Siyakuxelela ukuba ngubani olindelwe phesheya kwaye uphendule imibuzo engathandekiyo malunga nokufuduswa kweengcali ze-IT ziye eNgilani naseJamani.
Singaphakathi phinda zithunyelwa rhoqo. Siguqulela ngononophelo nganye kuzo kwaye siyithumele kumxhasi. Kwaye ngokwengqondo sinqwenela inhlanhla kumntu ogqiba ukutshintsha into ethile ebomini bakhe. Utshintsho luhlala lungcono, akunjalo? 😉
Ngaba ungathanda ukufumanisa ukuba wamkelekile phesheya kwaye ufumane imiyalelo yokufudukela eYurophu? Nathi siyayifuna! Ngoko ke, silungiselele uluhlu lwemibuzo kwaye siya kubabuza kubahlobo bethu - inkampani , apho iingcali ezithetha isiRashiya zincedwa ukuba zifumane umsebenzi zize zakhe umsebenzi ophumelelayo kwamanye amazwe.
Aba bafana kutshanje baphehlelele iprojekthi entsha kaYouTube , apho abalinganiswa babelane ngamabali abo okufudukela eNgilani, eJamani naseSweden, baze baphelise iintsomi ngokusebenza nokuhlala kwamanye amazwe.
Dibana nomnxibelelanisi wethu namhlanje, u-Elmira Maksudova, i-IT kunye nomcebisi wekhondo lomsebenzi.
Elmira, nceda usixelele ukuba yintoni edla ngokukhuthaza abantu bethu ukuba bafudukele eNgilani?
Ewe, wonke umntu unezakhe izizathu kwaye akusiyo nje into enye etyhala umntu ukuba ahambe, kodwa iseti yeemeko.
Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi:
- Imali: umvuzo, inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi.
- Umgangatho wobomi kunye namathuba avelayo: inqanaba lenkcubeko, imozulu / i-ecology, ukhuseleko, ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo, amayeza, umgangatho wemfundo.
- Ithuba lokuphuhlisa ubuchwephesha: uninzi lweengcali ze-IT esizivavanyile zivavanya inqanaba lobugcisa leeprojekthi zaseRussia “njengephantsi kakhulu” okanye “ephantsi,” kubandakanywa nenyani yokuba uninzi lwetekhnoloji yaseNtshona iqala ukutshintshwa zizisombululo zaseRussia, eziyimiyalelo emininzi. ubukhulu ngasemva. Kwakhona, ngokweziphumo zophando, abaninzi abaphuhlisi badandathekile ngurhulumente kunye nenqanaba lolawulo lwaseRashiya.
- Ukungaqiniseki kunye nokungazinzi kuluntu, ukungabikho kokuzithemba kwikamva.
Iposwe ngaphakathi
Zeziphi iingcali ezinawona mathuba aphezulu okufumana umsebenzi olungileyo ngokulula nangokukhawuleza?
Ukuba sithetha nge-UK, ngoko kwizikhundla ezinqongopheleyo kunye nenkqubo elula yokufumana i-visa yomsebenzi ngokutsho zibandakanya abaphathi bemveliso, abaphuhlisi, abayili bemidlalo, kunye neengcali zokhuseleko lwe-cyber. Iinjineli zokuvavanya kunye nabahlalutyi, i-DevOps, iinjineli zenkqubo (i-virtualization kunye nezisombululo zamafu), abaPhathi beNkqubo, ukufundwa komatshini kunye neengcali zeDatha enkulu nazo ziyafuneka. Imfuno yezi zinto zikhethekileyo ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo. Imeko iyafana nakumazwe anjengeJamani, iHolland, neSwitzerland.
Ngaba imfundo yaseYurophu inyanzelekile?
Imfundo yaseYurophu ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyomfuneko. Kwaye ukuba imfundo ephakamileyo inyanzelekile kuxhomekeke kwilizwe.
Ukufumana i-visa yase-UK Ukuba nediploma kwi-specialty akuyomfuneko enyanzelekileyo.
