Iphupha lomntu wonke kukuhlala emncinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Asifuni kuguga kwaye sigule, soyika yonke into - umhlaza, isifo se-Alzheimer, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, isifo sohlangothi ... Lixesha lokuqonda apho umhlaza uvela khona, ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kokusilela kwentliziyo kunye ne-Alzheimer's. isifo, ubudlolo nokungeva. Kutheni izongezo ze-antioxidant ngamanye amaxesha zenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokulunga? Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu: ngaba singaphila ixesha elide kwaye ngaphandle kwezifo, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, njani?
Umzimba wethu uqulethe "izikhululo zamandla" ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-mitochondria. Ngabo abajongene nempilo yethu kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Xa zisebenza kakuhle, asiswele amandla. Kwaye xa kubi, siphathwa zizifo. UDkt Lee Know utyhila imfihlelo: izifo ezibonakala zingahambelani ekuqaleni: isifo sikashukela, umhlaza, i-schizophrenia, ukukhathala okungapheliyo, isifo sika-Parkinson kunye nabanye - banesimo esifanayo.
Namhlanje siyazi indlela yokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-mitochondria, enika umzimba nge-90% yamandla. Le ncwadi iya kukubonelela ngolwazi lwangoku malunga nesondlo, indlela yokuphila, ukutya kwe-ketogenic, kunye nezongezelelo eziza kubuyisela i-mitochondria enempilo, kwaye ke thina.
Isicatshulwa. Mitochondrial syndrome
Ndineentloni ukukuvuma oku, kodwa bendingumbukeli womboniso wenyani "IBachelor." Ndachukumiseka kakhulu kwisiqendu sesithathu se-Season 17 (ngoJanuwari 2013), apho iSin (i-Bachelor) kunye no-Ashley (i-Contender) baya kuhlangana namantombazana amabini aphethwe sisifo se-mitochondrial. Kwabaninzi benu, ukuba ubukele isiqendu, le yayiyintshayelelo yakho yokuqala kwi-mitochondrial syndrome (i-mitochondrial syndrome yinkimbinkimbi yezifo ezinxulumene nomonakalo wokuzalwa kwi-mitochondria). Nangona kunjalo, eli qela lezifo liya liphononongwa ngokwandayo njengoko uvavanyo lwemfuza kunye nolandelelwano lwetekhnoloji yemfuza luba lula, lungabizi kwaye lufikeleleke ngakumbi.
Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwe-80, xa i-genome ye-mitochondrial yabantu ilandelelana ngokupheleleyo, iingxelo zezifo ze-mitochondrial zazinqabile. Imeko itshintshile ngokukwazi ukucacisa i-mtDNA yezigulane ezininzi. Oku kukhokelele ekunyukeni ngokukhawuleza kwenani lezigulana ezixeliweyo ezithwaxwa zizifo zemitochondrial. Inani labo libandakanya malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu (okanye isibini nesiqingatha) amawaka abantu. Apha asibathatheli ngqalelo abantu abaneendlela ezincinci zezifo ze-mitochondrial. Ukongezelela, uluhlu lweempawu ze-mitochondrial syndrome lukhule ngokukhawuleza, olubonisa ubunjani besiphithiphithi sezi zifo.
Izifo zeMitochondrial ziphawulwa ngemifanekiso yemfuzo entsonkothileyo kakhulu kunye nemifanekiso yeklinikhi, emele umxube woluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lweendidi zokuxilonga ezikhoyo. Iipateni zamafa ngamanye amaxesha ziyathobela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha aziyithobeli imithetho kaMendel. UMendel uchaze iipateni zelifa leempawu ngokusebenzisa iijene zeDNA zenyukliya eziqhelekileyo. Amathuba okuvela kweempawu zofuzo okanye isifo esifumaneka kwimfuzo kubalwa ngokulula ngokwesiseko soqikelelo lobungakanani beziphumo zokwahlulwa kwenzala ibe ziimpawu ezisemgangathweni ezahlukeneyo ngokufumana ilifa elingacwangciswanga kwenye yeekopi ezimbini zemfuza enye abazali (ngenxa yoko, inzala nganye ifumana iikopi ezimbini zemfuza nganye). Kwiimeko apho i-mitochondrial syndrome ibangelwa sisiphene kuhlobo lwenyukliya, iipatheni ezihambelanayo zelifa zilandela imithetho ye-Mendelian. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindidi ezimbini ze-genomes ezenza ukuba i-mitochondria isebenze: i-mitochondrial DNA (edluliselwa kuphela kumgca womama) kunye ne-nuclear DNA (ezuzwe kubazali bobabini). Ngenxa yoko, iipateni zelifa ziyahluka ukusuka kwi-autosomal dominant ukuya kwi-autosomal recessive, kunye nokudluliselwa komama kwezinto zofuzo.
