Umsebenzi wam ophambili unxulumene nedatha kunye nenkqubo kwi R, kodwa kweli nqaku ndifuna ukuthetha malunga nomsebenzi wam, ode ungenise imali ethile. Bendisoloko ndinomdla wokuxelela nokucacisa izinto kubahlobo, abo ndifunda nabo kunye nabanye abafundi. Kwakhona kwakusoloko kulula kum ukufumana ulwimi oluqhelekileyo nabantwana, andazi ukuba kutheni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ndikholelwa ukuba ukukhulisa nokufundisa abantwana kuyenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuzo zonke, yaye umfazi wam ungumfundisi-ntsapho. Ke, malunga nonyaka odlulileyo, ndabhengeza kwiqela le-Facebook lendawo, ndaseka iqela kwaye ndaqala ukufundisa iScratch kunye nePython kanye ngeveki. Ngoku ndinamaqela amahlanu, iklasi yam ekhaya kunye nezifundo zomntu ngamnye. Indlela endaphila ngayo ngale ndlela kunye nendlela endibafundisa ngayo abantwana, ndiza kukuxelela kweli nqaku.
Ndihlala eCalgary, eAlberta, eCanada, ke ezinye izinto ziya kuba zezasekhaya.
Igumbi
Ubukho bendawo yokuziqhelanisa yayiyeyona nto ixhalabisayo kwasekuqaleni. Ndizamile ukukhangela iiofisi kunye namagumbi okufundela ukuze ndirente ngeyure, kodwa andizange ndiphumelele. Iyunivesiti yethu kunye ne-SAIT, indawo elingana ne-MIT, ibonelela ngeeklasi kunye nangaphandle kweekhompyuter. Amaxabiso apho abonakale engenabuntu kakhulu, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwavela ukuba iyunivesiti ayibavumeli abantwana, kwaye i-SAIT ngokubanzi irenta kuphela kubafundi bayo. Ngoko ke, olu khetho lwapheliswa. Kukho amaziko amaninzi eofisi aqesha amagumbi okuhlangana kunye neeofisi ngeyure, kukho iinkampani ezipheleleyo ezibonelela ngeenketho ezininzi ukusuka kwigumbi lokufundela elipheleleyo ukuya kwigumbi labantu abane. Bendinethemba, kuba iAlberta liphondo leoli, besikwingxaki eyonqenayo ukusukela ngo-2014, kwaye iindawo ezininzi zoshishino azinanto. Bendingafanelanga ukuba ndinethemba; amaxabiso ajike aba mandundu kangangokuba andizange ndiwakholelwe nokuwakholelwa ekuqaleni. Kulula ukuba abanini-ndawo bahlale kwiiofisi ezingenanto kwaye bahlawule iindleko kunokulahla.
Ngelo xesha, ndakhumbula ukuba ndandizihlawula rhoqo iirhafu zam, yaye enoba ilizwe lethu elithandekayo, okanye kunoko, isixeko saseCalgary, sinento ethile apho. Kwavela ukuba kukho ngokwenene. Esi sixeko sinamabala emidlalo yehoki neminye imidlalo yokutyibiliza, yaye kula mabala kukho amagumbi apho amaqhawe asemkhenkceni athetha ngezicwangciso zamadabi exesha elizayo. Ngokufutshane, ibala ngalinye linamagumbi amabini aneetafile, izitulo, ibhodi emhlophe kunye nesinki eneketile. Ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu - i-25 ye-tugrik yaseCanada ngeyure. Ekuqaleni ndagqiba ukwenza iiklasi ngeyure enesiqingatha, ngoko ndabeka ixabiso lesifundo kwi-$ 35 kwiklasi nganye kwiqela labantu abahlanu, ukuhlawulela irenti, kwaye ndibeke into epokothweni yam. Ngokubanzi, ndandithanda ukusebenza kwibala lemidlalo, yasombulula enye yeengxaki - uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiRashiya bahlala emazantsi, kwaye ndihlala emantla esixeko, ngoko ke ndakhetha ibala eliphakathi. Kodwa kwakukho nezinto eziphazamisayo. I-bureaucracy yaseCanada ilungile kwaye inobuhlobo, kodwa, ukuyibeka ngobumnene, inokuba yinto enzima. Akukho ngxaki xa uqhelana nesigqi kwaye ucwangcise kwangaphambili, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kuvela amaxesha angathandekiyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiwebhusayithi yesixeko unokukhetha ngokufanelekileyo ixesha kunye nendawo kwaye ugcine igumbi, kodwa awukwazi ukuhlawula, nangayiphi na indlela. Bafowuna ngokwabo kwaye bamkele iintlawulo zekhadi. Ungaya eofisini kwaye uhlawule ngemali. Kwakukho umzuzu ohlekisayo kodwa ongekho mnandi kakhulu xa ndandilindele ucingo lwabo ukuba ndihlawulele isifundo sesibini, aluzange lufike, kwaye ngosuku lokugqibela ndandiyimizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu emva kwexesha eofisini. Kuye kwafuneka ndiye kunogada ndinobuso oburhabaxa ndixoke ukuba igumbi libhukhiwe. Thina bantu baseKhanada siyalivuma ilizwi lam; baye bandingenisa ngokuzolileyo bengajonganga nto, kodwa bendingenakuyenza loo nto ukuba abantu bebengekabikho endleleni eya eklasini.
