Ngo-2010, ii-algorithms zikaGoogle zafumanisa ukuba kukho phantse izigidi ezili-130 zeencwadi ezizodwa ezipapashwe kwihlabathi jikelele. Limbalwa ngokothusayo inani lezi ncwadi eliye laguqulelwa kwisiRashiya.
Kodwa awukwazi ukuthatha kwaye uguqulele umsebenzi owuthandayo. Ngapha koko, oku kuya kuba kukwaphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela.
Ke ngoko, kweli nqaku siza kujonga into ekufuneka yenziwe ukuguqulela ngokusemthethweni incwadi ukusuka kulo naluphi na ulwimi ukuya kwisiRashiya kwaye uyipapashe ngokusemthethweni eRashiya.
Iimpawu zeCopyright
Umgaqo oyintloko kukuba awudingi ukuguqulela incwadi, ibali, okanye inqaku ukuba awunalo uxwebhu olukunika ilungelo lokwenza njalo.
Ngokutsho komhlathi 1, ubugcisa. 1259 yeCivil Code of the Russian Federation: “Iinjongo zokukhutshelwa yimisebenzi yenzululwazi, uncwadi nobugcisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na injongo yaloo msebenzi, kwanendlela yokuwuchaza.”
Amalungelo akhethekileyo kulo msebenzi ngawombhali okanye umnini welungelo lokushicilela umbhali adlulisele kuye amalungelo. Ngokutsho kweNgqungquthela yaseBerne yoKhuseleko lweMisebenzi yokuBhala kunye noBugcisa, ixesha lokukhusela lelobomi bonke bombhali kunye neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu emva kokufa kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe amaninzi ixesha lokukhuselwa kwelungelo lokushicilela liyiminyaka engama-70, kuquka neRussian Federation. Ngoko kukho iindlela ezi-3 kuphela ezinokwenzeka:
- Ukuba umbhali womsebenzi uyaphila, ngoko kufuneka uqhagamshelane naye ngokuthe ngqo okanye abanini bamalungelo akhethekileyo kwimisebenzi yakhe. Ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi, unokufumana ngokukhawuleza ulwazi malunga nabafowunelwa bombhali okanye i-arhente yakhe yoncwadi. Vele uchwetheze "igama lombhali + iarhente yoncwadi" kukhangelo. Emva koko, bhala ileta ebonisa ukuba ufuna ukuguqulela umsebenzi othile.
- Ukuba umbhali womsebenzi wafa ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-70 edlulileyo, ngoko kufuneka ukhangele iindlalifa ezisemthethweni. Eyona ndlela ilula yokwenza oku kungendlu yokushicilela epapasha imisebenzi yombhali kwilizwe lakhe. Sifuna abafowunelwa, sibhala ileta kwaye silindele impendulo.
- Ukuba umbhali usweleke ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 eyadlulayo, umsebenzi uba yindawo yoluntu kwaye i-copyright yawo iyacinywa. Oku kuthetha ukuba imvume ayifuneki kuguqulelo nokupapashwa kwayo.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukuguqulela incwadi
- Ngaba kukho inguqulelo esemthethweni yale ncwadi kwisiRashiya? Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngenxa yomdla, abanye bayayilibala le nto. Kule meko, kufuneka ukhangele kungekhona ngesihloko, kodwa kwi-bibliography yombhali, kuba isihloko sencwadi sinokulungiswa.
- Ngaba amalungelo okuguqulela umsebenzi kwisiRashiya simahla? Kwenzeka ukuba amalungelo sele edluliselwe, kodwa incwadi ayikaguqulelwa okanye ipapashwe. Kule meko, kufuneka nje ulinde ukuguqulelwa kwaye uzisole ukuba awukwazi ukwenza ngokwakho.