Le meko inzima ngakumbi kukuba intsebenziswano enzima eyenzekayo phakathi kwe-mtDNA kunye ne-nDNA kwiseli. Ngenxa yoko, ukuguqulwa kwe-mtDNA efanayo kunokubangela iimpawu ezihluke kakhulu kubantakwabo abahlala kwintsapho enye (banokuba ne-DNA yenyukliya eyahlukileyo kodwa babe ne-mtDNA efanayo), ngelixa ukuguquka kungabangela iimpawu ezifanayo. Kwanamawele anokuxilongwa okufanayo anokuba nemifanekiso ehlukeneyo yekliniki yesifo (iimpawu ezithile zixhomekeke ekubeni zeziphi izicubu ezichaphazelekayo yinkqubo ye-pathogenic), ngelixa abantu abanokuguqulwa kwenguqu banokuthi bahlupheke kwiimpawu ezifanayo ezihambelana nomfanekiso wesifo esifanayo.
Yiba nokuba kunjalo, kukho inani elikhulu le-mtDNA eguquguqukayo kwiqanda likamama, kwaye le nyaniso iphazamisa zonke iingqikelelo malunga neziphumo zelifa lemfuza. Ubume beli qela lezifo buyisiphithiphithi kangangokuba iimpawu ezihambelana nezi zifo zinokwahluka ukusuka kwishumi leminyaka ukuya kwishumi leminyaka kwaye ziyahluka phakathi kwabantwana bakowenu abaneenguqu ezifanayo zemitochondrial DNA. Ngaphezu koko, ngamanye amaxesha i-mitochondrial syndrome inokunyamalala, nangona kunjalo (okanye bekufanele) izuze ilifa. Kodwa iimeko ezinjalo ezonwabileyo zinqabile, kwaye izifo zemitochondrial zihlala ziqhubela phambili. Kwitafile Itheyibhile 2.2 kunye ne-2.3 zibonisa izifo kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial, kunye nezinto ezibangela ufuzo emva kwezi zifo. Okwangoku, isayensi yazi ngaphezu kwe-200 iintlobo zokuguqulwa kwe-mitochondrial. Uphando lucebisa ukuba izifo ezininzi eziwohlokayo zibangelwa zezi ntlobo zotshintsho (oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sihlele kwakhona inani elikhulu lezifo njengezifo ze-mitochondrial).
Njengoko sisazi, olu tshintsho lunokubangela ukuba i-mitochondria iyeke ukuvelisa amandla, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba iiseli zivale okanye zife. Zonke iiseli (ngaphandle kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi) ziqulethe i-mitochondria, kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, i-mitochondrial syndrome ichaphazela i-multicomponent kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba (ngaxeshanye okanye ngokulandelelana).
Uluhlu 2.2. Iimpawu, iimpawu kunye nezifo ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kwe-mitochondrial
Uluhlu 2.3. Izifo zokuzalwa ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial
Ewe, amanye amalungu okanye izicubu zifuna amandla ngakumbi kunabanye. Xa iimfuno zamandla zelungu elithile azikwazi ukwaneliseka ngokupheleleyo, iimpawu ze-mitochondrial syndrome ziqala ukubonakala. Okokuqala, zichaphazela imisebenzi yengqondo, inkqubo ye-nervous, izihlunu, intliziyo, izintso kunye nenkqubo ye-endocrine, oko kukuthi, onke amalungu afuna isixa esikhulu samandla ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo.
Izifo ezifunyenweyo ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial
Njengoko ukuqonda kwethu umsebenzi we-mitochondrial kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kukhula, siqala ukudala uluhlu olude lwezifo ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kwe-mitochondrial kunye nokucacisa iindlela ezi zifo zivela ngazo kwaye ziphuhliswe. Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba i-mitochondrial syndrome ichaphazela bonke abantu be-2500. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufunda ngononophelo olu luhlu lungezantsi, uya kuvuma ukuba ngeqondo eliphezulu lokunokwenzeka, izifo ze-mitochondrial (ezazalwa okanye ezifunyenweyo) ziya kubhalwa ngokukhawuleza kwi-XNUMX okanye kwishumi ngalinye labemi bamazwe aseNtshona.
