Uninzi lwabacwangcisi bale mihla bafumene imfundo yabo kwiidyunivesithi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kuya kutshintsha, kodwa ngoku izinto zinje kangangokuba abasebenzi abalungileyo kwiinkampani ze-IT basaphuma kwiiyunivesithi. Kulo myalezo, u-Stanislav Protasov, uMlawuli we-Acronis woBudlelwane beYunivesithi, uthetha ngombono wakhe weempawu zoqeqesho lweyunivesithi kubaprogram bexesha elizayo. Ootitshala, abafundi kunye nabo babaqeshayo banokufumana iingcebiso eziluncedo phantsi kokusikwa.
Kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo bendifundisa imathematika, i-algorithms, iilwimi zenkqubo kunye nokufunda koomatshini kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo. Namhlanje, ukongeza kwisikhundla sam e-Acronis, ndikwangusekela-ntloko wesebe lethiyori kunye nesayensi yekhompyuter esetyenzisiweyo kwi-MIPT. Ukususela kumava am asebenza kwiiyunivesithi ezilungileyo zaseRashiya (kwaye kungekhona kuphela), ndenze imigqaliselo malunga nokulungiswa kwabafundi kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha.
Umgaqo wesibini we-30 awusasebenzi
Ndiqinisekile ukuba udibene nomgaqo wesibini we-30, othi umdwelisi kufuneka aqonde injongo yomsebenzi emva kokujonga ngokukhawuleza kwikhowudi yayo. Yaqanjwa kwakudala, kwaye ukususela ngoko kuye kwavela iinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza, iilwimi, i-hardware kunye ne-algorithms. Ndibhale ikhowudi iminyaka eyi-12, kodwa kutsha nje ndiye ndabona ikhowudi yomthombo wemveliso enye, ethe ekuqaleni yayibonakala ngathi izalathisi zomlingo kum. Namhlanje, ukuba awubhaptizwanga kwindawo yesifundo, ngoko umthetho wesibini we-30 uyayeka ukusebenza. Ngaphandle koko, kungekuphela nje i-30, kodwa kunye nemizuzwana engama-300 ayiyi kukwanela ukuba ufumanise ukuba yintoni na.
Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukubhala abaqhubi, kuya kufuneka ungene kule ndawo kwaye ufunde amawaka emigca yekhowudi ethile. Ngale ndlela yokufunda isifundo, ingcali iphuhlisa “imvakalelo yokuhambahamba.” Njengakwirap, xa imvakalelo yesicengcelezo esilungileyo kunye nesingqisho esifanelekileyo sivela ngaphandle kwengqiqo eyodwa. Ngokunjalo, umdwelisi wenkqubo oqeqeshwe kakuhle unokubona ngokulula ikhowudi engasebenziyo okanye engalunganga ngaphandle kokungena kuphononongo oluneenkcukacha apho ulwaphulo lwesitayile lwenzekile okanye indlela ephantsi isetyenzisiwe (kodwa le mvakalelo inokuba nzima kakhulu ukuyichaza).
Ubungcali kunye nobunzima obukhulayo bukhokelela kwinto yokuba imfundo ye-bachelor ayisaniki thuba lokufunda zonke iindawo ngobunzulu obaneleyo. Kodwa kanye kanye kweli nqanaba lemfundo apho umntu kufuneka abe nembono. Emva koko, kwisikolo esiphumelele isidanga okanye emsebenzini, kuya kufuneka uchithe ixesha elithile untywila kwiingxaki kunye neenkcukacha zommandla wesifundo, ukufunda isiling, ulwimi lwenkqubo kunye nekhowudi yabalingane, ukufunda amanqaku kunye neencwadi. Kum kubonakala ngathi le kuphela kwendlela, ngoncedo lweyunivesithi, "yokumpompa i-crossbar" kwixesha elizayo. .
Loluphi ulwimi lwenkqubo olulungele ukufundiswa eyunivesithi?
