Impumelelo yeNetflix yaqinisekiswa bubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kodwa emva kwayo kukho ifilosofi epheleleyo eyenza le nfilosofi isebenze. Inkqubo enyanzelisa izigidi zabantu ukuba bacofe ngokugqithisileyo amaqhosha abomvu namhlophe, belahla ngokulula isithethe esidala sokubukela iifilimu kwiimovie kunye nochungechunge lweTV.
Mholo! UEfim Gugnin ukunye nawe! Kwaye namhlanje siza kuzama ukubona ukuba isebenza njani iNetflix. Kwaye ngenxa yoku kuya kufuneka sibuyisele umva ixesha kancinci.
1997 I-Intanethi ifumana ukuthandwa kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku idibanisa iikhompyuter ezizigidi ezili-10.
Abantu babukela zonke iinkqubo zikamabonwakude neefilim kwiimovies, kwintambo okanye kumabonwakude osemhlabeni, okanye baodole iividiyo zokurenta. Ngeli xesha linzima, uReed Hastings oneminyaka engama-37 ubudala, owayesakuba yindoda yasemkhosini kunye nomsebenzi we-Peace Corps, kwaye ngoku eyinjineli yekhompyuter kunye nosomashishini, uthatha isigqibo sokuthatha uhambo.
Ekunye nomhlobo wakhe uMark Randolph, uvula ishishini lokurenta iDVD kwaye abize inkampani ngeNetflix.
Kutheni i-adventure? Okokuqala, imakethi yokurenta ividiyo iphantse yalawulwa ngesandla esisodwa yiBlockbuster, ekucacileyo ukuba ayikhawulezi ukushiya indawo yayo ehamba phambili; okwesibini, ngexesha lokuqaliswa kweNetflix, ifomathi yeDVD yayisele ijikeleze iinyanga ezimbalwa, impumelelo yayo yorhwebo yayingabonakali, kwaye uninzi lweentsapho lusasebenzisa iiteyipu zeVHS. Kwaye okokugqibela, endaweni yokuvumela abathengi ukuba baqashe iimuvi kwivenkile erentisayo ngevidiyo ngendlela yakudala, uHastings ugqiba kwelokuba asebenze kuphela nge-Intanethi kwaye azise iidiski kumakhaya abo.
Kwaye nangona ngoku oku kubonakala kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye kuzo zonke iindlela isisombululo esikhululekile, oosomashishini abaninzi ngo-1997 abazange baqonde: bathi, kutheni umxhasi kufuneka asebenzise inethiwekhi kwaye aodole iiCDs ekhaya ukuba unokusuka nje avuke kwi-sofa ukuya kwindawo ekufutshane. indawo ethi “Blockbusters,” ezazikho kuyo yonke indawo ngelo xesha.
Kodwa ngokungafaniyo nabo, uHastings waqonda inyani elula kakhulu kodwa ebalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo ledijithali: abantu abathandi ukuphuma esofeni.
Ngaba uyazi ukuba abantu bathanda ntoni na ngaphantsi kokuhla esofeni? Gcwalisa amaphepha, usayine izivumelwano, ubale iindleko zabathumeli kunye neposi, ngoloyiko uphawule iintsuku kwikhalenda, ukuze uThixo akwalele ukuba uhlale ixesha elide ngokurenta idisk uze ufumane isohlwayo esikhulu ngokungenakulinganiswa phezu komrhumo wesiqhelo.
I-Netflix yayifuna ukunciphisa zonke ezi ngxaki zincinci, ezibonakala zinyanzelekile ukuba ezinye iinkampani azizange zithathele ingqalelo, ziyithatha nje kancinci, kwiseti yezenzo ezilula: zicofa - zifunyenwe - zajonga - zithunyelwe emva.
I-Netflix ithathele ingqalelo onke amaphepha, kwaye ngo-1999 iphinde yatshintsha irenti yexesha elinye ukuya kwimirhumo engenamkhawulo yenyanga. Ngoku umxhasi, nokuba wayefuna kangakanani na, wayengenako ukuhlawula irenti yediski. Ngaphandle kokuba uyibiwe, nto leyo, ngokungaqhelekanga, yayiyeyona nto yenziwa ngabaphuli-mthetho kwiminyaka yamashumi alithoba kunye nenkohlakalo.
