Ingcamango ye "cryptocurrency" ayibhalwanga ngokusemthethweni eRashiya. Umthetho oyilwayo othi "Kwi-Digital Assets" uphuhliswe iminyaka emibini ngoku, kodwa awukaqwalaselwa yi-State Duma ekufundeni okwesibini. Ukongeza, kushicilelo lwamva nje, igama elithi "cryptocurrency" liye lanyamalala kumbhalo webhili. I-Central Bank ithethe ngokuphindaphindiweyo malunga ne-cryptocurrencies, kwaye ubukhulu becala ezi nkcazo zihamba ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ngaloo ndlela, intloko yeBhanki Ephakathi kutshanje , echasene nemali yabucala kwifomu yedijithali, njengoko inokutshabalalisa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kunye nokuzinza kwemali ukuba iqala ukutshintsha imali karhulumente.
Nangona ukuthengiselana nge-cryptocurrency kungalawulwa yimimiselo ekhethekileyo, inkqubo ethile yokugweba sele iphuhlisiwe kwiimeko apho kuvela khona i-cryptocurrency. Ngokuqhelekileyo izicatshulwa zezigqibo zenkundla ezijongene ne-cryptocurrency zihambelana kule nxalenye kunye nenkuthazo yesigqibo malunga ne-cryptocurrency. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cryptocurrency ibonakala kumatyala enkundla kwiimeko ezininzi, esiza kujonga ngezantsi. Olu lutyalo-mali kwi-cryptocurrency kunye nokuthengwa kwayo, imigodi, ukuvala iziza ngolwazi malunga ne-cryptocurrency, kunye namatyala anxulumene nokuthengiswa kweziyobisi, apho iintlawulo kubathengi zenziwa kwi-cryptocurrency.
Ukuthenga i-cryptocurrency
Inkundla kwingingqi yaseRostov , ukuba akukho ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lwempahla ye-cryptocurrency, kwaye umnini wohlobo oluchaziweyo lwemali ebonakalayo "unomngcipheko wokulahlekelwa yimali etyalwe kwi-asethi, engekho phantsi kwembuyekezo." Kwimeko apho, ummangali wazama ukubuyisela inani lokutyebisa ngokungafanelekanga kwintombi yakhe, apho wadlulisela inani elithile kwi-bitcoins. Wenza imali ngokuthenga nokuthengisa i-cryptocurrency kwi-stock exchange kwaye wakhupha phantse i-600 lamawaka eeruble kwii-bitcoins ngekhadi lentombi yakhe. Xa engazange avume ukuyibuyisela loo mali, waya enkundleni, kodwa inkundla yalikhaba elo bango. Inkundla ibonise ukuba ubudlelwane malunga ne-cryptocurrencies eRashiya ayizange ilawulwe, i-Bitcoin ayiqatshelwanga njengemali ye-elektroniki kwaye ukukhutshwa kwayo akuvumelekanga ngokubanzi kwintsimi ye-Russian Federation. Ngenxa yoko, inkundla yathi "utshintshiselwano lwe-asethi yemali yedijithali (i-cryptocurrencies) ye-ruble ayilawulwa ngumthetho wangoku we-Russian Federation. Ngokufanelekileyo, uD.L. Skrynnik bubungqina obamkelekileyo kwiingxoxo zakhe kule nxalenye. akazange ayinike inkundla.”
I-Cryptocurrency ayinakuthengwa kuphela kwi-intanethi, kodwa nange-cryptomats. Aba ngoomatshini bokuthenga i-cryptocurrency. Ukusebenza kwe-cryptomats akulawulwa ngumthetho, kodwa ukususela kunyaka odlulileyo amagosa okuthotyelwa komthetho aqala ukubahlutha ngokwasemzimbeni. Ngaloo ndlela, ukubanjwa kwee-ATM ezingama-22 ze-crypto kwi-BBFpro kunyaka ophelileyo. Emva koko amagosa omthetho ayenza loo nto . Amagosa okuthotyelwa komthetho ngokwawo athi akwenza oku egameni loMtshutshisi Jikelele esekelwe kwileta evela kwiBhanki Ephakathi, ethatha indawo ebalulekileyo malunga ne-cryptocurrencies. Kusenziwa izigwebo kumnini we-crypto ATM. Ngokomzekelo, iNkundla yokuLawulwa koMmandla wase-Irkutsk ngoJuni 2019 yaqaphela izenzo zokuhlutha ii-ATM ze-BBFpro crypto njengezomthetho kwaye zakhatywa isibheno.
Ukutyala imali kwi-cryptocurrency
Ummangali utyale imali kwi-MMM Bitcoin ukufumana i-10% yenzuzo yenyanga. Waphulukana notyalo-mali lwakhe waza waya enkundleni. Noko ke, inkundla kuye imbuyekezo, echaza: “Umsebenzi wokurhweba cryptocurrency kuyingozi, akukho ukhuseleko ngokwasemthethweni olu hlobo lwe-asethi, imeko yayo esemthethweni ayichazwanga, kwaye umnini wolu hlobo lwemali ebonakalayo unomngcipheko wokulahlekelwa yimali etyalwe kuyo. i-asethi engahlawulelwayo.”