Kodwa, umzekelo, eJamani imeko yahlukile. Ukuba kunokwenzeka ukufumana, ke idiploma yemfundo ephakamileyo iyafuneka ukuze ufumane le visa. Kwakhona, idiploma kufuneka ibe kwisiseko sedatha. Umviwa ngokwakhe unokujonga ubukho beyunivesithi kule database, kwaye kuya kuba ngcono ngakumbi ukuba ukhankanya oku ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe. Ukuba iyunivesiti yakho ayikho kwindawo yedatha ye-Anabin, kufuneka iqinisekiswe kuyo - iSebe eliPhakathi kwiMfundo yaNgaphandle.
Ukuba sithetha malunga nemvume yokusebenza yaseJamani, ngoko ngaphandle kwemfundo ephakamileyo unokufumana ithuba lokuhlala nokusebenza eJamani, kodwa kuthatha ixesha elide kwaye kuyingozi. Apha kulapho iitshekhi ezininzi ziya kufuneka. Sinemeko enjalo emsebenzini wethu ngoku. Xa ufaka isicelo se-visa yomsebenzi, iileta zokucebisa zazifuneka, ubungqina bokuba kukho uxhulumaniso olusondeleyo phakathi kwamava angaphambili kunye nesikhundla apho umxhasi afaka isicelo.
Ayizizo zonke iinkampani ezaziyo ukuba olu khetho lunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokubonisana, ndihlala ndigxininisa ukuba abaviwa ngokwabo kufuneka bazi yonke into malunga ne-visa yomsebenzi kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, xelela umqeshi ukuba oku kunokwenzeka kwaye ngawaphi amaxwebhu kufuneka aqokelelwe. Amatyala xa umviwa elungiselela eyakhe imvume yokusebenza aqhelekile, ngakumbi eJamani.
Ifoto nguFelipe Furtado kwi-Unsplash
Yintoni ebaluleke ngakumbi - amava omsebenzi okanye izakhono ezithile? Kwaye ukuba izakhono, ngoko yintoni?
Okubalulekileyo asikokuba uneminyaka emingaphi usebenza, kodwa kukubaluleka kwamava akho. Sinabathengi abaninzi abatshintsha intsimi yabo yomsebenzi kwaye bafumane imfundo kwintsimi ehluke ngokupheleleyo, umzekelo, izinto zokusebenza → ulawulo lweprojekthi, iteknoloji yenethiwekhi → uhlalutyo lwedatha, uphuhliso → uyilo lwesicelo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, namava eprojekthi ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-dissertation okanye i-internship iba yinto efanelekileyo kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiprofayile yakho kunokuba, umzekelo, amava olawulo kwiminyaka emi-5 eyadlulayo.
Izakhono ezinzima kwiingcali zobuchwepheshe zibalulekile ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwinqanaba lolwalathiso. Amaxesha amaninzi, izithuba zibonelela ngomxube wetekhnoloji, oko kukuthi, hayi iminyaka emi-5 kwiC ++, kodwa amava okusebenzisa ubuchwephesha obuninzi: C ++, Erlang, Kernel Development (Unix/Linux/Win), Scala, njl.
Izakhono ezithambileyo zibaluleke kakhulu. Oku kukuqonda ikhowudi yenkcubeko, ukukwazi ukunxibelelana ngendlela efanelekileyo, ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nokufumana ukuqondana kwimiba yomsebenzi. Konke oku kuhlolwa kwinqanaba lodliwano-ndlebe. Kodwa nje “ukuthetha ubomi bakho bonke” akusayi kusebenza. Kukho imathematika ethile eyakhelwe kwinkqubo yodliwano-ndlebe, ngokwesiseko apho uvavanyo lomviwa lwenziwa khona. Sikunceda ufunde le mithetho kwaye ufunde ukudlala ngemithetho yabaqeshi.