Umbono wokubhaliselwa okungenamkhawulo kwahlangatyezwana nokuthandabuza ngabaninzi, ukuyibeka ngobulali. Abahlalutyi baqikelela ukuba le nkqubo yayingayi kuba nangeniso, yaye kungekuphela nje ngenxa yobuqhophololo “bobusela iidiski”. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, abathengi, ukuba bayathanda, banokuqesha iifilimu ezininzi kangangokuba bagqithise iindleko zobhaliso.
Kwakungekho nzima ukwenza oku, ngakumbi kuba ukuhanjiswa kweNetflix kwakukhawuleza kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokuthumela yonke into esuka kwiofisi ephakathi njengezinye iinkampani, uHastings wayenembono engaphambili yokuseka amasebe kulo lonke elaseMelika kwaye kamva eCanada ukuze umntu kulo naliphi na ilizwe afumane iidiski ngexesha elifutshane.
Kwaye ngeli xesha, uloyiko lwabagxeki lubonakala ngathi lufanelekile: abanye abathengi bagqithise lo mda ungabhalwanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchasene ne "cinephiles" zasekhaya eziphelelwe lithemba, kungekudala beza nenkqubo yokhuselo, enganyanisekanga ngakumbi, kodwa isemthethweni ngokupheleleyo - yaziwa ngokuba yiTrottling.
Undoqo wayo yile: ukuba bekukho ikopi enye kuphela, yithi, "Amadoda amnyama" ashiyekile kwindawo yokugcina izinto zeNetflix, kwaye abathengi ababini bayalela ifilimu kwangoko, emva koko iphakheji yathunyelwa kulowo urenta kancinci. Kwaye owesibini kwafuneka alinde de kufike iphakheji evela kwelinye isebe leNetflix.
Kodwa le nkqubo ayizange isindise inkampani kwilahleko: ngo-2000, iNetflix yaqala ukulahlekelwa yinzuzo. Ngexesha elithile, abanini beBlockbuster bade bazama ukuthenga inkampani. Akuzange kufikelelwe kwisivumelwano. I-Blockbuster ayizange ivumelane ne-Hastings ye-50 yezigidi zeedola zexabiso kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, yenza iphutha elibi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuhanjiswa okukhawulezayo kunye nokubhaliselwa okungenamkhawulo kuphela kwakunganelanga ukuthatha indawo eqinile kwimarike yokurenta ividiyo egcwele abantu, kwaye ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, iNetflix yayinabakhuphisana nabo ababekwazi kakuhle i-Intanethi kunye nonxibelelwano olukude kunye nabathengi. Nditsho neBlockbuster egcinayo ngaxeshanye yasungula eyayo inkonzo yonikezelo.
Ke yintoni eyenza iNetflix yahluke kubo? Okokuqala, umxholo. Abakhuphisana neNetflix abakhange bacinge kakhulu kwithala leencwadi bhanyabhanya.
Kwi-Blockbuster efanayo, malunga ne-70% yekhathalogu yayiquka ukukhutshwa okutsha.
INetflix inama-30 kuphela.
Eminye imiboniso bhanyabhanya naliphi na ixesha kunye nohlobo, ukusuka kwii-classics ezithuleyo ukuya kwi-"grindhouse" engaqhelekanga. Inkampani ifune ukugubungela zonke izinto ezithandwayo, kubandakanya ezona zikhethekileyo, kwaye yandise ithala leencwadi rhoqo. Ukuba ngexesha lokuqala kwakukho iifilimu ze-952 kuphela kwikhathalogu yazo, kwaye emva koko kwakungasekho kwi-DVD, ngoko ngo-2005 inani lenyuka laya kuma-35.