Okwandivuyisayo kukuba, abafundisi-ntsapho baseyunivesithi sele beyekile ukukhangela impendulo echanileyo kumbuzo othi: “Loluphi olona lwimi lufanelekileyo ekunocwangciso ngalo?” Ingxoxo malunga nokuba yeyiphi engcono - C # okanye iJava, iDelphi okanye iC ++ - iphantse yanyamalala. Ukuvela kweelwimi ezininzi zeprogramu entsha kunye nokuqokelela amava okufundisa kukhokelele ekuqondeni okusekiweyo kwimeko yemfundo: ulwimi ngalunye lunendawo yalo.
Ingxaki yokufundisa kusetyenziswa ulwimi olunye okanye olunye lwenkqubo iyekile ukuba ngundoqo. Akukhathaliseki nokuba ikhosi ifundiswa ngoluphi ulwimi. Eyona nto iphambili kukucacisa okwaneleyo kolwimi. Incwadi "” ngumzekeliso omhle woku. Kulo shicilelo lwangoku lwakudala, yonke imizekelo iboniswe kwiJava - ulwimi olungenazikhombisi, kodwa kunye noMqokeleli weNkunkuma. Akukho mntu unokuxoxa ukuba iJava ikude nolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokubhala ikhowudi ehambelanayo yokusebenza okuphezulu. Kodwa olo lwimi lwalufanelekile ekuchazeni iingongoma ezikule ncwadi. Omnye umzekelo - U-Andrew Nna, ufundise eMatlab kwindawo ye-Octave. Namhlanje unokukhetha ulwimi olwahlukileyo lwenkqubo, kodwa yintoni umahluko oyenzayo ngokwenene ukuba izimvo kunye neendlela zibalulekile?
Isebenza ngakumbi kwaye isondele kwinyani
Kwangaxeshanye, kwiminyaka yakutshanje bekukho amagcisa amaninzi angakumbi kwiiyunivesithi. Ukuba ngaphambili iinkqubo zaseyunivesithi zaseRashiya zagxekwa ngokunyanisekileyo ngenxa yokuqhawula umtshato nenyani, namhlanje okufanayo akunakuthethwa malunga nemfundo ye-IT. Kwiminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo bekukho phantse ootitshala kwiiyunivesithi abanamava okwenyani kushishino. Kule mihla, ngakumbi nangakumbi, iiklasi kwisebe elikhethekileyo azifundiswa ngootitshala bexesha elizeleyo besayensi yekhompyuter, kodwa ngokuziqhelanisa neengcali ze-IT ezifundisa kuphela iikhosi ezi-1-2 ngexesha labo lokukhulula kumsebenzi wabo oyintloko. Le ndlela iyazithethelela ngokwembono yoqeqesho lwabasebenzi olukumgangatho ophezulu, uhlaziyo lwezifundo kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukukhangela abasebenzi abanokubakho kwinkampani. Andicingi ukuba ndiya kutyhila imfihlelo ngokuthi sixhasa isebe elisisiseko kwi-MIPT kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane kunye nezinye iiyunivesithi, kubandakanywa nokulungiselela abafundi abanokuqala imisebenzi yabo kwi-Acronis.
Ingcali yezibalo okanye umdwelisi-nkqubo?
Iimfazwe ezingcwele, ebezijikeleze ngaphambili kwiilwimi zokucwangcisa, ziye zaya kwicala lefilosofi. Ngoku abo babizwa ngokuba “ngabacwangcisi benkqubo” kunye “neengcali zemathematika” bayaphikisana. Ngokomgaqo, ezi zikolo zinokohlulwa zibe ziinkqubo zemfundo ezimbini, kodwa ishishini lisahlwempuzekile ekwahluleni izinto ezifihlakeleyo ezilolo hlobo, kwaye ukusuka eyunivesithi ukuya eyunivesithi sinemfundo efanayo esijolise kuyo eyahluke kancinane. Oku kuthetha ukuba bobabini umfundi kunye nenkampani aza kuqhubeka esebenza kuyo kuya kufuneka bongeze iphazili yolwazi ngeziqwenga ezingekhoyo.