Elmira, ndixelele ngokunyanisekileyo, ngaba ufuna ukwazi isiNgesi ukuze usebenze eNgilani?
Iingcali ze-IT zobugcisa zihlala zinolwazi olusisiseko lwesiNgesi ubuncinane kwinqanaba lobugcisa - wonke umsebenzi ngandlela-thile uhambelana nesiNgesi (imiyalelo, ikhowudi, izixhobo zoqeqesho, amaxwebhu omthengisi, njl.). Inqanaba lobugcisa bolwimi liya kukwanela kwimbalelwano, amaxwebhu, ukuya kwiinkomfa - ezi ziinqanaba zokungena kunye nenqanaba eliphakathi kubaphuhlisi, iinjineli zenkqubo kunye neenethiwekhi, iinjineli zedatha, abahloli, abaphuhlisi beselula. Ingxoxo kwinqanaba eliphakathi, xa unokuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo, uchaze izigqibo kunye neengcamango zakho - oku sele sele kukwinqanaba eliPhezulu leendima ezifanayo. Kukho iindima zobugcisa (kungakhathaliseki inqanaba leJunior okanye eliPhezulu) apho ukuthetha kakuhle kwesiNgesi kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kunokuba ngummiselo wokuvavanya umgqatswa - Ukuthengiswa kwangaphambili / ukuthengisa, iinjineli, abaqulunqi, inkqubo kunye nabahlalutyi bezoshishino, abayili bezakhiwo, iiProjekthi kunye nabaphathi beeMveliso. , inkxaso yomsebenzisi (iMpumelelo yoMthengi / uMphathi weNkxaso yoMthengi), abaphathi beakhawunti.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, isiNgesi esithethwa kakuhle siyadingeka ngabaphathi: umzekelo, kwiindima ezifana nenkokeli yeqela, umlawuli weteknoloji, umlawuli wemisebenzi (ulawulo lweziseko ze-IT) okanye umlawuli wophuhliso lweshishini.
Kuthekani ngesiJamani/isiDatshi nezinye iilwimi ngaphandle kwesiNgesi?
Ngokumalunga nolwazi lolwimi lwendawo eJamani, eHolland naseSwitzerland, azidingeki ukuba uthetha isiNgesi. Kwizixeko ezingamakomkhulu ngokuqhelekileyo akukho mfuneko ikhethekileyo yokwazi ulwimi, kodwa kwezinye izixeko ubomi bakho buya kuba lula ngakumbi ukuba uthetha ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni.
Ukuba wenza izicwangciso ezikude, ngoko kuyavakala ukufunda ulwimi. Kwaye kungcono uqale ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Okokuqala, uya kuziva uzithembile (xa ubhalisa, ukhangela indawo yokuhlala, njl.), kwaye okwesibini, uya kubonisa inkampani umdla wakho.
Ubudala? Bakwiminyaka emingaphi abafaki-zicelo abangasaqwalaselwa?
Ukusuka kwicala lomqeshi: EYurophu nase-UK, kukho umthetho ochasene nocalucalulo lobudala - unyanzeliswa ngokungqongqo kangangokuba abaqeshi abayiboni iminyaka njengenye yeempawu zokuqesha. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubuchwepheshe bakho, ubuchule, ipotfoliyo, izakhono kunye namabhongo.
Kwicala lakho, njengomviwa, kungcono ukuhamba ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50. Apha sithetha ngokulula kunye nomnqweno wokuziqhelanisa, imveliso kunye nokuqonda okwaneleyo kwezinto ezintsha.
Ifoto ngu-Adam Wilson kwi-Unsplash
Sixelele ukuba kwenzeka njani ukufuduswa kwenye indawo?
Eyona meko ixhaphakileyo kukuba ukhangela umsebenzi ukude, yiya kudliwano-ndlebe (kuqala umnxeba wevidiyo, emva koko ube neentlanganiso zobuqu), ufumane umsebenzi, uvumelane ngemigaqo, ufumane i-visa kwaye uhambe.
