I-Olympiad yomfundi omkhulu iza kuqala kungekudala . Ibisebenza kwi-intanethi kwaye ingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi iminyaka emininzi ngoku. Abafundi abavela kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeengcali, kubandakanywa nobugcisa, banokuthatha inxaxheba. I-Olympiad ihlelwe yi-26 iiyunivesithi eziphambili: i-National Research University School of Economics, iYunivesithi yaseMoscow State, iYunivesithi yaseMoscow State Technical, iMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology, i-MEPhI, iYunivesithi yaseSt. Petersburg State, iYunivesithi ye-ITMO kunye nabanye.
Yandex liqabane lobugcisa le projekthi. Kithina, "NdiyiNgcali" ibe lithuba elihle kunyaka wesibini ngokulandelelana ukuthetha ngokubaluleka kwezakhono ezithambileyo (izakhono ezithambileyo) kumsebenzi wabaphuhlisi kunye nezinye iingcali. Kunyaka ophelileyo, iofisi yethu yaseMoscow yabamba intlanganiso yabathathi-nxaxheba beOlympiad abazinikele kwizakhono ezithambileyo. Intloko yeofisi yophuhliso lweYandex eNovosibirsk, uSergei Brazhnik, wathetha ngabo, ethetha kwiseshoni yoqeqesho efakwe kwiprogram ethi "NdiyiNgcali". Namhlanje uSergey kunye nabanye abaphathi ababini eYandex - u-Anna Fedosova no-Oleg Mokhov - baya kumxelela uHabr malunga nezakhono ezithambileyo: yintoni na, zeziphi ezifunwa ngumphuhlisi, apho zifumaneka khona, kunye nendlela ubukho babo obuchaphazela ngayo ukukhula kwinkampani.
USergey Brazhnik, intloko yeofisi yophuhliso eNovosibirsk, umlawuli wophuhliso lweeprojekthi zemfundo zengingqi.
- Kumphuhlisi, "i-4Ks" ibalulekile: ukucinga okubalulekileyo, ukudala, intsebenziswano kunye nonxibelelwano. Kuyavunywa ngokubanzi ukuba unxibelelwano kulo msebenzi alukho isakhono esibalulekileyo, kodwa ukuba ucinga ngako, kuyimfuneko ekukhuleni kobuchwephesha: kufuneka ukwazi ukubuza imibuzo, uphulaphule kwaye uve umthetheleli wakho, uchaze imbono yakho kunye nokuqonda. yamkele eyomnye umntu, thethani nithethathethane. Umfundi oqeqeshwayo usenokungakwazi ukusebenza kwiqela okanye acinge nzulu - kwaye oku kuqhelekile, kuba akakabi nayo imvelaphi enjalo.
Ukuba ingcali esele ikhulile iza kuthi kudliwano-ndlebe, ngoko sivavanya zonke ezi zakhono ngexesha lencoko. Sijonga indlela umntu athetha ngayo ngaye. Endleleni, sibuza imibuzo ekhokelayo kwaye sicacise kakhulu. Sivavanya ukucinga okunzulu sisebenzisa iingxaki. Kwelinye icala, kubalulekile kuthi ukuba azisombulule, kwelinye icala, sijonge indlela kanye azisombulula ngayo.Kumphuhlisi osele esebenzela inkampani, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokujonga ukuba zeziphi izakhono azilahlekileyo. Eyokuqala kukucela ingxelo kumphathi wakho. Ukuba abakuxelela nto, oko akuthethi ukuba yonke into ilungile. Ukuba uyathandabuza, buza kwakhona. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yangoku kunye neenjongo zoshishino, abaphathi banokulibala malunga nolwalathiso lwesofthiwe - kubalulekile ukubakhumbuza ngayo. Indlela yesibini kukuzama ukuzivavanya ngokumalunga nabanye oogxa bakho kwiqela, umzekelo, ngexesha leengcamango, xa wonke umntu ekhupha izimvo aze axoxe kwaye azigxeke.