Ukuvela kwabasebenzi kwiiyunivesithi ababhala ikhowudi yeshishini ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo kunika abafundi izakhono ezingcono zophuhliso. Ukuqhelana kakuhle nokuphunyezwa kwamathala eencwadi asemgangathweni, izikhokelo kunye nobuchule beprogram, abaprogram abaqhubayo bafaka kubafundi umnqweno wokubhala ikhowudi elungileyo, ukuyenza ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo.
Obu buchule buluncedo, nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha bukhokelela ekuveleni kwabo bathanda ukubuyisela ivili. Abafundi beprogram bacinga ngolu hlobo: "Ngaba ndifanele ndibhale enye imigca ye-200 yekhowudi efanelekileyo eya kusombulula ingxaki?"
Ootitshala abafumene imfundo yakudala yemathematika (umzekelo, kwiFakhalthi yeMathematika okanye i-Applied Mathematics) basoloko besebenza kwimekobume yobuchwephesha besayensi, okanye kwinkalo yomfuziselo kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha. "IiMathematika" ibona iingxaki kwinkalo yeSayensi yeKhompyutha ngokwahlukileyo. Ngokuyintloko basebenza hayi ngekhowudi, kodwa nge-algorithms, ithiyori, kunye neemodeli ezisesikweni. Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yendlela yemathematika kukuqonda okusisiseko okucacileyo kwento enokwazi nokungena kusonjululwa. Nendlela yokusombulula ngayo.
Ngokunjalo, ootitshala bemathematika bathetha ngokuprograma ngokuthambekele kwithiyori. Abafundi abaphuma “kwiingcali zemathematika” bahlala beza nezisombululo ezicingisiswe kakuhle kunye nethiyori ekumgangatho ophezulu, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo isezantsi ngokwembono yolwimi kwaye ihlala ibhalwa ngokungenankathalo. Umfundi onjalo ukholelwa ukuba eyona njongo yakhe iphambili kukubonisa amandla okucombulula ezo ngxaki ngokwemigaqo. Kodwa ukuphunyezwa kunokuba nzima.
Abantwana abakhuliswe njengabacwangcisi beprogram esikolweni okanye kwiminyaka yabo yokuqala beza nabo "ibhayisekile entle kakhulu", nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo ayisebenzi kakuhle ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokuchasene noko, abazibeki umsebenzi wokwenza ithiyori enzulu kwaye baguqukele kwiincwadi zokufunda bekhangela izisombululo ezizezona zilungileyo, bekhetha ikhowudi entle.
Kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo, ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe lwabafundi, ndidla ngokubona ukuba sesiphi “isikolo” esiphantsi kwemfundo yakhe. Kwaye phantse andizange ndihlangabezane nokulungelelana okugqibeleleyo kwimfundo esisiseko. Njengomntwana, kwisixeko sam ungalungiselela i-olympiads yemathematika, kodwa kwakungekho klabhu zokucwangcisa. Ngoku, kwiiklabhu, abantwana bafunda ukwenza inkqubo kwi "fashionable" Go kunye nePython. Ke ngoko, nakwinqanaba lokwamkelwa ezidyunivesiti, kukho umahluko kwiindlela zokufundisa. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba kubalulekile ukugcina zombini izakhono eyunivesithi, ngaphandle koko ingcali enesiseko esinganeleyo sethiyori, okanye umntu ongazange afunde kwaye akafuni ukubhala ikhowudi elungileyo, uya kuza ukusebenza kwinkampani.
Indlela "yokumpompa i-crossbar" kwixesha elizayo
Kucacile ukuba kwiimeko ezinjalo umfundi ukhetha oko akuthanda kakhulu. Umfundisi-ntsapho udlulisela imbono esondele ngakumbi kuye. Kodwa wonke umntu uya kuzuza ukuba ikhowudi ibhalwe kakuhle, kwaye ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-algorithms, yonke into icacile, ingqiqo kwaye iyasebenza.