- Uluhlu lwabavakalisi onokubanika incwadi yomsebenzi. Ngokufuthi uthethathethwano nomntu onelungelo lokukhuphela luphela ngeli binzana: “Xa ufumana indlu yokupapasha eza kupapasha le ncwadi, siya kuthi ke senze isivumelwano ngokudluliselwa kwamalungelo okuguqulela.” Ngoko ke, uthethathethwano nabapapashi kufuneka luqale kwinqanaba elithi “Ndifuna ukutolika”. Okungakumbi kule ngezantsi.
Uthethathethwano kunye nomnini welungelo lokushicilela linqanaba elingalindelekanga kakhulu. Ababhali abangaziwayo banokunikezela ngamalungelo okuguqulela isixa-mali esisimboli samakhulu ambalwa eedola okanye ipesenti yeentengiso (ngokuqhelekileyo isi-5 ukuya kwi-15%), nokuba awunamava njengomguquleli.
Ababhali bexesha eliphakathi kunye neearhente zabo zoncwadi bayathandabuza kakhulu malunga nabaguquleli bentsha. Nangona kunjalo, ngenqanaba elifanelekileyo lomdla kunye nokunyamezela, amalungelo okuguqulela anokufumaneka. Iiarhente zoncwadi zihlala zicela isampulu yokuguqulela kubaguquleli, abathi bayigqithisele kwiingcali. Ukuba umgangatho uphezulu, ngoko ke amathuba okufumana amalungelo ayanda.
Ababhali abaphezulu basebenza kwinqanaba leekhontrakthi phakathi kwezindlu zokupapasha, ezinikwe amalungelo akhethekileyo okuguqulela nokupapasha umsebenzi. Kuphantse ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ingcali "yangaphandle" ingene apho.
Ukuba i-copyright iphelelwe lixesha, ungaqala ukuyiguqulela ngoko nangoko. Ungayipapasha kwi-intanethi. Ngokomzekelo, kwisayithi kwicandelo le-Samizdat. Okanye kufuneka ukhangele indlu yokupapasha eza kupapashwa.
Amalungelo omguquli - kubalulekile ukuwazi
Ngokutsho kweArt. I-1260 ye-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation, umguquleli unelungelo elikhethekileyo lokuguqulela:
Amalungelo okushicilela umguquleli, umqokeleli kunye nomnye umbhali we-derivative okanye umsebenzi odibeneyo ukhuselwe njengamalungelo kwizinto ezizimeleyo ze-copyright, kungakhathaliseki ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo ababhali bemisebenzi apho i-derivative okanye i-composite work isekelwe.
Ngokwenyani, inguqulelo ithathwa njengomsebenzi ozimeleyo, ngoko ke umbhali wenguqulelo unokuwuchitha ngokubona kwakhe. Ngokwemvelo, ukuba akukho zivumelwano zigqityiweyo ngaphambili malunga nokudluliselwa kwamalungelo kule nguqulelo.
Umbhali womsebenzi akakwazi ukurhoxisa ilungelo lokuguqulela, elibhaliweyo. Kodwa akukho nto imthintelayo ekunikeni ilungelo lokuguqulela le ncwadi komnye umntu okanye kubantu abaliqela.
Oko kukuthi, ungangena kwizivumelwano nabapapashi ukuba upapashe inguqulelo kwaye wenze inzuzo kuyo, kodwa awukwazi ukuthintela umbhali ukuba akhuphe imvume kwezinye iinguqulelo.
Kukwakho noluvo lwamalungelo akhethekileyo kwiinguqulelo kunye noshicilelo lwemisebenzi. Kodwa zizindlu ezinkulu zokushicilela kuphela ezisebenza nabo. Ngokomzekelo, indlu yokushicilela iSwallowtail inelungelo lokupapasha ngokukodwa uluhlu lweencwadi malunga noHarry Potter nguJK Rowling kwiRussian Federation. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho ezinye izindlu zokupapasha eRashiya zinelungelo lokuguqulela okanye ukupapasha ezi ncwadi - oku akukho mthethweni kwaye kunesohlwayo.