Kodwa eyona nto iphambili eyahlula iNetflix yayiyi-algorithms yayo. Ikhonkco elinzima le-microservices kunye neenkqubo ezincinci ezizimeleyo ukwenza ngokwezifiso isayithi kumsebenzisi ngamnye. Bakhetha ezo bhanyabhanya kunye nochungechunge lweTV anokuthi umxhasi athande ngakumbi, ukuze abuyele kwakhona.
Ngokusisiseko, olu lutshintsho lwedijithali kwabo bahluphekayo, abaqeshwa abakruqukileyo ababezama ukucacisa iminqweno ebhidayo yabathengi.
I-algorithm yokuqala enjalo, iCinematch, iphumelele kwi-75% yamatyala. Ibe yimpumelelo ngengqiqo yokuba ifilim ecetyisiweyo ifumene ± isiqingatha senqaku kuhlelo lwefilim ngokusekelwe ekubeni kwenziwe isindululo.
I-Cinematch ithathele ingqalelo izinto ezininzi ngexesha elinye: okokuqala, iifilimu ngokwazo, zihlelwe ngohlobo, unyaka wokukhululwa, abalawuli kunye nabadlali; eyesibini luhlelo lomthengi ngamnye, uludwe lweefilimu aziqeshileyo kunye nezo azimise emgceni; kwaye okokugqibela, okwesithathu, ireyithingi iyonke yabo bonke abasebenzisi beNetflix.
Le nkqubo yanceda iCinematch inqande i-platitudes efana, ukuba udlale iPulp Fiction kwaye wayinika amanqaku aphezulu, banokucebisa izinja zeReservoir. I-Cinematch yakha ukuhambelana okude kakhulu okusekwe kumanqaku abanye abasebenzisi kwaye ihlala ivelisa iziphumo ebezingabonakali kwaphela.
Isebenza ngolu hlobo: masithi u-odole kwaye ukale kakhulu iPulp Fiction; I-Cinematch ifumana abanye abantu abalinganisela kakhulu iPulp Fiction; Okulandelayo, iCinematch ifumanisa ukuba zeziphi ezinye iifilimu aba bantu bazilinganise kakhulu kwaye, umzekelo, ngequbuliso bafumanisa ukuba abantu abaliqela balinganisele kakhulu uBabe ngosana olunemilenze emine.
Ithelekisa inani laba bantu kwaye ibale amathuba okuba uthande "Babe". Emva kokuba egqibile, uqhubeka nekhonkco, edibanisa iifilimu ezininzi ezibonakala zingafani kakhulu. I-Cinematch inokucebisa ngokulinganayo ii-classics, i-blockbusters kunye neefilimu ezizimeleyo, ngaphandle kokunciphisa iingcebiso zayo kuphela kwiifilimu ezidumileyo.
Kakade ke, isekelwe kwimathematika eyomileyo. Kodwa, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinkqubo ezifanayo ezilungiselelwa kumagama adumileyo kunye nohlobo lokudibanisa, kunokuba luxelise into efana nelizwi lomlomo, ikhonkco leengcebiso eziphilayo ngokupheleleyo ezivela kubantu abanomdla ofanayo.
Kwaye ngokutsho kwenqaku leNew York Times, le nkqubo ikhokelele ekubeni abantu kulo lonke elaseMelika banike ingqwalasela enkulu kukhupho oluzimeleyo, kuquka abo bangenzanga mali ingako kwiithiyetha.
Umzekelo, kukholelwa ukuba yiNetflix eyagcina iNgxoxo kaFrancis Ford Coppola ekulibaleni. Ayizange ifumaneke kwiivenkile ezirentisa ngeevidiyo kwaye ayizange iboniswe kumabonakude.
Kodwa i-75% yayinganelanga kwiReed Hastings.
Akayena umntu wokuzinza ukuba "ulungile ngokwaneleyo," kwaye ngo-2006, iNetflix yasungula ukhuphiswano lwe-1 yezigidi zeedola ukwenza inkqubo entsha yokucebisa.
Ngo-2009, ibhaso laphunyelelwa liqela laseBellKor lePragmatic Chaos - ialgorithm yabo yasebenza bhetele kuneCinematch ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10%.
