I-Intanethi igcwele amanqaku ngesihloko sokufudukela e-USA, kodwa uninzi lwazo luphinda lubhale amaphepha kwiwebhusayithi yeNkonzo yokufuduka yaseMelika, ezinikele ekudweliseni zonke iindlela zokuza kweli lizwe. Zininzi kakhulu kwezi ndlela, kodwa kuyinyani ukuba uninzi lwazo alufikeleleki kubantu abaqhelekileyo kunye nabaseki beeprojekthi ze-IT.
Ukuba awunamakhulu amawaka eedola oza kutyala imali kuphuhliso lweshishini e-US ukufumana i-visa, kwaye ubude bokuhlala kwi-visa yabakhenkethi bufutshane kakhulu kuwe, funda uphononongo lwanamhlanje.
1. I-visa ye-H-1B
I-H1-B yi-visa yomsebenzi evumela iingcali zangaphandle ukuba zize eUnited States. Ngokwethiyori, hayi uGoogle okanye uFacebook kuphela, kodwa kunye nesiqalo esiqhelekileyo sinokuyilungiselela umqeshwa wabo kunye nomseki.
Kukho inani leempawu zokufaka isicelo se-visa yomsunguli wokuqalisa. Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukubonisa ubungqina bobudlelwane bomqeshwa nomqeshi, oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, inkampani kufuneka ibe nethuba lokugxotha umqeshwa, nangona wayiseka.
Kuvela ukuba umsunguli akufanele abe nesigxina sokulawula kwinkampani - akufanele idlule i-50%. Kufuneka kubekho, umzekelo, ibhodi yabalawuli abanelungelo lethiyori lokuvavanya ukusebenza komqeshwa kwaye benze isigqibo malunga nokugxothwa kwakhe.
Amanye amanani
Kukho ii-quotas ze-visas ze-H1B - umzekelo, i-quota yonyaka-mali we-2019 yayiyi-65 lamawaka, nangona i-2018 lamawaka ifakwe kwi-visa enjalo kwi-199. Ezi visa zinikezelwa ngelotho. Ezinye ii-visa ezingamawaka angama-20 zinikezelwa kwezo ngcali zifumene imfundo yazo eUnited States (i-Master's Exemption Cap).
IiHacks zoBomi
Kukho i-hack encinci yobomi ecetyiswayo amaxesha ngamaxesha kwiingxoxo malunga ne-visa ye-H1-B. Iiyunivesithi zinokuqesha abasebenzi kule visa, kwaye kubo, njengeminye imibutho engenzi nzuzo, akukho zabelo (H1-B Cap Exempt). Ngaphantsi kwesi sikimu, iyunivesiti iqesha usomashishini, onika iintetho kubafundi, athathe inxaxheba kwiisemina, kwaye ngokungekho sikweni uyaqhubeka nokusebenza kuphuhliso lweprojekthi.
Apha umsebenzi onjalo womseki kwiprojekthi ngelixa umqeshwa weYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts. Ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukulandela le ndlela, kufuneka udibane negqwetha malunga nokuba semthethweni komsebenzi onjalo.
2. Visa kubantu abanetalente O-1
I-visa ye-O-1 yenzelwe abantu abanetalente abavela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo abafuna ukuza eUnited States ukuze bagqibezele iiprojekthi zomsebenzi. Abameli bezoshishino banikezwa i-visa ye-O-1A, ngelixa i-visa ye-O-1B ye-subtype ijoliswe kubaculi.
Kwimeko yabasunguli bokuqalisa, inkqubo yesicelo iyafana naleyo siyichazile kwi-visa ye-H1-B. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka udale iziko elisemthethweni e-United States - ngokuqhelekileyo i-C-Corp. Isabelo somseki kwinkampani akufanelekanga ukuba silawule, kwaye inkampani kufuneka ibe nethuba lokwahlukana nalo msebenzi.
Ngokuhambelanayo, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela isicelo se-visa, esiqulethe ubungqina bendalo "engaqhelekanga" yomqeshwa oceba ukuqalisa ukumqesha. Kukho inani leenqobo ekufuneka zihlangatyezwe ukufumana i-visa ye-O-1:
- iimbasa kunye namabhaso;
- ubulungu kwimibutho yobuchwephesha eyamkela iingcali ezingaqhelekanga (kwaye ayinguye wonke umntu onokuhlawula umrhumo wobulungu);
- uloyiso kukhuphiswano lobungcali;
- ukuthatha inxaxheba njengelungu lejaji kukhuphiswano lobuchwephesha (igunya elicacileyo lokuvavanya umsebenzi wezinye iingcali);
- ukukhankanywa kumajelo eendaba (iinkcazo zeeprojekthi, udliwano-ndlebe) kunye noshicilelo lwakho kwiijenali ezikhethekileyo okanye zenzululwazi;
- ukubamba isikhundla esibalulekileyo kwinkampani enkulu;
- Nabuphi na ubungqina obongezelelweyo nabo bamkelwa.