Indlela yokuthethathethana nomvakalisi
Abapapashi abasebenzi ngezithembiso, ngoko ke ukuze nivumelane ngokupapashwa kwenguqulelo yencwadi, kufuneka wenze umsebenzi omncinane.
Nabu ubuncinane obufunekayo obufunwa phantse kuzo zonke izindlu zopapasho kubaguquleli bangaphandle:
- Isishwankathelo sencwadi
- Isishwankathelo sencwadi
- Ukuguqulelwa kwesahluko sokuqala
Isigqibo siya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi. Okokuqala, umshicileli uya kuvavanya ithemba lokupapasha le ncwadi kwimarike yaseRashiya. Awona mathuba ngamathuba eminye yemisebenzi ebikade ingaguqulelwanga ngababhali abangaphezulu okanye abadumileyo. Okwesibini, umshicileli uya kuvavanya umgangatho wenguqulelo kunye nokuhambelana kwayo neyokuqala. Ngoko ke, uguqulelo kufuneka lube lolona mgangatho uphezulu.
Xa izixhobo sele zilungile, ungafaka isicelo sokupapashwa. Iiwebhusayithi zabapapashi zihlala zinecandelo elithi "Kubabhali abatsha" okanye okufanayo, elichaza imigaqo yokungenisa izicelo.
Kubalulekile! Isicelo asifanele sithunyelwe kwiposi eqhelekileyo, kodwa kwiposi yesebe ukuze kusetyenzwe ngoncwadi lwasemzini (okanye okufanayo). Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana abafowunelwa okanye isebe elinjalo alikho kwindlu yokupapasha, eyona ndlela ilula kukufowunela umphathi kuqhagamshelwano olubonisiweyo kwaye ubuze ukuba ngubani kanye kanye ofuna ukuqhagamshelana naye malunga nokupapashwa kwenguqulelo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi kuya kufuneka unikezele ngolwazi olulandelayo:
- isihloko sencwadi;
- idatha yombhali;
- ulwimi lwentsusa nolwimi ekujoliswe kulo;
- ulwazi malunga noshicilelo lwemvelaphi, ubukho bamabhaso kunye namabhaso (ukuba kukho);
- ulwazi malunga namalungelo oguqulelo (lukwindawo yoluntu okanye imvume yokuguqulela ifunyenwe).
Kufuneka kwakhona uchaze ngokufutshane into oyifunayo. Thanda, guqulela incwadi kwaye uyipapashe. Ukuba sele unamava okuguqulela aphumeleleyo, oku kukwafanele ukukhankanywa - kuya kwandisa amathuba akho empendulo eyakhayo.
Ukuba uvumelene nombhali womsebenzi oza kusebenza njenge-arhente, ngoko kufuneka ubonise oku ngokwahlukileyo, kuba kulo mzekelo indlu yokupapasha iya kufuneka isayine iphakheji eyongezelelweyo yamaxwebhu kunye nawe.
Ngokuphathelele kwimirhumo yokuguqulela, kukho iindlela ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo:
- Amaxesha amaninzi, umguquleli ufumana intlawulo emiselweyo aze adlulisele amalungelo okusebenzisa inguqulelo kumpapashi. Enyanisweni, umvakalisi uthenga inguqulelo. Akunakwenzeka ukumisela impumelelo yomsebenzi kwangaphambili, ngoko ke ubungakanani bentlawulo buya kuxhomekeka ekuthandeni okulindelweyo kwencwadi kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukuxoxisana.
- Ireyithi yeenkonzo ze-arhente idla ngokuba yi-10% yenzuzo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukwenza kumbhali njenge-arhente kwimarike yaseRashiya, inqanaba lakho lokuhlawula liya kuxhomekeka kumjikelezo kunye nenzuzo yonke.
