U-Ariadne Conill, umdali womdlali womculo oAudiyo, umsunguli we-IRCv3 protocol, kunye nenkokeli yeqela lokhuseleko le-Alpine Linux, ugxeke imigaqo-nkqubo yeFree Software Foundation malunga ne-firmware yobunikazi kunye ne-microcode, kunye nemithetho ye-Hlonipha inyathelo leNkululeko yakho ejoliswe kuyo. ukuqinisekiswa kwezixhobo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zokuqinisekisa ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi kunye nenkululeko. Ngokutsho kwe-Ariadne, imigaqo-nkqubo yeSiseko inciphisa abasebenzisi kwi-hardware ephelelwe yisikhathi, ikhuthaza abavelisi abafuna isatifikethi ukuba badibanise ulwakhiwo lwabo lwe-hardware, banqande uphuhliso lwezinye iindlela zamahhala kwi-firmware yobunikazi, kunye nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kokhuseleko olufanelekileyo.
Ingxaki ibangelwa yinto yokuba isatifikethi esithi "Hlonipha Inkululeko Yakho" sinokufumaneka kuphela ngesixhobo apho yonke isoftware enikezelweyo kufuneka ikhululeke, kubandakanya i-firmware elayishwe usebenzisa i-CPU ephambili. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-firmware esetyenziswe kwiiprosesa ezongezelelweyo ezifakwe ngaphakathi zingahlala zivaliwe, ukuba azithethi ukuhlaziywa emva kokuba isixhobo siwela ezandleni zomthengi. Ngokomzekelo, isixhobo kufuneka sithumele nge-BIOS yamahhala, kodwa i-microcode elayishwe yi-chipset kwi-CPU, i-firmware kwizixhobo ze-I / O, kunye nokucwangciswa koqhagamshelwano lwangaphakathi lwe-FPGA lunokuhlala luvaliwe.
Imeko ivela ukuba ukuba i-firmware ye-proprietary ilayishwe ngexesha lokuqaliswa kwenkqubo yokusebenza, izixhobo azikwazi ukufumana isatifikethi kwi-Open Source Foundation, kodwa ukuba i-firmware yeenjongo ezifanayo ilayishwe yi-chip eyahlukileyo, isixhobo sinokuqinisekiswa. Le ndlela ithathwa njengento ephosakeleyo, kuba kwimeko yokuqala i-firmware ibonakala, umsebenzisi ulawula ukulayishwa kwayo, uyazi malunga nayo, unokuqhuba uphicotho oluzimeleyo lokhuseleko, kwaye unokutshintshwa ngokulula ukuba i-analogue yamahhala ifumaneka. Kwimeko yesibini, i-firmware yibhokisi elimnyama, okunzima ukuyijonga kunye nobukho apho umsebenzisi angaziqondi, ekholelwa ngobuxoki ukuba yonke isofthiwe iphantsi kolawulo lwakhe.
Njengomzekelo wokukhohlisa okujolise ekufumaneni isatifikethi se-Respects Your Freedom, i-smartphone ye-Librem 5 inikwe, abaphuhlisi bayo, ukuze bafumane kwaye basebenzise ngenjongo yokuthengisa uphawu lokuthotyelwa kweemfuno zeSiseko seSoftware eSimahla, basebenzise iprosesa eyahlukileyo ukuqalisa izixhobo kunye nokulayisha i-firmware. Emva kokugqitywa kwenqanaba lokuqalisa, ulawulo lwadluliselwa kwi-CPU ephambili, kwaye iprosesa encedisayo yavalwa. Ngenxa yoko, isatifikethi sasinokufunyanwa ngokusesikweni, ekubeni i-kernel kunye ne-BIOS azizange zilayishe iiblubhu zokubini, kodwa ngaphandle kokwazisa iingxaki ezingeyomfuneko, akukho nto yayiza kutshintsha. Okubangela umdla kukuba, ekugqibeleni zonke ezi ngxaki zazililize kwaye iPurism ayizange ikwazi ukufumana isatifikethi.
Imiba yokhuseleko kunye nozinzo ikwavela kwiingcebiso zeSiseko soMthombo oVulekileyo sokusebenzisa iLinux Libre kernel kunye neLibreboot firmware, ecociweyo kwiiblobhu ezilayishwe kwihardware. Ukulandela ezi ngcebiso kunokukhokelela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokungaphumeleli, kwaye ukufihla izilumkiso malunga nesidingo sofakela uhlaziyo lwe-firmware kunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezingalungiswanga kunye neengxaki zokhuseleko ezinokwenzeka (umzekelo, ngaphandle kokuhlaziya i-microcode, inkqubo iya kuhlala isengozini kwi-Meltdown kunye ne-Specter attack) . Ukukhubaza uhlaziyo lwe-microcode kubonwa njengento engafanelekanga, ngenxa yokuba uguqulelo olufakelweyo lwe-microcode efanayo, esele iqulethe ubuthathaka kunye neempazamo ezingalungiswanga, ilayishwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqalisa i-chip.
Esinye isikhalazo siphathelele ukungakwazi ukufumana isatifikethi se-Respect Your Freedom sezixhobo zala maxesha (eyona modeli intsha yeelaptops eziqinisekisiweyo iqale ngo-2009). Ukuqinisekiswa kwezixhobo ezitsha kuthintelwa buchwephesha obufana ne-Intel ME. Umzekelo, ilaptop yeFramework iza ne-firmware evulekileyo kwaye igxile kulawulo olupheleleyo lomsebenzisi, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba iSiseko sasimahla seSoftware sikhe siyincome ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweeprosesa ze-Intel ezinobuchwephesha be-Intel ME (ukuvala i-Intel Management Engine, inokususa zonke iimodyuli ze-Intel ME kwi-firmware , engahambelani nokuqaliswa kokuqala kwe-CPU, kwaye uvale umlawuli oyintloko we-Intel ME usebenzisa inketho engabhalwanga, oko, umzekelo, eyenziwa yi-System76 kunye ne-Purism kwii-laptops zabo).
Umzekelo kwakhona ilaptop yeNovena, ephuhliswe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo ye-Open Hardware kwaye inikwe abaqhubi bemithombo evulekileyo kunye ne-firmware. Ukusukela oko ukusebenza kweGPU kunye neWiFi kwiFreescale i.MX 6 SoC ibifuna iiblobhu zokulayisha, nangona bezingekakulungeli iinguqulelo zasimahla zala mabhulophu kuphuhliso, ukuze kuqinisekiswe iNovena, iSiseko soMthombo oVulekileyo sifune ukuba ezi amalungu angasebenzi ngoomatshini. Ukutshintshwa kwasimahla kuye kwenziwa ekugqibeleni kwaye kwenziwa ukuba kufumaneke kubasebenzisi, kodwa isiqinisekiso besiya kubathintela abasebenzisi ukuba bangazisebenzisi kuba i-GPU kunye neWiFi, ebingenayo i-firmware yasimahla ngexesha lokuqinisekiswa, kuya kufuneka ikhubazeke ngokwasemzimbeni ukuba ithunyelwe ngentlonipho Yakho. Isiqinisekiso senkululeko . Ngenxa yoko, umphuhlisi weNovena wala ukufumana isatifikethi seHlonipha iNkululeko Yakho, kwaye abasebenzisi bafumana ngokupheleleyo, hayi isixhobo esihluthiweyo.
umthombo: opennet.ru