Le fomati ayifuni tyalo mali ibalulekileyo kwaye ithatha umndilili ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6, kuxhomekeke kwindlela owujonga ngayo umsebenzi kunye nokuba leliphi ilizwe oceba ukufudukela kulo. Sineemeko zabathengi abaye bahamba kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhetha kwinyanga ye-1 kwaye bafumana i-visa kwiiveki ze-2 (eJamani). Kwaye kukho iimeko xa kuphela ixesha lokufumana i-visa eyandisiweyo kwiinyanga ezi-5 (eGreat Britain).
Umbuzo othi "awunangxaki". Ngaba ndiyakwazi ukuhamba ndedwa ngaphandle koncedo lwakho?
Ewe unako. Kuhle xa umntu enenkuthazo eyomeleleyo kwaye ulungele ukufunda umcimbi kwaye enze yonke into ngokwakhe. Sisoloko sifumana iileta ezifana nezi: “Ndizibukele zonke iividiyo zenu ezili-100 , walandela onke amacebiso, wafumana umsebenzi waza wafuduka. Ndingakubulela ngantoni?”
Kutheni ke ngoko? Ubuchwephesha bethu sisixhobo kunye nolwazi alufumanayo umntu ukusombulula ingxaki yakhe ethile ngempumelelo nangokukhawuleza. Unokufunda kwi-snowboard ngokwakho, kwaye ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva uya kuhamba, kunye namaqhuma kwaye kungekhona ngokukhawuleza, kodwa uya kuhamba. Okanye unokuthatha umqeqeshi kwaye uhambe ngosuku olulandelayo, ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo inkqubo. Umbuzo wokusebenza kakuhle kunye nexesha. Injongo yethu kukunika umntu ulwazi kunye nokuqonda imigaqo yemarike yomsebenzi kwilizwe elithile kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukwabelana ngoqhagamshelwano.
Makhe sithethe ngemivuzo, yimalini iingcali zobugcisa ezinokuzifumana e-UK?
Imivuzo yabaphuhlisi eRashiya nase-UK yahluka amaxesha amaninzi: Injineli yeSoftware: i-£ 17 kunye ne-£ 600, iNjineli yeSoftware ePhezulu: i-£ 70 kunye ne-£ 000, umphathi weprojekthi ye-IT: i-£ 19 kunye ne-£ 000 ngonyaka eRashiya nase-UK ngokulandelelana.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo irhafu, umvuzo wenyanga wengcali ye-IT kumyinge we-£ 3800-£ 5500.
Ukuba ufumana umsebenzi ngee-£30 ngonyaka, ngoko uya kuba ne-£000 kuphela ngenyanga esandleni- oku kunokwanela umntu omnye, kodwa awukwazi ukuhlala nosapho lwakho kule mali- omabini amaqabane kufuneka asebenze.
Kodwa ukuba umvuzo wakho yi-£65 (inqanaba eliphakathi lomphuhlisi, idatha/injineli yokufunda ngomatshini), ke uya kufumana i-£000 ezandleni zakho- esele ikhululekile kusapho.
Amanani anencasa, kodwa wona yedwa akanakutsho ukuba umgangatho wokuphila womntu uya kutshintsha kakhulu. Makhe sithelekise imivuzo yasemva kwerhafu kwi-Russian Federation kunye ne-UK kunye neendleko zempahla okanye iinkonzo esizisebenzisa yonke imihla.
Kubonakala kum ukuba oku kuthelekiso olungalunganga ngokusisiseko, kwaye impazamo yabaninzi ichanekile ukuba bazama ukuthelekisa iilitha zobisi, iikhilogram zamaapulo, iindleko zokuhamba kwemetro okanye irenti yezindlu. Uthelekiso olunjalo alunamsebenzi kwaphela - ezi ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokulungelelanisa.
ENgilani naseYurophu banenkqubo yerhafu eqhubekayo, iirhafu ziphezulu kuneRashiya kwaye zivela kwi-30 ukuya kwi-55%.