Le yindlela endandisebenza ngayo ebusika nasentlakohlaza, kwaza emva koko kwenzeka utshintsho olwaluyindiza yokugqibela. Okokuqala, iofisi yayivaliwe kwiindwendwe kwaye banikezela ukwamkela iintlawulo ngefowuni kwikona. Ndahlala epasejini noba yisiqingatha seyure ngaphambi kokuba ndigqithe. Okwesibini, ukuba ngaphambili umakazi wam othandekayo wathatha intlawulo kum iyure enesiqingatha, ngoku enye intombazana yaphendula ifowuni kwaye yathi intlawulo yeyure kuphela. Ngelo xesha, iqela lam yayingabantu abathathu okanye ababini, kwaye i-12.5 eyongezelelweyo yeedola yayingeyomfuneko kwaphela. Ewe kunjalo, ndingumbono, kodwa ukuba umfazi wam undilahlela phandle esitratweni, akusayi kubakho mntu ufundisayo. Ndandingekaphangeli ngoko.
Ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndiye kwithala leencwadi. Amathala eencwadi aqeshe amagumbi amangalisayo simahla, kodwa kukho into enye ebanjiweyo-awukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yorhwebo. Kwanemibutho yesisa ayivumelekanga ukuba iqokelele imali apho. Ndaxelelwa ukuba le nto ayilawulwa ngokukodwa, into ephambili ayiyikuthatha imali ekungeneni, kodwa ngokwenene andithandi ukuphula imithetho. Enye ingxaki kukuba amagumbi ahlala ehlala kwaye kunzima ukuqhuba iiklasi ezicwangcisiweyo ngexesha elinye kwindawo enye. Ndandifundisa kumathala eencwadi ehlotyeni nasekuqaleni kobusika, kwakufuneka ndikhethe lawo anesithuba, yaye ekugqibeleni ndawatshintsha amathala eencwadi amahlanu okanye amathandathu. Ndandula ke ndaqalisa ukubhukisha indawo kwiinyanga ezimbini kwangaphambili, yaye nalapho, ndakwazi ukukwenza oku kwithala leencwadi elinye elincinane; abanye rhoqo babengenazo iindawo ngexesha elifunekayo. Kwaye ke ndagqiba ekubeni ndenze iklasi yekhompyutha ekhaya. Ndixhome ibhodi, ndathenga itafile yesibini kunye neemonitha ezimbalwa zakudala kwintengiso. Emsebenzini, inkampani yandithengela ilaptop entsha enamandla kuba uhlalutyo kwikhompyuter yam luthathe phantse iiyure ezingama-24. Ke, bendinekhompyuter entsha endala, ikhompyuter endala, ilaptop apho umntwana wam omncinci watyumza isikrini, kunye netbook yakudala apho ndatyumza isikrini ngokwam. Ndizidibanise zonke kwiimonitha kwaye ndafaka i-Linux Mint kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwe-netbook, apho ndifake ikiti yokusabalalisa ukukhanya kakhulu, kubonakala ngathi, iPappy. Ndisenayo ilaptop entsha endala, ethengwe ngeedola ezingama-200, ndayidibanisa neTV. Kwakhona okubalulekileyo kukuba umnini wethu usandul 'ukutshintsha iifestile zethu, kwaye endaweni ye-squalor eyoyikekayo, edilikayo kwigumbi, ngoku sinezakhelo ezimhlophe ezitsha. Umfazi wam ugcina igumbi lokuhlala, ikhitshi kunye negumbi lokulala lesibini kwi-kindergarten, ngoko ke wonke umgangatho uguquke waba yi-pedagogical. Ke, ngoku yonke into ilungile kunye nezakhiwo, masiqhubele phambili ekufundiseni.