Ukufumana i-visa, kufuneka ungqine ukuthobela ubuncinci iindlela ezininzi zoluhlu.
Amanye amanani
Andikwazanga ukufumana nayiphi na idatha yamva nje malunga nokuvunywa kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhanyela ii-visa ze-O-1. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ulwazi kwi-intanethi kunyaka-mali ka-2010. Ngelo xesha, iNkonzo Yokufuduka yaseUnited States yafumana izicelo ezili-10,394 1 zeO-8,589 visa, apho ezingama-1,805 XNUMX zavunywa, yaye ezili-XNUMX XNUMX zakhatywa.
Zinjani izinto namhlanje
Akukho bungqina bokuba inani lezicelo ze-visa ze-O-1 liye landa kakhulu okanye lehla. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba umlinganiselo wokuvunywa kunye nokwaliwa okupapashwe yi-USCIS akunakuthathwa njengokugqibela.
Ukufumana i-visa ye-O-1 yimfuno enamanyathelo amabini. Okokuqala, isicelo sakho sivunyiwe yinkonzo yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, kwaye ke kufuneka uye kwi-ambassy yase-US ngaphandle kweli lizwe kwaye ufumane i-visa ngokwayo. Inqaku elifihlakeleyo kukuba igosa kwi-consulate linokwala ukukukhupha i-visa, nokuba isicelo sivunyiwe yinkonzo yokufuduka, kwaye iimeko ezinjalo ziyenzeka amaxesha ngamaxesha - ndiyazi ubuncinane abambalwa.
Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka ulungiselele kakuhle udliwanondlebe kwi-ambassy kwaye uphendule yonke imibuzo malunga nomsebenzi wakho wexesha elizayo e-USA ngaphandle kokuthandabuza.
3. I-L-1 Visa yokudluliselwa komsebenzi kwi-ofisi yangaphandle
Le visa inokulungela oosomashishini abasele beneshishini elisebenzayo nelibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kweMelika. Abaseki abanjalo banokusungula isebe lenkampani yabo eMelika kwaye bahambe baye kusebenzela le nkxaso-mali.
Kukho namaxesha afihlakeleyo apha. Ngokukodwa, inkonzo yokufuduka iya kufuna ukuba ungqine imfuno yobukho benkampani kwimarike yaseMelika kunye nobukho babasebenzi bomzimba abavela phesheya.
Izibakala ezibalulekileyo kunye namanani
Iofisi yendawo kufuneka ivulwe ngaphambi kokuba ufake isicelo se-visa yakho. Phakathi kwamaxwebhu axhasayo, amagosa enkonzo yokufuduka aya kuba nomdla kwisicwangciso soshishino esineenkcukacha, ukuqinisekiswa kokurenta iofisi, njl.
Ukongeza, umqeshwa kufuneka asebenze ngokusemthethweni kwiofisi yangaphandle yenkampani engumzali eza eUnited States ubuncinci unyaka.
Ngu I-USCIS, emva kwe-2000, ngaphezu kwe-100 amawaka e-visa ye-L-1 ikhutshwa minyaka yonke.
isiphelo
Kweli nqaku, sidwelise iindidi ezintathu zee-visa ezizezona zifanelekileyo kubaseki bokuqalisa abangenazo izixhobo ezibalulekileyo kodwa abazimisele ukuhlala eUnited States. Ii-visa zabatyali-zimali kunye ne-B-1 ye-visa yokuhamba ngeshishini ayihambelani nale migaqo.
Iingcebiso zokugqibela ezibalulekileyo: phambi kokuba uthathe naliphi na inyathelo elinxulumene nokufuduka, qokelela ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, fumana igqwetha lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ngoncedo lomntu omaziyo ukuba wafudukela eMelika ngendlela oyifunayo.
Amanye amanqaku am malunga nokuqhuba kunye nokukhuthaza ishishini e-USA:
umthombo: www.habr.com