Ngomhla we-3 ka-Agasti eMoscow, phakathi kwe-12: 00 kunye ne-14: 30, inethiwekhi ye-Rostelecom AS12389 yafumana i-subsidence encinci kodwa ebonakalayo. NetBlocks okwenzekileyo yayikukuqala "ukuvalwa kombuso" kwimbali yaseMoscow. Eli gama libhekisa kukuvalwa okanye uthintelo lokufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngabasemagunyeni.
Okwenzeka eMoscow okokuqala kuye kwaba yinto yehlabathi iminyaka eliqela ngoku. Kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, bekukho i-377 ekujoliswe kuyo yokuvalwa kwe-intanethi ngabasemagunyeni kwihlabathi liphela, ngokutsho .
Amazwe asanda kusebenzisa izithintelo ekufikeleleni kwi-Intanethi, zombini njengesixhobo sovavanyo kunye nesixhobo sokulwa imisebenzi engekho mthethweni.
Kodwa umbuzo ngulo, sisebenza kangakanani esi sixhobo? Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kukhokelela kweziphi iziphumo? Kutshanje, kuye kwavela izifundo ezininzi ezikhanyisela lo mba.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuvala i-Intanethi, ezisetyenziswa rhoqo:
Eyokuqala kukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi yonke, ngolu hlobo .
Okwesibini kukuthintela ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezithile (umzekelo, iinethiwekhi zentlalo) okanye izithunywa ezikhawulezayo,” njengoko oku .
Isiqendu sokuqala esikhulu sokucima i-intanethi senzeka ngo-2011, xa urhulumente wase-Egypt wavala i-intanethi kunye nothungelwano lweselula kangangeentsuku ezintlanu ngexesha "».
Kodwa kwakungowama-2016 apho abanye oorhulumente base-Afrika baqala ukusebenzisa ngokusebenzayo ukuvalwa rhoqo. Ulingo lokuqala lokucima umbane lwadlalwa yiRiphabhlikhi yaseCongo, eyavala lonke unxibelelwano kangangeveki ngexesha lonyulo lukamongameli.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukuvalwa kokuvalwa akusoloko kunyanzelwa ngezopolitiko. ngexesha leemviwo zesikolo ukuthintela ukuvuza kwemibuzo yeemviwo. EBrazil I-WhatsApp ngo-2015 kunye no-2016 emva kokuba u-Facebook Inc (ongumnini ka-WhatsApp) wasilela ukuthobela izicelo zenkundla zedatha njengenxalenye yophando lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Ukongeza, kuyinyani ukuba intetho yentiyo kunye neendaba ezingeyonyani zinokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo kunye neeapps zemiyalezo. Enye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa ngabasemagunyeni ukuthintela ukwanda kolwazi olunjalo kukuthintela ukufikelela kuthungelwano.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, umzekelo, ukuhamba Ibangelwe ngamarhe asasazwa kuWhatsApp, nto leyo ebangele ukubulawa kwabantu abangamashumi amane anesithandathu.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiqela lamalungelo edijithali bakholelwa ukuba ukusasazwa kwenkcazelo yobuxoki kudla ngokusebenza kuphela njengesigqubuthelo sokuvalwa kokwexeshana. Umzekelo, Ukuvalwa kwe-Intanethi eSyria kubonise ukuba bakholisa ukuhambelana namanqanaba aphezulu obundlobongela yimikhosi karhulumente.
Izizathu ezisemthethweni ze-VS zokwenyani zokuvalwa kwe-Intanethi ngo-2018 ngokwedatha .
Ijografi yokucima
Ngonyaka we-2018 irekhode ukucinywa kwe-Intanethi kwe-196 kwihlabathi jikelele. Njengakwiminyaka edlulileyo, uninzi lokucinywa bekuseIndiya, i-67% yazo zonke iingxelo zehlabathi.
I-33% eseleyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo: Algeria, Bangladesh, Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Mali, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines kunye neRashiya.
Impembelelo yokucima
yapapashwa ngoFebruwari 2019, umbhali wayo uJan Rydzak ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford uphanda ukuvalwa kwe-Intanethi kunye neziphumo zakho malunga neminyaka emi-5.
UJan Rydzak wafunda iIndiya, eyayinokuvalwa kwe-intanethi ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na enye indawo emhlabeni. Izizathu ezininzi zazo azizange zichazwe, kodwa ezo zamkelwa ngokusemthethweni zazidla ngokuchazwa yimfuneko yokucinezela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezenzo zobundlobongela.
Lilonke, uRydzak uhlalutye uqhanqalazo lwe-22 eIndiya phakathi kwe-891 kunye ne-2016. Uphando lwakhe lubonisa ukuba zombini i-intanethi kunye nezithintelo zemidiya yoluntu azibonakali zinciphisa izinga lokunyuka.
Kwiimeko apho uqhanqalazo lubandakanya ubundlobongela, wafumanisa ukuba ukuvalwa kwe-intanethi kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokunyuka. Usuku ngalunye olulandelayo emva kokuvalwa kwe-Intanethi kubangele ubundlobongela obuninzi kunokuba uqhanqalazo lwenzeka ngokungena rhoqo kwi-Intanethi.
Ngeli xesha, ngexesha lokuvalwa kwe-intanethi, uqhanqalazo olunoxolo, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba luxhomekeke ngakumbi kulungelelwaniso olunononophelo kuzo zonke iitshaneli zedijithali, aluzange lubonise ifuthe elibalulekileyo lokuvalwa kwezibalo.
Ukongezelela, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba kwezinye iimeko, ukuvalwa kwenethiwekhi kwakhokelela ekutshintsheni amaqhinga angenabugwenxa kunye nobudlova, okubonakala kuxhomekeke kancinci kunxibelelwano olusebenzayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa.
Ixabiso lokucima
Ngelixa ukuvala ukufikelela kwi-intanethi kuya kuba yinto ethandwa kakhulu koorhulumente abaninzi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ayilohambo lwasimahla.
kumazwe angama-19 ukusuka ngoJulayi 2015 ukuya kuJuni 2016, iDarrell West yeBrookings Institution yafumanisa ukuba ilahleko ye-GDP iyonke yaqikelelwa kwi-2,4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
Uluhlu lwamazwe anelahleko enkulu ukusuka kukuvalwa kwe-Intanethi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iDarrell West ithathele ingqalelo kuphela ifuthe loqoqosho lokucinywa . Ayizange iqikelele iindleko zengeniso yerhafu elahlekileyo, impembelelo kwimveliso okanye ilahleko yokuzithemba komtyali-mali ukusuka kukuvalwa.
Ngoko ke, i-2,4 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi luqikelelo olulondolozayo olunokuthi luwujongele phantsi owona monakalo wezoqoqosho.
isiphelo
Ngokuqinisekileyo lo mbandela ufuna ufundisiso olungakumbi. Umzekelo, impendulo yombuzo wokuba ubungakanani bokufunda kokuvalwa kwelizwe eIndiya kunokuqikelelwa kuwo nawaphi na amanye amazwe, ukutsho nje kancinci, akucacanga.
Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kubonakala ngathi ukuvalwa kwe-intanethi, okona kulungileyo, sisixhobo esisebenza kakubi esineendleko eziphezulu zokusetyenziswa. Ukusetyenziswa okunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi.
Kwaye mhlawumbi ezinye iingozi, umzekelo, izithintelo zemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe okanye iinkundla, ukuwohloka kwemeko yotyalo-mali. Ubunokwenzeka bokwenzeka kwazo awukaphononongwa.
Kwaye ukuba kunjalo, kutheni?
umthombo: www.habr.com