- Uhlobo II seswekile
- Umhlaza
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- I-bipolar affective disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Ukuguga kunye nokuncipha
- Ingxaki yokuxhalaba
- I-steatohepatitis engeyiyo utywala
- Isifo sentliziyo
- I-Sarcopenia (ukulahlekelwa ubunzima bemisipha kunye namandla)
- Ziqhelise ukunganyamezeli
- Ukukhathala, kubandakanywa nesifo esingapheliyo sokukhathala, i-fibromyalgia kunye nentlungu ye-myofascial
Kwinqanaba lofuzo, iinkqubo ezinzima kakhulu zidibene nayo yonke le nto. Amandla anamandla omntu othile anokumiselwa ngokuhlola ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa kwe-DNA yakhe ye-mitochondrial. Kodwa esi sisiqalo nje. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iziphene ze-mtDNA ezifunyenweyo ziqokelelana emzimbeni, kwaye emva kokuba elinye okanye elinye ilungu liwele umda othile, liqala ukusebenza okanye libe sesichengeni sokuwohloka (ilungu ngalinye linomda walo womonde, esiya kuthetha ngawo ngakumbi. ).
Enye ingxaki kukuba i-mitochondrion nganye iqulethe iikopi ezilishumi ze-mtDNA, kwaye iseli nganye, izicubu zonke, kunye nelungu ngalinye linemitochondria emininzi. Oku kulandela ukuba kukho iziphene ezingenakubalwa kwiikopi ze-mtDNA emzimbeni wethu. Ukungasebenzi kwelungu elithile liqala xa ipesenti ye-mitochondria eneziphene ehlala kuyo idlula ixabiso elithile. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-threshold effect36. Ilungu ngalinye kunye nezicubu zixhomekeke kwiinguqu ezithile kwaye zibonakaliswe ngumda wayo wokuguqula, iimfuno zamandla kunye nokuchasana ne-radicals yamahhala. Ukudityaniswa kwezi zinto kugqiba ukuba yintoni kanye kanye indlela inkqubo yokuphila esabela ngayo kukuphazamiseka kwemfuza.
Ukuba kuphela i-10% ye-mitochondria enesiphene, i-90% yeejenereyitha zamandla eeselula eziseleyo zinokuhlawulela ukungasebenzi "koogxa babo." Okanye, umzekelo, ukuba utshintsho alubi kakhulu kodwa luchaphazela inani elikhulu le-mitochondria, iseli isenokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.
Kukwakho nombono wokwahlulwa kwe-mitochondria enesiphene: xa iseli isahlula, i-mitochondria yayo isasazwa ngokungenamkhethe phakathi kweeseli ezimbini zeentombi. Enye yale seli inokufumana yonke i-mitochondria eguqukileyo, ngelixa enye inokufumana zonke "izityalo zamandla" ezipheleleyo (ngokuqinisekileyo, ukhetho oluphakathi lunokwenzeka). Iiseli ezinemitochondria engasebenziyo ziya kufa nge-apoptosis, ngelixa iiseli ezisempilweni ziya kuqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi wazo (ingcaciso enye yokunyamalala ngequbuliso nangokungalindelekanga kwe-mitochondrial syndrome). Isiganeko sokungafani kwe-DNA yokulandelelana kwe-mitochondria (okanye i-plastids) kwi-organism efanayo, kaninzi nakwiseli enye, xa i-mitochondria ethile, umzekelo, ingaba ne-pathological mutation, ngelixa abanye bengenayo, kuthiwa yi-heteroplasmy. Iqondo le-heteroplasmy liyahluka naphakathi kwamalungu osapho olunye. Ngaphezu koko, inqanaba le-heteroplasmy liyakwazi ukuhluka nakwi-organism efanayo ngokuxhomekeke kwilungu elithile okanye iseli, ekhokelela kuluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lokubonakaliswa kunye neempawu zesifo esithile se-mitochondrial.
Emzimbeni we-embryo ekhulayo, njengoko iiseli zihlula, i-mitochondria kunye neenguqu zigcwalisa izitho kunye nezicubu ezihluke omnye komnye ngokweemfuno zabo zamandla. Kwaye ukuba i-mitochondria eguqulweyo ihlala kwiiseli ngamanani amakhulu, ezithi ekugqibeleni zijike zibe zizakhiwo ezisebenzayo (umzekelo, ingqondo okanye intliziyo), into ehambelana nayo emva koko ineengxaki ngomgangatho wobomi (ukuba iyasebenza kwaphela). Kwelinye icala, ukuba ubunzima bemitochondria engasebenziyo buqokelelana ikakhulu kwiiseli ezinesantya esisezantsi semetabolism (ukuthi, kwiiseli zolusu ezihlala zithatha indawo enye), ngoko ke umthwali wale mitochondria akanakuze azi malunga nemfuzo yabo kwi-mitochondrial syndrome. Kwisiqendu se-Bachelor esikhankanywe ngasentla, enye yamantombazana anesifo se-mitochondrial yayibonakala iyinto eqhelekileyo, ngelixa enye ngokucacileyo yayigula kakhulu.