Ilitha yobisi ixabisa ngokufanayo, kodwa ukuba uyasaphula isikrini kwi-iPhone 11 Pro yakho, eRussia kuya kufuneka uhlawule isixa esicocekileyo sokulungiswa, kodwa e-EU/UK baya kuyilungisa simahla. Ukuba uthenga into kwi-intanethi kwaye utshintshe ingqondo yakho, eRashiya uya kuthuthunjiswa ukuba uyibuyisele, kodwa kwi-EU / UK awuyidingi nerisithi. Iiplatifti zokurhweba nge-elektroniki njenge-Amazon/Ebay, ezihambisa iimpahla ngexesha kwaye zikuqinisekise ngokuchasene nobuqhophololo, azinakuthelekiswa neevenkile ze-intanethi, kwaye ngakumbi ngeposi yaseRashiya.
I-inshurensi yezoRhwebo kwi-EU / UK isebenza njengewotshi, kwaye awudingi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unelungelo kuyo; asikho isifo esiphuhliswe ngaphambili, nokuba sisifo esingapheliyo - esi sisiganeko esiqinisekisiweyo. Ukufundisa umntwana ulwimi lwesiNgesi (kunye nengqondo) kwizifundo ngaphakathi kwezifundo kunye nezikolo okanye kwindawo yendalo enabantu abathetha iilwimi zomthonyama. Ukuba umntwana wakho uyaxhatshazwa esikolweni, ubuncinane ayeke isikolo, e-EU/UK kukho uxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho kubazali ngoku.
Ukurenta izindlu eYurophu okanye eNgilani rhoqo (ingakumbi usapho) iguqula ibe lithuba lokuthenga indlu yakho (inzala ephantsi yemali-mboleko kunye nezindlu ezibolekayo) okanye nendlu (engaqhelekanga kakhulu kumhlali ophakathi waseMoscow), hlala iidolophu kunye nokuya eLondon (okanye ungahambi kwaye usebenze ukude).
ENgilani, i-kindergarten yomntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala iya kubiza umyinge we-£ 200-£ 600 ngenyanga. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, bonke abantwana bafumana iiyure ezili-15 zemfundo yasesikolweni ngeveki ngeendleko zikarhulumente.
Kukho izikolo zabucala nezikarhulumente. Iifizi zokufunda zabucala zinokufikelela kwi-£50 ngonyaka, kodwa kukho izikolo zikarhulumente ezilinganiswe “ngokugqwesileyo” (ngu-Ofsted) - zibonelela ngemfundo ekumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu kwaye zisimahla.
I-NHS lukhathalelo lwempilo lwasimahla lukawonke-wonke kwinqanaba elilungileyo, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuba ne-inshurensi yorhwebo equka konke esebenzayo kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi, iya kuxabisa i-£300-500 ngomntu ngamnye ngenyanga.
Ifoto ngu-Aron Van de Pol kwi-Unsplash
Kulungile, ndiphantse ndagqiba ekubeni ndiye eNgilani. Kodwa ndinoloyiko oluncinci lokuba baya kundiphatha njengondwendwe, ukuba kuya kufuneka ndisebenze iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku kwaye andizukwazi nokuphuma ndiyokusela ikofu.
Malunga nabasebenzi beendwendwe: ILondon yeyamazwe ngamazwe, kukho iindwendwe ezininzi ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ngoko uya kuzifumana ukwimeko efanayo nabaninzi abakungqongileyo. Ke ngoko, akukho mbono wabasebenzi abafudukayo kwaphela. Kukho umdlalo omnandi onje- bala inani leelwimi zasemzini kwimoto yangaphantsi eLondon. Amanani anokufikelela kuma-30, kwaye oku kwikhareji enye.
Malunga nokusebenza kakhulu: Ukusebenza ngaphezulu kuxhaphake kakhulu kuqalo, kwaye emva koko kuphela kwinqanaba elithile. Abatyali-mali bajonga ishedyuli yomsebenzi "ephambeneyo" njengomngcipheko. Ukulungelelana kobomi bomsebenzi kuya kukhuthazwa ngakumbi.
