Imiba yokhuseleko lwedatha yomntu, ukuvuza kwabo kunye "namandla" akhulayo eenkampani ezinkulu ze-IT ziyanda ukukhathazeka kungekuphela nje abasebenzisi benethiwekhi abaqhelekileyo, kodwa nabameli bamaqela ahlukeneyo ezopolitiko. Abanye, njengabo basekhohlo, bacebisa iindlela ezingqongqo, ukusuka ekwenzeni i-Intanethi ibe yelizwe ukuya ekujikeni iingxilimbela zetekhnoloji zibe ngamafelandawonye. Malunga namanyathelo okwenyani kule ndlela anjalo "perestroika in reverse" zenziwa kumazwe aliqela - kwimathiriyeli yethu namhlanje.
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Yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki?
Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, iinkokeli ezingenakuphikiswa ziye zavela kwimakethi ye-IT - iinkampani ezinamagama esele zingamagama asekhaya zithatha isabelo esikhulu (ngamanye amaxesha esoyisayo) kwinani lamacandelo ecandelo le-IT. Uphando ngaphezu kwe-90% yeemarike zeenkonzo zokukhangela, kunye nesiphequluli seChrome kwiikhompyutha i-56% yabasebenzisi. Imeko kunye neMicrosoft iyafana - malunga ne-65% yeenkampani kummandla wezoqoqosho we-EMEA (iYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma kunye ne-Afrika) kunye neOfisi 365.
Le meko inamacala ayo amahle. Iinkampani ezinkulu zidala inani elikhulu lemisebenzi - njani I-CNBC, phakathi kwe-2000 kunye ne-2018, i-Facebook, i-Alphabet, iMicrosoft, i-Apple kunye ne-Amazon iqeshe abasebenzi abatsha abangaphezu kwesigidi. Amashishini anjalo aqokelela izixhobo ezaneleyo zokuqhuba uphando olukhulu kunye nophuhliso kwiindawo ezintsha, ngamanye amaxesha ezinomngcipheko omkhulu, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yazo ephambili. Ukongeza, iinkampani zenza eyazo inkqubo yendalo, apho abasebenzisi basombulula uluhlu olubanzi lweengxaki - baodola ngokukhawuleza zonke iimpahla eziyimfuneko, ukusuka kwigrosari ukuya kwisixhobo, kwiAmazon. Ngokutsho kwabahlalutyi, ngo-2021 kuya kuba njalo isiqingatha semarike ye-e-commerce yaseMelika.
Ubukho be-IT giants kwiimarike luncedo nakwabanye abadlali bayo - abatyali-mali abenza imali kwi-stock exchange: izabelo zabo zihlala zithembekile kwaye zizisa ingeniso ezinzileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa iMicrosoft iqinisekisa iinjongo zayo zokufumana i-GitHub kwi-2018, izabelo zayo ngama-1,27%.
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Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo ekhulayo yamashishini amakhulu e-IT yimbangela yokukhathazeka. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba iinkampani zidibanisa inani elikhulu ledatha yomntu. Namhlanje ziye zaba yinto yokuthengisa kwaye zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka kwiinkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlalutya uhlalutyo ukuya kwiintengiso ezijoliswe kwi-banal. Ukuhlanganiswa komthamo omkhulu wedatha kwizandla zenkampani enye kudala uluhlu olupheleleyo lweengozi kubantu abaqhelekileyo kunye nobunzima obuthile kumlawuli.
Ngokwindla ngo-2017 malunga "nokuvuza" kweziqinisekiso ze-3 yeebhiliyoni zeeakhawunti eTumblr, Fantasy kunye neFlickr yeYahoo! Iyonke imali yembuyekezo enyanzelekileyo ukuba ihlawulwe yinkampani 50 yezigidi zeerandi. Kwaye ngoDisemba 2019, iingcali zokhuseleko lolwazi i-database ye-intanethi equlethe amagama, iinombolo zefowuni kunye ne-ID zabasebenzisi be-Facebook abazizigidi ezingama-267.
Imeko ayikhathazi kuphela abasebenzisi ngokwabo, kodwa noorhulumente bamazwe ngamanye - ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuba abanako ukulawula idatha eqokelelwe ziinkampani ze-IT. Yaye oku, ngokutsho kwabanye abezobupolitika, “kudala isisongelo kukhuseleko lwelizwe.”
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ENtshona, isisombululo esinamandla kule ngxaki sivela kubaxhasi beentshukumo ezahlukeneyo zasekhohlo kunye nasekhohlo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, bacebisa ukwenza iinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT zibe zizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke-zabucala okanye amaqumrhu, kunye nothungelwano lwehlabathi ukuba lube jikelele kwaye lulawulwe ngurhulumente (njengezinye izixhobo zomhlaba). Ingqiqo yengqiqo yasekhohlo yile ilandelayo: ukuba iinkonzo ze-intanethi ziyayeka ukuba "yimigodi yegolide" kwaye iqale ukuphathwa njengezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu, ukufuna inzuzo kuya kuphela, oku kuthetha inkuthazo "yokuxhaphaza" idatha iya kuncipha. Kwaye ngaphandle kwendalo entle yokuqala, intshukumo eya “kwi-Intanethi ekwabelwana ngayo” kwamanye amazwe sele iqalile.