Ukukrwela
Ndiyaqala ukufundisa iziseko zeprogram usebenzisa ulwimi lweScratch. Olu lulwimi olusebenzisa iibhloko esele zenziwe, ezaqanjwa ngexesha elinye eMIT. Uninzi lwabantwana sele beyibonile iScratch esikolweni, ke bayichola ngokukhawuleza. Kukho iinkqubo esele zenziwe kunye nezicwangciso zezifundo, kodwa andizithandi kwaphela. Ezinye ziyamangalisa - yenza ibali lakho, umzekelo. Inkqubo yonke iqulathe iibhloko ezingenakubalwa say '<...>' for 2 seconds. Inokubonwa ukuba yaqanjwa ngabantu abayilayo kakhulu, kodwa ngale ndlela unokufundisa indlela yokubhala ikhowudi yesipaghetti yaseIndiya. Kwasekuqaleni, ndithetha ngemigaqo efana ne-DRY.Ezinye ingqokelela yemisebenzi ilungile, kodwa abantwana bakhawuleza bawubambe undoqo baze baqalise ukuwenza njengompu. Ngenxa yoko, kwisifundo esinye benza oko bekufanele ukuba bakwenzile kwisihlanu. Kwaye ukukhangela kunye nokukhetha imisebenzi kuthatha ixesha elininzi lobuqu. Ngokubanzi, i-Scratch ayisikhumbuzi ngakumbi ngolwimi, kodwa ye-IDE, apho kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ucofa phi kwaye ujonge ntoni. Ngokukhawuleza xa abafundi bekhululekile okanye bencinci, ndizama ukubadlulisela kwiPython. Nditsho nentombazana yam eneminyaka esixhenxe ubudala ibhala iinkqubo ezilula kwiPython. Into endiyibonayo njengenzuzo yeScratch kukuba iqulethe iikhonsepthi ezisisiseko ezifundwa ngendlela yokudlala. Ngesizathu esithile, kunzima kakhulu kumntu wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, ukuqonda ingcamango yokuguquguquka. Ekuqaleni ndakhawuleza ndasikrazula isihloko ndaza ndaqhubela phambili de ndajongana nento yokuba babengazi nokuba benze ntoni ngaloo nto. Ngoku ndichitha ixesha elininzi kwizinto eziguquguqukayo kwaye ndibuyela rhoqo kuzo. Kuya kufuneka wenze i-hammering yobudenge. Nditshintsha iinguqu ezahlukeneyo kwiscreen kwaye ndibenze bathethe amaxabiso abo. I-Scratch nayo inezakhiwo zokulawula kunye nokujonga ixabiso, njenge while, for okanye if kwipython. Zilula kakhulu, kodwa kukho iingxaki kwi-loops enendlwane. Ndizama ukunika imisebenzi emininzi nge-loop eneed, kwaye ukuze isenzo sayo sicace. Emva koko ndiqhubela phambili kwimisebenzi. Nabantu abadala, ingcamango yomsebenzi ayibonakali, kwaye ngakumbi kubantwana. Ndihamba ixesha elide malunga nokuba yintoni umsebenzi ngokubanzi, ndithetha malunga nefektri efumana izinto njengegalelo kwaye ikhupha iimpahla, malunga nompheki owenza ukutya kwizithako eziluhlaza. Emva koko senza inkqubo "yenza isangweji" ngeemveliso, kwaye emva koko senza umsebenzi kuyo, apho iimveliso zigqithiswa njengeparameters. Ndigqibezela imisebenzi yokufunda ngeScratch.
Inhlwathi
Ngepython yonke into ilula. Kukho incwadi entle yePython yaBantwana, yile nto ndifundisa kuyo. Yonke into isemgangathweni apho - imigca, iodolo yokusebenza, print(), input() njl. Ibhalwe ngolwimi olulula, noburharha, abantwana bayayithanda. Inesiphako esiqhelekileyo kwiincwadi ezininzi zokucwangcisa. Njengoko kwihlaya elidumileyo - indlela yokudweba isikhova. Oval - isangqa - isikhova. Utshintsho ukusuka kumagama alula ukuya kwiikhonsepthi ezintsokothileyo lukhawuleza kakhulu. Kundithatha iiseshini ezininzi ukuncamathisela into kwindlela yamachaphaza. Kwelinye icala, andingxamanga, ndiphinda into enye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo de ubuncinci umfanekiso uhlangane. Ndiqala ngezinto eziguquguqukayo kwaye ndizibethelele kwakhona, ngeli xesha ePython. Izinto eziguquguqukayo luhlobo lwesiqalekiso.
Umfundi okrelekrele, othe kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo wacofa ngokucofa okuguquguqukayo kwi-Skratch, ujongeka njengenkunzi yegusha kwisango elitsha kwaye akanako ukongeza u-X kunye no-Y, obhalwe ngokucacileyo ebhodini umgca ongentla. Siyaphinda! Yintoni into eguquguqukayo? Igama nentsingiselo! Lithetha ntoni uphawu olulinganayo? Isabelo! Silujonga njani ukulingana? Uphawu olulinganayo oluphindwe kabini! Kwaye siphinda oku kwakhona kwaye kwakhona de kube ukukhanya okupheleleyo. Emva koko siqhubela phambili kwimisebenzi, apho inkcazo malunga neengxabano ithatha ixesha elide. Iingxoxo ezibizwayo, ngokwesikhundla, ngokungagqibekanga, njalo njalo. Asikafiki kwiiklasi nakweliphi na iqela. Ukongeza kwiPython, sifunda ii-algorithms ezidumileyo ezivela kwincwadi, ngakumbi emva koko.