Kwelinye icala, ummangali ubhenele kumthetho othi "KuKhuseleko lwamaLungelo oMthengi" ukuze abuyisele imali etyalwe kwi-cryptocurrency. Inkundla ukuba utyalo-mali kwi-crypto exchange ayilawulwa ngumthetho "Ekukhuselweni kwamaLungelo oMthengi", kwaye ummangali akanalo ilungelo lokuzisa eli tyala enkundleni kwindawo yakhe yokuhlala. Umthetho weRussian Federation "Ekukhuselweni kwamaLungelo oMthengi" awusebenzi kwiintengiselwano kunye ne-cryptocurrencies, ekubeni injongo yokuthenga imveliso yedijithali kukwenza inzuzo. E-Rashiya, awukwazi ukuya enkundleni kunye nebango lokubuyisela imali yokuthengwa kwamathokheni xa uthatha inxaxheba kwi-ICO, uthembele kulo mthetho.
Ngokubanzi, iibhanki ziyakrokrela ukuthengiselana nge-cryptocurrencies. Banokuthintela ii-akhawunti ukuba iintengiselwano ezinjalo ziyenziwa. Yiloo nto eyenziwa ngu-Sberbank, kwaye inkundla yavumelana nayo. Isivumelwano somsebenzisi we-Sberbank sichaza ukuba sinokuvala ikhadi ukuba ibhanki ikrokrela ukuba i-transaction iqhutyelwa ngenjongo yokubhalisa ngokusemthethweni imali evela kulwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukuxhasa ubugrogrisi ngemali. Kule meko, ibhanki ayizange ivimbe ikhadi kuphela, kodwa nayo ngenxa yokutyebisa ngokungekho sikweni.
Kodwa utyalo-mali lwe-cryptocurrency kwi-capital egunyazisiweyo yombutho iyenzeka. NgoNovemba ka-2019, iNkonzo yeRhafu yoMdibaniso ukwazisa i-cryptocurrency kwi-capital egunyazisiweyo. Abasunguli benkampani ye-Artel baquka umtyalo-mali owanikela nge-0,1 bitcoin kwi-capital egunyazisiweyo ngokutshintshela i-5% kwiprojekthi. Ukongeza i-cryptocurrency kwi-capital egunyazisiweyo, i-wallet ye-elektroniki yavavanywa kwaye isenzo sokwamkelwa kunye nokudluliselwa kwegama lokungena kunye negama lokugqitha kuyo yabhalwa.
Imigodi
Ummangali ukuphelisa isivumelwano sakhe sokuthengwa kwezixhobo zemigodi, ekubeni izinga lotshintshiselwano lwe-Bitcoin liwile kwaye wayecinga ukuba imigodi iya kudla kakhulu amandla kwaye ayinakwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho. Inkundla ithathele ingqalelo ukuba utshintsho lwemali ye-crypto alukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwiimeko, ezinokuthi zibe zizizathu zokuphelisa isivumelwano sokuthenga nokuthengisa. Isibheno sakhatywa.
Izixhobo zemigodi zithathwa yinkundla njengempahla ejoliswe kwimisebenzi yezoshishino, kwaye kungekhona ukusetyenziswa komntu kunye nekhaya. Cryptocurrency inkundla yalubiza “luhlobo lweendlela zemali.” Inkundla yagqiba ukubuyisela imali yempahla esele ithengiwe, kodwa yenqaba imbuyekezo yomonakalo wokuziphatha, ekubeni ummangalelwa akazange abangele umonakalo wokuziphatha kunye nomzimba kummi othile. Ummangali uthenge iiyunithi ezili-17 zeempahla, kwaye inkundla yabonisa ukuba kunye neyunithi enye yempahla yemigodi bubungqina bomsebenzi woshishino.
Komnye umcimbi imeko xa u-Ershov wayala ukuthengwa kwezixhobo zokumbiwa kwemigodi kwi-Khromov kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwemigodi, i-bitcoins ekhutshwe ngayo ithunyelwe kwi-akhawunti ye-Ershov. I-bitcoins ye-9 yachithwa, emva koko u-Ershov wathi akayi kuhlawula izixhobo kunye neendleko zemigodi, ekubeni ukusebenza kwemigodi ye-cryptocurrency kunciphile. Izixhobo zemigodi zathengwa egameni lika-Ershov. Inkundla yanelisa iimfuno zikaKhromov zokuqokelela imali phantsi kwesivumelwano semali-mboleko, inzala kunye neendleko zomthetho.