- IT horizons. Umntu ophumelele isidanga se-bachelor kwiSayensi yeKhompyutha yingcali esele ilungile enembono ephuhlisiweyo yobugcisa, mhlawumbi oye wakhetha iprofayili yakhe. Kodwa kunyaka omncinci, asiyazi into aza kuyenza. Unokungena kwisayensi okanye kwi-analytics, okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, unokubhala inani elikhulu lekhowudi yonke imihla. Ngoko ke, umfundi kufuneka aboniswe zonke iinkalo zokusebenza kwintsimi ye-IT kwaye aziswe kuzo zonke izixhobo. Ngokunqwenelekayo, ootitshala abavela kwiikhosi zethiyori baya kubonisa unxibelelwano neprakthikhali (kunye nangenye indlela).
- Indawo yokukhula. Kulungelwa ngumfundi ngokwakhe ukuba angazivumeli ukuba agabadele. Ukuqonda ukuba ngaba "uyingcali yemathematika" okanye "umdwelisi" akukho nzima. Kwanele ukumamela impembelelo yokuqala xa usombulula ingxaki: ufuna ukwenza ntoni - jonga kwincwadi yokufunda ukukhangela eyona ndlela ilungileyo okanye ubhale imisebenzi embalwa eya kuba luncedo kamva? Ngokusekwe koku, unokwakha umkhondo owongezelelweyo wokufunda kwakho.
- Eminye imithombo yolwazi. Kwenzeka ukuba inkqubo ilungelelene kakuhle, kodwa "iNkqubo yeNkqubo" kunye ne "Algorithms" ifundiswa ngabantu abahluke ngokupheleleyo, kwaye abanye abafundi basondele kutitshala wokuqala, kunye nabanye - okwesibini. Kodwa nokuba awumthandi unjingalwazi, esi ayisosizathu sokungahoyi ezinye izifundo ngokuthanda abanye. IiBachelors ngokwazo zinomdla wokufumana ukuthanda ukusebenza ngemithombo yolwazi kwaye akukho meko inokuthenjwa iimbono ezibukhali ezinje ngokuba "imathematika iyindlovukazi yesayensi, eyona nto iphambili kukwazi i-algorithms" okanye "ikhowudi elungileyo ihlawulela yonke enye into."
Ungalwenza nzulu ulwazi lwakho kwithiyori ngokuguqukela kuncwadi olukhethekileyo kunye nezifundo ze-intanethi. Unokuphucula izakhono zakho kwiilwimi zeprogram kwi-Coursera, i-Udacity okanye i-Stepik, apho kukho izifundo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kananjalo, abafundi bahlala beqala ukubukela iikhosi zolwimi olunzima ukuba baziva ngathi utitshala we-algorithms uzazi kakuhle imathematika, kodwa akakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo entsonkothileyo yophumezo. Ayinguye wonke umntu oya kuvumelana nam, kodwa ekusebenzeni kwam izibonakalise kakuhle , apho iimpawu ezintsonkothileyo zolwimi zicazululwa ngokulandelelanayo. Ngokubanzi, khetha ikhosi enamanqaku aphezulu kwiinkampani ezithembekileyo okanye kwiiyunivesithi.
Izakhono eziphantsi
Ukusuka eyunivesithi ukuya kusebenza kuyo nayiphi na inkampani, ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya kwishishini elikhulu, abafundi abasuka nakwiiyunivesithi eziphezulu bazifumana bengaqhelananga nendawo yokusebenza yokwenyani. Inyani kukuba namhlanje iiyunivesithi "zigcina abantwana" kakhulu abafundi. Kwanasemva kokuphoswa kweeklasi ezininzi, ukungalungiseleli iimvavanyo kunye neemvavanyo ngexesha, ukulala kakhulu, okanye ukushiywa emva kwexesha loviwo, wonke umntu unokupasa kwaye aphinde athathe kwakhona - kwaye ekugqibeleni afumane idiploma.
Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje kukho zonke iimeko zokuba abafundi balungele ubomi babantu abadala kunye nomsebenzi ozimeleyo wobugcisa. Kuya kufuneka ukuba bangayiprogram kuphela, kodwa banxibelelane. Kwaye oku kufuneka kufundiswe. Iiyunivesithi zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphuhlisa ezi zakhono, kodwa, yeha, zihlala zinganikwa ngqalelo eyaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, sinamathuba amaninzi okufumana izakhono zokusebenza njengeqela.
- Unxibelelwano lweshishini olubhaliweyo. Ngelishwa, uninzi lwabaphumeleleyo abashiya iyunivesiti abanalo nofifi malunga nokuziphatha ngembalelwano. Ubume bonxibelelwano kwizithunywa ezikhawulezayo kukutshintshiselana kwemiyalezo ubusuku nemini kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesimbo sencoko kunye nesigama esingacwangciswanga. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kwenzeka ukuqeqesha intetho ebhaliweyo xa umfundi enxibelelana nesebe kunye neyunivesithi.
Enyanisweni, abaphathi bahlala bejongene nesidingo sokubola iprojekthi enkulu kwimisebenzi encinci. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uchaze ngokucacileyo umsebenzi ngamnye kunye namacandelo awo ukuze abaphuhlisi abancinci baqonde into efunekayo kubo. Umsebenzi ongachazwanga kakuhle uhlala ukhokelela kwisidingo sokwenza kwakhona into ethile, yiyo loo nto amava kunxibelelwano olubhaliweyo anceda abaphumeleleyo ukuba basebenze kumaqela asasazwayo.
- Inkcazo ebhaliweyo yeziphumo zomsebenzi wakho. Ukubonisa iiprojekthi zabo zemfundo, abafundi abaphezulu banokubhala izithuba kwiHabr, amanqaku enzululwazi, kunye neengxelo nje. Maninzi amathuba oku - umsebenzi wekhosi uqala kunyaka wesibini kwiidyunivesithi ezithile. Unokusebenzisa izincoko njengendlela yokulawula - zihlala zisondele ngakumbi kwifom yenqaku lentatheli. Le ndlela yokusebenza sele iphunyeziwe kwi-National Research University Higher School of Economics.
Ukuba inkampani isebenzisa indlela eguquguqukayo yophuhliso, kufuneka ibonise iziphumo zomsebenzi wayo kwiindawo ezincinci, kodwa rhoqo. Ukwenza oku, kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuhambisa ngokufutshane iziphumo zomsebenzi wengcali enye okanye iqela lonke. Kwakhona, iinkampani ezininzi namhlanje ziqhuba "uphononongo" - lonyaka okanye lwesiqingatha sonyaka. Abasebenzi baxoxa ngeziphumo kunye namathuba omsebenzi. Uphononongo oluyimpumelelo sesona sizathu siphambili sokukhula komsebenzi, iibhonasi, umzekelo, kwiMicrosoft, Acronis okanye Yandex. Ewe, unokucwangcisa kakuhle, kodwa "ukuhlala ekhoneni" nokuba ingcali epholileyo iya kuhlala ilahlekelwa ngumntu owazi ukuveza impumelelo yakhe kakuhle.
- Ukubhalwa kwezifundo. Ubhalo lwezemfundo lufanelwe ukukhankanywa ngokukodwa. Kuluncedo kubafundi ukuba baqhelane nemithetho yokubhala imibhalo yenzululwazi, besebenzisa iingxoxo, ukukhangela ulwazi kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kunye nokufomatha iimbekiselo kule mithombo. Kucetyiswa ukuba wenze oku ngesiNgesi, kuba kukho izicatshulwa ezininzi ezilungileyo kuluntu lwezemfundo yamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo sele zisekiwe iitemplates zokubonisa iziphumo zenzululwazi. Kakade ke, ubuchule bokubhala kwizifundo buyafuneka xa kulungiselelwa iimpapasho zolwimi lwesiRashiya, kodwa kukho imizekelo embalwa kakhulu yamanqaku alungileyo anamhlanje esiNgesi. Ezi zakhono zinokufunyanwa ngekhosi efanelekileyo, ngoku equkwa kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemfundo.