Enyanisweni, uqeqesho
Isifundo sam sakhiwe ngolu hlobo: Ndinika ithiyori isiqingatha seyure, ulwazi lovavanyo, kwaye ndidibanise into efundiweyo. Lixesha leelebhu. Ndihlala ndithabatheka kwaye ndithethe ukuya kuthi ga kwiyure, emva koko kushiyeke isiqingatha seyure sokuziqhelanisa. Xa ndandifunda i-python, ndabukela ikhosi Ii-algorithms kunye noLwakhiwo lweDatha Khiryanov evela MIPT. Ndiyithande kakhulu intetho yakhe kunye nokwakheka kweentetho zakhe. Imbono yakhe yile: izikhokelo, i-syntax, amathala eencwadi aphelelwa lixesha. Uyilo lwezakhiwo, ukusebenzisana, iinkqubo zolawulo lwenguqulelo-kusekutsha. Ngenxa yoko, i-algorithms kunye nezakhiwo zedatha zihlala ziyaziwa ixesha elide kwaye ziya kuhlala zikwimo efanayo. Ndikhumbula kuphela amanani apheleleyo kwiziko likapascal. Ekubeni abafundi bam bebancinci, ukususela kwiminyaka esixhenxe ukuya kweshumi elinesihlanu ubudala, ndikholelwa ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu kwikamva labo ukubeka iziseko kunokuba babhale ngokukhawuleza umdlalo weqonga kwiPython. Nangona, bafuna i-platformer ngakumbi, kwaye ndiyabaqonda. Ndibanika iialgorithms ezilula - iqamza, uphendlo lokubini kuluhlu oluhleliweyo, umva ubhalo lwePolish usebenzisa isitakhi, kodwa sihlalutya nganye nganye ngokweenkcukacha ezinkulu. Kwaye kwavela ukuba abantwana banamhlanje abazi ukuba ikhompyuter isebenza njani, ndiya kukuxelela. Ndizama ukuhlanganisa iikhonsepthi ezininzi kwintetho nganye. Umzekelo, ikhompyuter imemori/ipesenti-inkumbulo eyenziwe ngeeseli (ndiya kukuvumela ukuba ubambe imemori chip, qikelela ukuba zingaphi iiseli ezikhona) - iseli nganye ifana neglowubhu yesibane-zimbini iindawo- yinyani/bubuxoki. - kunye/okanye - i-binary/decimal - 8bit = 1 byte - byte = 256 iinketho - uhlobo lwedatha olusengqiqweni kwibit enye - amanani apheleleyo kwi-byte enye - float kwiibytes ezimbini - string kwi-byte enye - inani elikhulu kwi-bits ye-64 - uluhlu kunye ne-tuple evela kwiindidi zangaphambili. Ndenza ugcino ukuba kwikhompyuter yokwenyani yonke into yahlukile kwaye ubungakanani bememori kwezi ntlobo zedatha yahlukile, kodwa eyona nto iphambili kukuba thina ngokwethu kwinkqubo sidala iintlobo zedatha ezintsonkothileyo ukusuka kwezo zilula. Iintlobo zedatha yeyona nto inzima ukuyikhumbula. Yiyo loo nto ndiqala isifundo ngasinye ngokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza-umfundi omnye ubiza uhlobo lwedatha, olandelayo unika imizekelo emibini, njalo njalo kwisangqa. Ngenxa yoko, ndiphumelele ukuba nabantwana abancinci bakhwaza ngovuyo - dada! bhuqa! sixhenxe, ntlanu! pizza, imoto! Ngexesha lentetho, ndihlala nditsala kuqala enye okanye enye, ngaphandle koko baqala ngokukhawuleza ukuthabatha iimpumlo zabo baze bajonge kwisilingi. Kwaye inqanaba lolwazi lomntu wonke lifuna ukujongwa rhoqo emva koko.
Abafundi bam abakhe bayeke ukundimangalisa, kunye nobudenge babo kunye nobukrelekrele obungalindelekanga. Ngethamsanqa, rhoqo ngobukrelekrele.
Ndandifuna ukubhala ngakumbi, kodwa kwathi kanti liphepha nje. Ndiya kuvuya ukuphendula yonke imibuzo. Ndiyakwamkela nakuphi na ukugxekwa ngandlela zonke, ndikucela nje ukuba ube nokunyamezelana omnye komnye kumagqabantshintshi. Eli linqaku elilungileyo.
umthombo: www.habr.com