- Unokuthatha nakwimiba yezemali yokupapasha le ncwadi ngokwakho. Kule meko, inzuzo iya kuba malunga ne-25% yengeniso (ngokomyinge, i-50% iya kumaketanga okuthengisa, i-10% kumbhali kunye ne-15% kwindlu yokushicilela).
Ukuba ufuna ukutyalomali ekupapasheni, nceda uqaphele ukuba ubuncinane bokujikelezwa okuya kukuvumela ukuba uhlawule iindleko ubuncinane iikopi ze-3000. Kwaye ke-okukhona ukujikeleza kunye neentengiso ezinkulu, ingeniso enkulu.
Xa usebenza nendlu yokushicilela, kukho nemingcipheko - ngelishwa, ayinakuphetshwa.
Ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka ukuba indlu yokushicilela ilawula umdla womsebenzi, kodwa ke bakhetha omnye umguquleli. Indlela yodwa yokuphepha oku kukuguqulela isahluko sokuqala sencwadi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Kuyenzeka kwakhona ukuba indlu yopapasho ithi emva koko ingene kwikhontrakthi ethe ngqo nombhali okanye iarhente yakhe yoncwadi, idlule kuwe njengomthetheleli. Lo ngumzekelo wokunganyaniseki, kodwa oku kuyenzeka.
Uguqulelo alwenzelwe inzuzo yemali
Ukuba ufuna ukuguqulela umsebenzi kungekhona ngenxa yenzuzo yemali, kodwa ngenxa yothando lobugcisa, ke imvume yomnini welungelo lokuguqulela kuphela yanele ngokwaneleyo (nangona kwezinye iimeko kunokwenzeka nangaphandle kwayo).
Kumthetho waseYurophu naseMelika kukho ingcamango "yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo". Umzekelo, ukuguqulelwa kwamanqaku kunye neencwadi ngeenjongo zemfundo, ezingabandakanyi ukwenza inzuzo. Kodwa akukho migaqo efanayo kumthetho waseRashiya, ngoko kukhuselekile ukufumana imvume yokuguqulela.
Namhlanje kukho inani elaneleyo leevenkile zeencwadi ze-intanethi apho ungathumela khona iinguqulelo zoncwadi lwangaphandle, kubandakanywa simahla. Enyanisweni, amava abonisa ukuba ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukupapasha kuphela iincwadi esele zisesidlangalaleni - ababhali abathabathi ngobubele kakhulu ekupapasheni iinguqulelo zeencwadi zabo simahla.
Funda iincwadi ezilungileyo kwaye uphucule isiNgesi sakho nge-EnglishDom.
I-EnglishDom.com sisikolo esikwi-intanethi esikukhuthaza ukuba ufunde isiNgesi ngokwenza izinto ezintsha kunye nokhathalelo lwabantu
Kuphela kubafundi bakaHabr - ! Kwaye xa uthenga iiklasi ezili-10, faka ikhowudi yokunyusa ENG_Vs_esperanto kwaye ufumane ezinye izifundo ezi-2 njengesipho. Ibhonasi isebenza kude kube ngu-31.05.19/XNUMX/XNUMX.
Fumana Iinyanga ezi-2 zobhaliso lweprimiyamu kuzo zonke izifundo ze-EnglishDom njengesipho.
Iimveliso zethu:
Funda amagama esiNgesi kwi-ED Words app mobile
Funda isiNgesi ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-Z kwi-ED Courses app mobile
Faka ulwandiso lweGoogle Chrome, guqulela amagama esiNgesi kwi-Intanethi kwaye wongeze ukuba afunde kwi-Ed Words application
Funda isiNgesi ngendlela edlalwayo kwisilingisi se-intanethi
Yomeleza izakhono zakho zokuthetha kwaye ufumane abahlobo kwiiklabhu zencoko
Bukela iihacks zobomi bevidiyo malunga nesiNgesi kwisitishi sikaYouTube seEnglishDom
umthombo: www.habr.com