Masithi uyaziqonda ukuba zeziphi izakhono oziphosayo. Eli linyathelo lokuqala nelona libalulekileyo - ukuqonda ukuba ewe, eneneni, kukho into engalunganga ngam apha. Okulandelayo, ngokufanelekileyo fumana umcebisi - ubuncinci umhlobo ophuhlise ezi zakhono. Ungabukela nje umhlobo. Kwaye ukuba ufumana umcebisi, uya kukwazi ukunika iingcebiso kunye nokubeka iliso ekukhuleni kwakho. Umcebisi unokuba ngugxa wakho (kucacile ngoko nangoko ukuba kutheni efuna ukujongwa - usebenza kwinjongo enye) okanye ngamanye amaxesha ingcali yangaphandle (kodwa oku kudla ngokuba ngumntu omaziyo, ngaphandle koko inkuthazo yakhe ayicacanga). Iincwadi, iintetho, uqeqesho nazo zilukhetho, kodwa ngale ndlela uya kufumana ulwazi kuphela. Ukuze ulwazi lube nobuchule, kufuneka uqheliselo oluthe rhoqo.
Izakhono zonxibelelwano ziphuculwe kakhulu ngexesha lokuma - iintlanganiso zokucwangcisa ezimfutshane zemihla ngemihla, apho ilungu ngalinye leqela lixelela oko lisebenza ngoku. Nakuphi na ukuthetha esidlangalaleni kuyanceda. Kwaye uzame ukunxibelelana ngakumbi nabalingane kwaye wabelane ngamava ngaphakathi kweqela.
Ukuba ufuna ukukhetha inkokeli yeqela phakathi komphathi weprojekthi yezobugcisa kunye nomphuhlisi, akukho mpendulo ecacileyo yeyiphi enye engcono. KwiYandex, kwaneprojekthi, njengomthetho, inokubhala ikhowudi. Ngoko ke, ndiza kuqala ndithelekise umphathi kunye nomphuhlisi ngokweeparamitha ezininzi: indlela abayazi ngayo indlela yokuseta imisebenzi kunye nokulawula ukuphunyezwa, indlela abaqhuba ngayo iqela, kwaye ngokubanzi luhlobo luni lobudlelwane abanalo neqela. Kwenzeka ukuba umntu ubeka imisebenzi kakuhle kwaye abeke iliso ixesha elibekiweyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye uhamba kakubi kunye neqela. Konke kukwaxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani owenza isigqibo. Umntu obengumphuhlisi ngokwakhe kunokuba abe ngumphathi kunokwenzeka ukuba akhethe omnye umphuhlisi njengomphathi.
Ngezakhono nje ezinzima unokuba ngumkhokeli weqela - kuye kwakho iimeko. Kodwa abaphathi abanyusela umntu onjalo kubunkokeli beqela kufuneka babethelwe esihlahleni. Kuba yena, efunda njengoko ehamba, uya kumosha kakhulu kangangokuba iqela liya kuthotywa. Emva koko konke kuxhomekeke kwindlela abanamandla ngayo abafana. Okanye baya kulinda de umntu akhule aze aqonde okwenzekayo. Okanye abayi kulinda kwaye baqalise ukubaleka.
Ukuba usenza umphuhlisi oqinileyo njengomphathi, okokuqala kufuneka umlungiselele kakuhle kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uyamcebisa kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu zokuqala.
Anna Fedosova, intloko yesebe loqeqesho nophuhliso
β Kunzima ukuqulunqa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezakhono. Ke, imodeli yobuchule beLominger 67 izikhundla. Ngaphakathi kweYandex, sahlula izakhono zibe zezomntu wonke kunye nezo zifunwa ngabaphathi.
Izakhono zeHlabathi ezinxulumene nokusebenza komntu kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye. Ukusebenza komntu siqu kunxulunyaniswa, umzekelo, ukukwazi ukuzilawula, ixesha lomntu, iinkqubo zomsebenzi, ukuqhelaniswa neziphumo, ukucinga okunzulu, kunye nokukwazi ukufunda. Into eyahlula uqoqosho lwangoku kuqoqosho lweminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo kukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba wenze into efanayo ubomi bakho bonke. Ngokunokwenzeka, into iya kutshintsha, kwaye kufuneka uyilungiselele.
Elinye iqela lezakhono zendalo yonke linxulumene nokunxibelelana nabanye abantu. Asisaphili kwimihla yokuvelisa umgca wendibano. Nantoni na oyenzayo, kuya kufuneka uthethe kwaye uxoxe ngayo nabanye abantu. Inkqubo yonxibelelwano kule meko ibaluleke kakhulu. Kwiinkampani ze-IT, apho i-horizon yokucwangcisa ifutshane kakhulu ngenxa yokuphuhliswa rhoqo kwetheknoloji, kunye neengcali zobugcisa kufuneka zenze izigqibo ezininzi ezihlangeneyo ezizalwe kwinkqubo yengxoxo. Kwaye abasebenzi abanakuvumela uthethathethwano ukuba lufikelele esiphelweni, kungenjalo umsebenzi uya kuma nje.