Abamangali baye enkundleni kuba bengafumananga ngeniso ilindelekileyo kwimigodi. Inkundla yalikhaba ibango ngezizathu zokuba iBitcoin ayingeni kwinkcazo yemali ye-elektroniki okanye inkqubo yokuhlawula, ayiyomali yangaphandle, ayiweli phantsi kwezinto zamalungelo oluntu, kwaye "zonke iintengiselwano kunye nokudluliselwa kweBitcoins ziyaqhutywa. ngaphandle ngabanini bazo ngengozi yabo nangomngcipheko wabo.” Ngokutsho kwenkundla, uBaryshnikov A.V. kunye noBatura V.N., emva kokuba bevumelene nemigaqo yokubonelela ngeenkonzo zemigodi, bacingela umngcipheko wokwenza nayiphi na ilahleko yemali kunye/okanye umonakalo (ilahleko) onokuthi ubangelwe kubo ngenxa yokulibaziseka okanye ukungenzeki kokudluliselwa kwe-elektroniki.” Inkundla iphinde yabonisa ukuba ilahleko ayinakuba ngenxa yokubonelela kwabo ngeenkonzo ezikumgangatho onganelanga, kodwa ngenxa yokuwa kwemarike yeBitcoin.
Ukuthintela iisayithi ngolwazi malunga ne-cryptocurrency
Kunyaka ophelileyo thina malunga namatyala anxulumene nokuvalwa kweesayithi ngolwazi malunga ne-cryptocurrency. Nangona ezi zigqibo azizange ziphenjelelwe ngokwaneleyo kwaye zingathethelelwanga ngumthetho, kwaye sele sele sisungule umkhwa wokubhukuqa izigqibo ezingekho mthethweni kwisibheno, iijaji zaseRashiya ziyaqhubeka nokwenza izigqibo zokuvala ii-portals ngolwazi malunga ne-cryptocurrency. Ngaloo ndlela, sele ngo-Aprili 2019, iNkundla yeSithili saseKhabarovsk ivalwe i-website enolwazi malunga ne-bitcoins, ilawula: "Yamkela ulwazi malunga" nemali ye-elektroniki ye-Bitcoin (bitcoin)" equlethwe kwi-intanethi yolwazi kunye nenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano kwiphepha kunye nedilesi ulwazi, ukuhanjiswa okungavumelekanga kwi-Russian Federation.
Xa zisenza ezo zigqibo, iinkundla zibhekisela kwiingcaciso zeBhanki yaseRashiya zomhla wama-27.01.2014 kuJanuwari XNUMX, njengoko, ngokomzekelo, inkundla yesithili yaseKhabarovsk yenza inyaniso. Iingcaciso zeBhanki ePhakamileyo zithi ukuthengiselana ngeemali ezibonakalayo kuyaqikelelwa ngokwendalo kwaye kunokubandakanya ukubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni kwengeniso evela kulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali yobunqolobi. Kwakhona, abagwebi kwizigqibo zabo bakhankanya i-115-FZ "Ekulweni nokubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni (ukuthengiswa) kwengeniso kulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali kobunqolobi." Ngelo xesha, ulwazi malunga ne-cryptocurrencies alusebenzi kwizizathu zokuthintela ngokungekho mthethweni indawo, enokuthi iqhutywe nguRoskomnadzor, uMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphakathi kunye namanye amasebe. Iisayithi ezinolwazi olunjalo zivaliwe kuphela ngesigqibo senkundla emva kwengxelo evela kumtshutshisi ogqiba ukuba ulwazi malunga ne-cryptocurrencies lusongela iziseko zoluntu.
Zi yobisi
Ngo-2019, inkundla yesithili sasePenza ukuthengisa iziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni. Kwimeko yezixhobo, i-cryptocurrency ikhankanywe njengemali yokuhlawula. Inkundla yagxininisa ukuba abamangalelwa basebenzisa i-bitcoins ukwamkela iintlawulo, ekubeni ii-akhawunti zabo ze-elektroniki zingaziwa. Ngokwahlukileyo, kwaphawulwa ukuba “Ngenxa yohlalutyo lobungqina obuhlolisisiweyo, inkundla yaphinda yafumanisa ubukho kwizenzo zikaV.A. Vyatkina, D.G. Samoilov. kunye noStupnikova A.P. injongo ethe ngqo yokwenza utshintshiselwano lwezemali nge-bitcoin cryptocurrency, ekubeni abamangalelwa babesazi ukuba olu hlobo lwentlawulo, njenge-bitcoin cryptocurrency ngokwalo, alusetyenziswanga kwiintengiselwano zentlawulo ezisemthethweni kwintsimi yeRussian Federation. Ukongezelela, ngale ndlela, abamangalelwa babeyibhalisa ngokusemthethweni imali ababeyifumene ngolwaphulo-mthetho, nangendlela eyenza kube nzima ukuba amaziko omthetho azibone ezi zibakala.”
inkundla yalukhaba uguqulelo lommangalelwa ukuba wayekholelwa ukuba uthengisa iisteroids kuneziyobisi. Phakathi kwezizathu zokuba aqatshelwe njengolwazi lolwaphulo-mthetho "yinjongo yokufumana umvuzo ngezi zenzo kwi-cryptocurrency."**" Kuyathakazelisa ukuba igama le-cryptocurrency lifihliwe kwisigqibo senkundla esipapashiweyo.
umthombo: www.habr.com