkonzo idibanisa idatha kwimivuzo kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe elinikezelwa ziinkampani zaseMelika. Ukusebenzisa le ndawo, unokufumanisa ukuba bangakanani abadwelisi benkqubo abahlawulwa kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-Amazon, i-Facebook okanye i-Uber, kwaye uthelekise imivuzo yeenjineli kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nezixeko.
I-Paysa inokubonisa ezona zakhono zinengeniso kunye nobuchwepheshe. Kuyenzeka ukubona umndilili wemivuzo yabafundi abaphumelele kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo - into eluncedo kwabo bacinga ngokufunda e-USA ngenjongo yokwakha ikhondo lomsebenzi kwixesha elizayo.
Isiphelo: Amanqaku angama-5 anemizekelo yokwenyani yokufuduswa kweengcali kunye nabasomashishini
Ekugqibeleni, ndakhetha amanqaku aliqela awayebhalwe ngabantu abafudukela eUnited States ukuze basebenze apho. Ezi zixhobo ziqulethe iimpendulo kwimibuzo emininzi malunga nokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-visa, ukudlula udliwano-ndlebe, ukuhlala kwindawo entsha, njalo njalo:
Ukuba uyazi naziphi na izixhobo eziluncedo, iinkonzo, amanqaku, amakhonkco angafakwanga kwesi sihloko, wabelane ngawo kumazwana, ndiya kuhlaziya izinto okanye ndibhale entsha, ngakumbi.
eneenkcukacha. Enkosi nonke ngengqalelo yenu!
Umthombo: www.habr.com