Kwakhona bakuthatha njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ukudinwa. Ngokomthetho wase-UK, "umqeshi kufuneka enze uvavanyo lomngcipheko woxinzelelo olunxulumene nomsebenzi kwaye athathe amanyathelo okuthintela izigulo zabasebenzi ezinxulumene noxinzelelo olunxulumene nomsebenzi." Ukutshisa e-UK ngokusemthethweni kunesimo sesifo, kwaye ukuba iimpawu zivela, yiya kumgqirha, uya kugqiba ukuba ugxininisekile, kwaye unokuthatha iveki okanye ngaphezulu emsebenzini. Ikhona ezivunyiweyo ukuba zikhathalele impilo yakho yengqondo. Ngoko ukuba ukhathele kwaye ufuna ukuthetha ngayo, uyazi ukuba ungabiza phi (kunye nesiRashiya).
Ndinabantwana ababini, umyeni nekati. Ndingahamba nazo?
Ewe, ukuba uneqabane, bayakufumana enelungelo lokusebenza elizweni. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 nabo bafumana i-visa exhomekeke kubo. Kwaye akukho ngxaki ngezilwanyana - inkqubo yokuthutha izilwanyana zichazwe ngokucacileyo.
Andifuni ukuthetha ngemali kwakhona, kodwa kufuneka. Ingakanani imali endiyidingayo ukuyigcina xa ndihamba?
Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ziindleko ze-visa + i-£ 945 kwi-akhawunti yakho yebhanki iintsuku ezingama-90 ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo se-visa ye-Tier 2 + irenti yeenyanga ezi-3 zokuqala + i-£ 500-1000 ngenyanga kwiindleko (kuxhomekeke kwindlela ophila ngayo - umntu unokuphila ngeepounds ezingama-30 ngeveki. , uziphekele, ukhwele ibhayisekile / isithuthuthu, ukhetha ukuthenga amathikithi endiza okanye ekonsathi kwangaphambili (ewe, nangolo hlobo lwemali ungabhabha uye eYurophu kwaye uphumle kwimithendeleko), kwaye umntu udla kwiindawo zokutyela, uhamba ngemoto okanye iteksi, ithenga izinto ezintsha kunye namatikiti kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhamba).
Enkosi kuElmira ngodliwano-ndlebe. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo, yiyeke kwizimvo.
Kumanqaku alandelayo, siza kuthetha malunga nendlela yokwenza i-resume kwaye ubhale ileta yekhava ukuze uphawule. Makhe sifumanise ukuba ukuzingela abantu kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo kuyinto eqhelekileyo e-UK kwaye bachukumise isihloko esinefashoni yophawu lomntu. Hla umamele!
PS Ukuba ungumntu onesibindi kwaye onomdla, shiya ikhonkco kwi-resume yakho kwizimvo ngaphambi kwe-22.10.2019 ka-Okthobha XNUMX, ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzisa umzekelo ophilayo ukuqonda ukuba yintoni kunye nendlela yokwenza.
Malunga nombhali
Eli nqaku labhalwa eAlconost.
yinkonzo yobuchwephesha yokuguqulela kwi-intanethi kwiilwimi ezingama-70 eyenziwe nguAlconost.
I-Nitro ilungile kunye nezinye iilwimi. I-CV yakho iya kuthunyelwa kumguquleli othetha ulwimi lomthonyama, oya kuthi aguqulele umbhalo ngokuchanekileyo nangobuchule. I-Nitro ayinayo i-odolo encinci, ke ukuba ufuna ukwenza utshintsho kwi-resume yakho eguqulelweyo, ungathumela ngokulula imigca embalwa yokuguqulela. Inkonzo ikhawuleza: i-50% yee-odolo zilungile kwiiyure ze-2, i-96% ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24.
umthombo: www.habr.com