Ngoku i-algorithm ye-Netflix ayisebenzi kuphela ngokulinganiswa kwabasebenzisi, abantu abanomdla ofanayo, kodwa kunye nedatha ye-demographic - isini, uhlanga, indawo yokuhlala. Ngapha koko, iNetflix ilungelelanisa yonke into kumxhasi, ukuya kuthi ga kwiipowusta zeefilimu kunye nothotho lweTV.
Ke, kutsha nje, i-portal ye-Skynews iphakamise ihlazo: baqaphela ukuba iNetflix ibonisa abasebenzisi abamnyama iipowusta ezilungiselelwe ezikhethekileyo apho abalinganiswa abamnyama beziswa ngaphambili, nokuba badlala indima encinci kakhulu kwifilimu ngokwayo.
Ngokufanelekileyo, okukhona usebenzisa iNetflix, kokukhona iqokelela idatha eqokelelweyo malunga nawe kwaye kokukhona kujongeka ngathi iphepha lasekhaya lasekhaya. Iyakhwankqisa? Mhlawumbi. Kodwa kuyabonakala ukuba iyasebenza.
Ngo-2007, iNetflix yabhengeza uvavanyo lwe-beta lweWatch Ngoku, inkonzo entsha enika abathengi ukusasazwa kweemuvi kwi-Intanethi endaweni yokuqesha iiDVD. Lo ngukhokho ngokuthe ngqo weNetflix njengoko sisazi ngoku. Ngokungafaniyo nabantu abaninzi abakhuphisana nabo abaye baxhatshazwa kukuthandwa kwe-Intanethi kwaye bakhokelela ekubhangisweni, njengoko kwenzeka kwiBlockbuster efanayo, iNetflix yayilungele utshintsho.
Ukwenza lula amava okubukela kunye nokudala inkqubo yokucebisa, iNetflix isebenzise amandla exesha ledijithali ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ngoku awudingi nokuba uvuke esofeni ukuze wamkele ukuhanjiswa.
Iindawo zokusasaza kulo lonke elaseMelika ziye zaguquka zaba ziinethiwekhi zeeseva ezisasaza iimuvi ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwikhathalogu enkulu ukuya naphi na emhlabeni, zonke kwingcaciso ephezulu.
Ii-algorithms eziphucukileyo zenza izigidi zeengcebiso rhoqo ngomzuzwana, ukuze abathengi bangakwazi ukuma kwaye bajonge, kwaye bajonge, kwaye bajonge, kwaye bajonge, kwaye bajonge ...
Ukusukela ngo-2013, iNetflix, esele inamava okudala iifilimu zoqobo, yaqala ukuvelisa umxholo wokuqala wenkonzo yayo. Uchungechunge lokuqala lokuthwala ngokuzingca iNetflix Original ibhanile yayiyiNdlu yeeKhadi, uhlengahlengiso lwe-BBC ye-1999 yegama elifanayo.
Ukhetho, ngendlela, lukwasekwe ngokuyinxenye kwimathematika eyomileyo: eyona ngongoma kukuba i-mini-series yaseBritane yayithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi beNetflix. Ngo-2015, iNetflix yaqala ukusebenzisana noMarvel, nangona kunjalo, sele iphelile. Ngo-2016, emva kokutshintshwa ngokutsha, inkampani ekugqibeleni yanda ngaphaya kwelizwekazi kwaye yaqala ukusebenza kumazwe angama-150 kwihlabathi jikelele.
Kwi-2017, i-Netflix ithenge indlu yokupapasha iMillarworld kaMark Millar, umbhali we-Kick-Ass kunye ne-Kingsman comics. Kwi-2018, wangena kwisivumelwano kunye neParamount ukudala iifilimu ezidibeneyo kwaye ngaloo nyaka wafumana ukutyunjwa kwakhe kokuqala komfanekiso ongcono kakhulu kwi-Oscars ye-Alfonso Cuaron's Roma. Ngo-2019, kutsha nje, iNetflix ityikitye isivumelwano kunye neHashe Elimnyama ukwenza uthotho olusekwe kwiincwadi ezihlekisayo.