Umaleko omkhulu owahlukileyo izakhono kubaphathi. Oku kubandakanya ukukwazi ukuseta kunye nokuvavanya imisebenzi, ukukhuthaza abanye kwaye uziphuhlise, ube yinkokeli, wakhe iqela lakho kunye nokusebenzisana namanye amaqela.
KwiYandex, iinkqubo zoqeqesho lwezakhono ezithambileyo zenzelwe ukuba abasebenzi basebenze kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Ezi inokuba ziimeko abangakhange bahlangane nazo ngaphambili, okanye iimeko ezithile kumava abo abangathanda ukufumana iziphumo ezingcono kuzo. Kuninzi okunokulungiswa, ukususela ekuqeshweni kwabantu abatsha kunye nokubeka iinjongo, ukungqubuzana komdla kunye nemiba ekhuthazayo. Njengomthetho, iimeko zokungaqondani phakathi komqeshwa kunye nomphathi zinzima kumaqela omabini, kodwa unokufunda ukujamelana nazo.
Kunokusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa. Ngoko ke, kunzima kakhulu ukufunda ukusebenzisana. Esikolweni sifundiswa ukusebenza ngabanye, amabakala anikezelwa kwimpumelelo yomfundi ngamnye. Kodwa kwiqela apho abantu bafunda ukuthatha uxanduva, ukusabalalisa iindima phakathi kwabo, kwaye bavumelane ngeenjongo ezifanayo kunye neziphumo. Kwaye kudla ngokuvela ukuba kufuneka ufunde oku njengomntu omdala emsebenzini. Ngoku ezinye izikolo ziqhuba izifundo ezisekelwe kwiiprojekthi neeasayinimenti ezidibeneyo. Oku kufanele kuncede ukufunda ukusebenzisana kweqela kwasebuntwaneni.
Indlela yokufundisa abantu abadala ukuba bafunde kwaye bafumane ulwazi ngokuzimeleyo? Ngamanye amaxesha amava kwimfundo ephakamileyo ayanceda. Izifundo ze-Master's kunye ne-postgraduate zifundisa abafundi ukuba baqonde into ebalulekileyo kunye neyona nto ingabalulekanga, kunye nendawo yokujonga ulwazi olufanelekileyo. Kodwa kaninzi kufuneka ukwazi oku sele ukwinkqubo yomsebenzi. Akumangalisi ukuba enye yezifundo ezidumileyo kwi-Coursera ibizwa .
Akukho nto iluncedo ngakumbi ekufundeni kunokuzazi ngcono: uzijonge ungaphandle ngoncedo lwempendulo efunyenwe koogxa bakho, uphinde ucinge ngento esebenza kakuhle nengasebenziyo, ukufumana abantu ofuna ukufana nabo, uze uzithelekise nabo.
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba inkuthazo ingundoqo kuyo yonke into. Ukuba uyaqonda ukuba u-unsociable, kodwa kufuneka utshintshe oku, umzekelo, oku kubalulekile kwiqela, ngoko zombini ukukhuthaza kunye nesidingo sokutshintsha kuya kubonakala. Ukuba awudingi kunxibelelana nabani na ngomsebenzi, kutheni unyathela phezu kwakho?
U-Oleg Mokhov, intloko yophuhliso lweeprojekthi ze-HR kunye nenkonzo ye-Yandex.Contest, ebamba inxalenye ye-intanethi ye-Olympiad
-Abaphuhlisi abangenawo amabhongo eenkokeli zeqela abafuni ngenene izakhono ezithambileyo. Kubalulekile ukukwazi ukubuza imibuzo, ukumamela, kunye nokudlulisela iingcamango zakho. Ukuphucula ezi zakhono, unokunika ingxelo kwinkomfa okanye ufunde iintetho eyunivesithi. Sonke safunda ngaxa lithile, nto leyo ethetha ukuba sinako ukufundisa umntu ngokwethu. Abafundi bayageza kwaye babuze eyona mibuzo ifihlakeleyo. Ukukwazi ukubaphendula ngokukhawuleza kwaye uxhome ulwimi lwakho kukunceda uhlale uzolile kwiingxoxo ezishushu.
Iincwadi azincedi ngezakhono ezithambileyo. Uqeqesho lunceda kuphela ukuba uya rhoqo kulo. Kodwa kuluncedo kakhulu ukuza kwinkomfa kwaye uthathe indawo esebenzayo. Buza nje imibuzo kwisithethi.
Ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe, ngamanye amaxesha ndiye ndibuze nempendulo echanekileyo yomviwa-ndijonga indlela acinga ngayo. Kodwa oku kusebenza kuphela xa umntu ezithembile ngokwakhe. Ngokubanzi, kungcono ukuhlalutya izakhono ezithambileyo ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe lokugqibela. Umzekelo, ndikucela ukuba usixelele ngowona msebenzi unomdla owenziwe ngumviwa. Ngale ndlela unokufumanisa ukuba yintoni enomdla ngakumbi emntwini - ukufaka iikhowudi, ukuphanda, ukufumana iziphumo okanye ukunxibelelana.
Abantu abaninzi abaye baphuhlisa izakhono ezithambileyo baba ngabaphathi abakwinqanaba eliphezulu abamini yonke ineentlanganiso. Indlela yokugcina izakhono zakho zokubhala iikhowudi? Uzixelela ukuba: Ndicwangcise iiyure ezimbini. Ucima zonke izaziso, ifowuni yakho, kuphela kwendlela. Ndiyazazi iinkokeli ezikwenzayo oku. Ewe, udliwano-ndlebe kunye namacandelo obugcisa nawo anceda ukuphuhlisa ingqondo. Kwi-Yandex, uyeka nje ukuba ngumntwana, kwaye sele umenyiwe kudliwano-ndlebe. Kufana nerhafu kwinto yokuba usebenzela inkampani enkulu.
Ukuba ufuna ukukhetha inkokeli yeqela phakathi komphathi kunye nomphuhlisi, ngoko konke kuxhomekeke kwiimbopheleleko zexesha elizayo zenkokeli. Yinto enye ukuba umphathi wayekhe waba ngumphuhlisi ngokwakhe. Emva koko unamathuba amaninzi. Kuyahluka ukuba yiprojekthi yenqwelo yesikhululo. Usebenzisana ne-backend kunye namaqela angaphambili, abaqulunqi, kunye nabahlalutyi. Kodwa akazi ukuba ilayibrari ethile isebenza njani kwi-frontend, akaqhelananga neprogram ye-asynchronous kwi-backend, kwaye akayiqondi ukuba kutheni kunzima. Ukukhula konjiniyela kumalunga nokuntywila nzulu. Kwaye ingundoqo yolawulo kukuqokelela i-surface layer, ukuqonda ingxaki kunye nokuseta ukudibanisa kunye neenkqubo. Ke ngoko, ndiyakholelwa ukuba umphathi kunokwenzeka ukuba akanakukwazi ukuphucula izakhono zophuhliso lwabantu.
Iqela lingaphuhlisa ubutshaba kumntu wangaphandle. Ngoko ke ndingakhetha inkokeli phakathi kwabaphuhlisi ngokwabo, kwaye mhlawumbi andiyi kukhetha abomeleleyo kubo. Masithi umntu usebenze iminyaka emihlanu, ngoku ungumphuhlisi ophezulu, kodwa kule minyaka emihlanu kuphela i-hardware enzima yanda, kwaye isofthiwe ayizange ikhule. Emva koko andinakulindela ukuba banyuke ngokukhawuleza ukuba ndimnike isikhundla. Kodwa xa umphuhlisi esebenza unyaka, kodwa ndiyabona ukuba unolwimi oluhle, unxibelelana, unokudibanisa abantu abaninzi, asombulule iingxabano phakathi kwabo - eli liqela elikhokelayo kum, nokuba akayena umphuhlisi ophezulu. .
Andikholelwa kwibali apho umntu abe yinkokeli esekelwe kwizakhono ezinzima yedwa. Iqela elikhokelayo ngaphandle kwesoftware kusenokwenzeka ukuba aliwufezi umsebenzi walo kwenye indawo. Inokusebenza nini le nto? Xa abaphantsi bezimele. Ndinebinzana labaphathi abatsha: iikati kulula ukuzilawula. Iqela elikhokelayo liyakhathazeka xa linamatyala anzima - omnye umsebenzi ufuna ukuyeka, omnye udandathekile kwaye uqala ukwenza kancinci, owesithathu unongquzulwano. Kule nto ndithi kwinkokeli yeqela labo - vuyani, eli lixesha lokuqala kufuneka usebenze njengenkokeli. Ngenxa yokuba iikati - zenza i-meow, zinobubele, zivuya - zilula kakhulu ukulawula.
umthombo: www.habr.com