- Iintlanganiso ezikhokelayo. Uninzi lwabafundi aluyazi indlela yokulungiselela iintlanganiso, ukuthatha imizuzu, kunye nokucwangcisa idatha. Kodwa ukuba sihlakulela olu buchule kwiikholeji, umzekelo, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi zeqela, sinokukuphepha ukuchitha ixesha emsebenzini. Oku kufuna ukubeka iliso kumsebenzi weprojekthi yabafundi ukuze abafundise indlela yokuqhuba iintlanganiso ngempumelelo. Enyanisweni, oku kubiza imali eninzi kwiqumrhu ngalinye - emva koko, ukuba abantu abaninzi abafumana umvuzo omkhulu bachitha iyure yokusebenza kwi-rally, ufuna ukuba kubekho imbuyekezo ehambelana nayo.
- Ukuthetha esidlangalaleni. Abafundi abaninzi bajongana nesidingo sokuthetha esidlangalaleni kuphela ngelixa bekhusela ithisisi yabo. Kwaye ayinguye wonke umntu oyilungeleyo le nto. Ndibone abafundi abaninzi aba:
- bema befulathele abaphulaphuli;
- eshukuma, ezama ukwazisa ikhomishini kwi-trance,
- iipeni zokuqhawula, iipensile kunye nezikhombisi,
- ukuhamba kwizangqa
- jonga phantsi.
Oku kuqhelekile xa umntu esenza okokuqala. Kodwa kufuneka uqale ukusebenza ngolu xinzelelo kwangethuba - ngokukhusela umsebenzi wakho wekhosi kwindawo enobuhlobo, phakathi kwabafundi ofunda nabo.
Ukongeza, ukuziqhelanisa okusemgangathweni kumaqumrhu kukunika umqeshwa ithuba lokucebisa umbono kwaye afumane inkxaso-mali, isikhundla, okanye iprojekthi ezinikeleyo kuyo. Kodwa, ukuba ucinga ngako, oku kukukhusela okufanayo kwezifundo, kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Kutheni ungaqheliseli ubuchule obunjalo bomsebenzi ngoxa ufunda?
Ndiphoswe yintoni?
Esinye sezizathu zokubhala esi sithuba yayilinqaku, . Umbhali wenqaku ugxininisa kuphela kwiintsilelo zabafundi baseRashiya abaqatshelwe ngabafundisi bangaphandle. Indlela yokufundisa kwam kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo ibonisa ukuba isikolo saseRashiya kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo zibonelela ngesiseko esihle. Abafundi baseRashiya banolwazi kwimathematika kunye ne-algorithms, kwaye kulula ukwakha unxibelelwano lobuchwephesha kunye nabo.
Kwimeko yabafundi bamazwe angaphandle, ngokuchaseneyo, ukulindela komfundisi waseRashiya ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba phezulu kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, kwinqanaba loqeqesho olusisiseko ngokwemathematika, abafundi baseIndiya endidibana nabo bafana neRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha abanalo ulwazi olukhethekileyo xa bephumelele kwizifundo zabo zesidanga sokuqala. Abafundi abalungileyo baseYurophu kusenokwenzeka ukuba babenemvelaphi yezibalo engaqinanga kangako kwinqanaba lesikolo.
Kwaye ukuba ufunda okanye usebenza eyunivesithi, ngoku ungasebenza kwizakhono zonxibelelwano (ezakho okanye zabafundi bakho), wandise isiseko sakho esisisiseko kunye nenkqubo yokuziqhelanisa. Ngenxa yale njongo, inkqubo yemfundo yaseRashiya inika onke amathuba - kufuneka uyisebenzise ngokuchanekileyo.
Ndiya kuvuya ukuba kumazwana kwisithuba ubelana ngamakhonkco akho kwiikhosi kunye neendlela ezinceda ukulinganisa ukulingana kwimfundo, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphucula izakhono ezithambileyo ngelixa ufunda eyunivesithi.
umthombo: www.habr.com