Ngokucacileyo, inkampani ayinazo izicwangciso zokunciphisa isantya: ukususela ngo-2013, baye bakhupha iifilimu ze-249 kunye neengqungquthela zeTV ezingaphezu kwe-400, zingabali ezo zithengileyo amalungelo emva kokuveliswa. Banezihlandlo ezininzi ezicwangcisiweyo, kuquka iifilimu ezintsha ezivela kuMartin Scorsese, uRon Howard, uCharlie Kaufman, uZack Snyder, uNowa Bomback kwaye, ngokukhawuleza, uMichael Bay.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-Netflix iseneengxaki ezininzi ezingasonjululwanga: umgaqo-nkqubo wengingqi ongaqhelekanga, apho abathengi kumazwe afana neRashiya bahlawula ngokufanayo nase-United States, kodwa bafumana ilayibrari yeefilimu kunye nochungechunge lweTV oluphindwe ngamashumi amancinci; isixa esikhulu somxholo wokupasa ngokungafihlisiyo, ngakumbi phakathi kweefilimu ezipheleleyo; Ekugqibeleni, isimo sengqondo malunga nokukhululwa kwemidlalo yeqonga asanelanga kakhulu - kuseyihlazo ukuba i-Scorsese's "Roma" kunye ne "Irishmen" ayinakubonwa kwisikrini esikhulu ngaphandle kwe-USA.
Kodwa akunakuphikiswa ukuba iNetflix, njengabakhuphisana bayo bokusasaza njengeAmazon Prime kunye neHulu, bayitshintshe ngonaphakade ifilimu kunye neTV. Kukho umxholo ophindwe kashumi ngaphezulu, ukhuphiswano lunyukile, iifilimu ezincinci ze-auteur ekugqibeleni zifumene indlela yokudlula ii-cinema, ezide zithathwe ngabadlali abakhulu be-blockbusters. Uthotho lweTV akusafuneki ukuba balinde usasazo lwabo kunye nabaphathi bentambo ukubanika indawo eyaneleyo kwishedyuli yokujonga ifilimu.
Kwaye impembelelo yabo ayiphelelanga kwinxalenye yokudala yenkqubo yefilimu. I-Netflix, kwakhona, ngenxa yezizathu zokuthengisa kuphela, iqhubela phambili icandelo lobugcisa kwishishini lefilimu iminyaka eliqela. Ke, ngo-2018, inkampani yabanqanda ababhali ukufota umxholo wokuqala kuyo ekusebenziseni iikhamera ze-Arry Alexa (yesibini, eyona idumileyo eHollywood).
Kwaye konke kuba ixhasa isisombululo esiphezulu se-3,2K, kunye neNetflix, ngokomgangatho, idinga yonke i-4K. Emva kweengxabano ezininzi kunye namahlazo, i-ARRI ikhuphe ikhamera entsha enenzwa ye-4,5K.
INetflix ide ifune ukuba abadali bayo basebenzise itekhnoloji ye-HDR kunye neDolby Atmos, kwaye inkampani isandula ukuqalisa inkqubo ye-Netflix Post Technology Alliance ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokufota. Ngoku zonke izixhobo, ukusuka kwiikhamera ukuya kwisoftware, ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yenkampani zinokusebenzisa ilogo yazo.
Kuhlala kubonakala ukuba inkqubela phambili iya kukhokelela phi ubugcisa ngeli xesha. Mhlawumbi yonke i-cinema ye-auteur kungekudala iza kuzishiya ngokupheleleyo iiholo ezitofotofo zemiboniso bhanyabhanya ngeenkonzo zokusasaza. Mhlawumbi ukusasaza kuya kuphelisa ixesha elide le-blockbusters kwi-cinema.
Okanye mhlawumbi enye into iya kwenzeka ... Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kwenzeka. Ngo-2019, ababukeli beNetflix baqala ukuwa okokuqala ukusukela ngo-XNUMXs, kwaye inkampani ngokucacileyo ayizukuhlala nje ibukele.
Ngapha koko, ngumsebenzi wethu njengababukeli ukuhlala kwaye babukele.
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