Iziseko zophuhliso zabantu
Inani lamazwe sele sele , ukuseka ilungelo lokufikelela kwi-Intanethi njengesiseko. E-Spain, ufikelelo kwiWebhu eBanzi yeHlabathi luhlelwa kudidi olufanayo njengefowuni. Oku kuthetha ukuba wonke ummi welizwe kufuneka akwazi ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi, nokuba uhlala phi. EGrisi eli lilungelo, ngokubanzi (Inqaku le-5A).
Omnye umzekelo ngowe-2000, e-Estonia ukuhambisa i-Intanethi kwiindawo ezikude zelizwe - iilali kunye neefama. Ngokutsho kwezopolitiko, iWorld Wide Web iyinxalenye yobomi bomntu kule nkulungwane yama-XNUMX kwaye kufuneka ifumaneke kuye wonke umntu.
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Ngenxa yokubaluleka okukhulayo kwe-Intanethi - indima eyidlalayo ekufezekiseni iimfuno ezisisiseko zabantu - amalungu ekhohlo ahlaba ikhwelo lokuba ivuleleke emoyeni, njengomabonakude. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, i-Labour Party yaseBritani cwangcisa inguqu enkulu kwi-intanethi ye-fiber-optic yasimahla kwinkqubo yakhe yonyulo. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, iprojekthi iya kuxabisa i-20 yeebhiliyoni zeeponti. Ngendlela, baceba ukunyusa imali yokuphunyezwa ngeerhafu ezongezelelweyo kwii-giants ze-Intanethi ezifana ne-Facebook kunye ne-Google.
Kwezinye izixeko zaseMelika, ababoneleli be-Intanethi ngabarhulumente basekhaya kunye namaqumrhu. Kukho abantu abamalunga nama-900 kweli lizwe inethiwekhi zabo zebroadband-apho onke amacandelo abantu ngaphandle kokukhetha banokufikelela kwi-Intanethi enesantya esiphezulu. Eyona idumileyo -Isixeko saseChattanooga eTennessee. Kwi-2010, ngenkxaso yenkxaso ye-federal, abasemagunyeni baqalisa inethiwekhi ye-gigabit kubahlali. Namhlanje, i-throughput inyuke ukuya kwi-gigabits ezilishumi. Ifiber optic entsha ikwanxibelelana negridi yamandla yaseChattanooga, ngenxa yoko abahlali basezixekweni akusekho mfuneko yokuba bathumele ukufundwa kweemitha ngesandla. Iingcali zithi inethiwekhi entsha inceda ukonga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50 yezigidi zeedola kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngonyaka.
Iiprojekthi ezifanayo ziye zaphunyezwa - umzekelo, e-Thomasville, kunye nakwiindawo ezisemaphandleni - emazantsi eMinnesota. Apho, ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kubonelelwa ngumnikezeli we-RS Fiber, wentsebenziswano yezixeko ezilishumi kunye neefama ezilishumi elinesixhenxe.
Iingcamango ezihambelana nobusoshiyali zibonakaliswa ngamaxesha athile phezulu kurhulumente wase-US. Ekuqaleni kwe-2018, ulawulo lukaDonald Trump Inethiwekhi ye-5G yipropati yelizwe. Ngokutsho kwabaqalayo, le ndlela iya kuvumela ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kweziseko zelizwe, ukwandisa ukuchasana nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kunye nokwandisa umgangatho wobomi babantu. Nangona ekuqaleni konyaka ophelileyo umbono wokwenza iziseko zophuhliso zikazwelonke . Kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba lo mbandela uya kuphakanyiswa kwakhona kwixesha elizayo.
Ifikeleleka kuye wonke umntu, ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngexabiso eliphantsi okanye kwasimahla lithemba elihendayo elingenakufane libangele ukungamkelwa nguye nabani na. Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kwi-hardware kunye neziseko zophuhliso, isoftware kunye nezicelo zihlala ziyinxalenye yenethiwekhi. Ngokuphathelele ukuba benzeni nabo, abanye abameli be-socialist kunye nezinye iintshukumo zasekhohlo nazo zinembono ekhethekileyo - siza kuthetha ngayo ngokubanzi kwinqaku elilandelayo.
Kwisiza siyakhokela . Apho sithetha ngetekhnoloji yefu, i-IaaS kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha yomntu.
Sikwanalo necandelo "" Kuyo sikwazisa ngezinto ezintsha ezitsha zenkonzo yethu.
Sinaye kuHabré (kunye nenani elikhulu lamagqabaza kwizixhobo):
umthombo: www.habr.com