Ezinye iinguqu ze-mitochondrial zikhula ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nobudala ngenxa yokuveliswa kwee-radicals zamahhala ngexesha le-metabolism eqhelekileyo. Okulandelayo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, ukuba iseli ezaliswe yi-mitochondria engasebenziyo iyahlukana ngesantya esiphezulu, njengoko zisenza iiseli ze-stem ezenza umsebenzi wokuhlaziya iithishu, ke iijenereyitha zamandla ezineziphene ziya kukwenza ngokukhutheleyo ukwanda kwazo. Ukuba iseli ebuthathaka ayisahluli (makhe sicinge ukuba sithetha nge-neuron), ngoko utshintsho luya kuhlala ngaphakathi kuphela kule seli, nangona kunjalo, ayibandakanyi ithuba lokuguqulwa okungahleliwe okuphumelelayo. Ngaloo ndlela, yinkimbinkimbi yesiseko sofuzo se-mitochondrial syndrome echaza ukuba ukuchithwa kwemithombo ye-bioenergetic yomzimba, ebangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-mitochondrial, kuzibonakalisa phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo kunye neempawu eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Kufuneka kwakhona sikhumbule ukuba zininzi iijini ezingaphandle kwe-mtDNA ezinoxanduva lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-mitochondria. Ukuba utshintsho luchaphazela ufuzo olufaka ikhowudi ye-RNA, iziphumo zidla ngokuba mbi kakhulu. Kwiimeko apho umntwana efumana into eguqulweyo ye-mitochondrial transcription factor ekukhawulweni kwakhe kuye nokuba nguwuphi na umzali (khumbula ukuba izinto ezikhutshelweyo ziiproteni ezilawula inkqubo ye-mRNA synthesis kwi-DNA matrix ngokubophelela kumacandelo athile e-DNA), emva koko yonke imitochondria ukuba sesichengeni kwiziphumo ze-pathogenic. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba utshintsho luhambelana kuphela nezinto ezithile ezikhutshelweyo ezenziwa kuphela kumalungu athile okanye izicubu okanye ekuphenduleni ukukhutshwa kwehomoni ethile, ngoko umphumo ohambelanayo we-pathogenic uya kuba kwindawo kuphela.
Uluhlu olubanzi lwezifo ze-mitochondrial kunye nokubonakaliswa kwazo yingxaki enzulu yoogqirha (zombini ithiyori kunye nokusebenza), kubandakanywa nokungenakwenzeka kwenyani yokuqikelela ukuphuhliswa kwe-mitochondrial syndrome. Zininzi izifo zemitochondrial kangangokuba kunzima ukuzibiza zonke, kwaye uninzi lwazo alukafunyanwa. Nokuba inani lezifo ezaziwayo-kakuhle (izifo zenkqubo ye-cardiovascular system, umhlaza, iintlobo ezithile ze-dementia, njl.) zibangelwa yinzululwazi yanamhlanje kwi-mitochondrial dysfunction.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba nangona kungekho unyango lwezifo ze-mitochondrial, abantu abaninzi abanezi meko (ingakumbi abo banesifo esincinci okanye esiphakathi) banokuphila ubomi obude, obunempilo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuneka sisebenze ngokucwangcisiweyo, sisebenzisa ulwazi oluye lwabonakala sinalo.
Malunga nombhali
Lee Yazi ngugqirha onelayisensi ye-naturopathic osuka eCanada, ophumelele iimbasa ezininzi. Oogxa bakhe bamazi njengosomashishini onombono, ingcali yobuchule kunye nogqirha. U-Lee uye wabamba izikhundla njengomcebisi wezonyango, ingcali yenzululwazi, kunye nomlawuli wophando kunye nophuhliso lwemibutho emikhulu. Ukongeza kumsebenzi wenzululwazi yenkampani yakhe, ukwangumcebisi kwiimveliso zempilo yendalo kunye nezongezelelo zokutya, kwaye ukhonza kwibhodi yabacebisi be-Alive magazine, imagazini yezempilo efundwa kakhulu eKhanada. Ubiza i-Greater Toronto Area ikhaya, apho ahlala khona nomfazi wakhe noonyana babo ababini, kwaye unomdla kakhulu ekukhuthazeni impilo yendalo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
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Kuba Khabrozhiteley 25% isaphulelo usebenzisa ikhuphoni - Mitochondria
Kwakuba kuhlawulwe ikopi yephepha lencwadi, incwadi ye-elektroniki iya kuthunyelwa nge-imeyile.
umthombo: www.habr.com