Ubuvila kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo - malunga ne-IT kunye noshishino lwaseTshayina ukusuka ngaphakathi

Iifoto: Anton Areshin

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, indawo yokugcina yaseTshayina yaduma kwiGitHub 996.ICU. Esikhundleni sekhowudi, iqulethe izikhalazo malunga neemeko zokusebenza kunye nexesha elongezelelweyo elingekho mthethweni. Igama ngokwalo libhekisa kwimeme yabaphuhlisi baseTshayina malunga nomsebenzi wabo: “Ukusuka kwisithoba ukuya kwisithoba, kwiintsuku ezintandathu ngeveki, emva koko ukuya kukhathalelo olumandla” (Sebenza ngo-'996', abagulayo e-ICU). Nabani na unokuzibophelela kwi-repository ukuba bayaqinisekisa ibali labo nge-screenshots yamaxwebhu angaphakathi kunye nembalelwano.

Mhlawumbi ku uqaphele I-Verge kwaye ifumene amabali angaphakathi malunga neemeko zokusebenza kwiinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT zelizwe - Alibaba, Huawei, Tencent, Xiaomi kunye nabanye. Phantse ngokukhawuleza, ezi nkampani zaqala ukuvimba ukufikelela kwazo kwi-996.ICU, ngaphandle kokuphendula izimvo ezivela kumajelo angaphandle.

Andazi ukuba yintoni enokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kunezi ndaba, kunye nendlela esisabela ngayo kuyo: “Ngaba amaTshayina akhalaza ngeGitHub? Ok, kungekudala bazoyivimba bazenzele eyabo.” Siqhelene nento yokuba yonke le nto bayibhalayo malunga neTshayina - ibhlokhi, i-censorship, iikhamera, ireyithingi yentlalontle a la "Black Mirror", ukutshutshiswa kwe-Uyghurs, ukuxhaphazwa kwesihogo, amahlazo angenangqondo kunye neememes malunga noWinnie the Pooh, njalo njalo. isangqa.

Kwangaxeshanye, iChina ibonelela umhlaba wonke ngeempahla. Iinkampani ezinkulu ezigxeka ukungakhululeki zikulungele ukulibala imigaqo yazo ukuze zingene kwimarike yaseTshayina. I-China inomzi-mveliso onamandla kakhulu kunye ne-IT, kwaye i-astronautics iphuhlisa apho. Izityebi zaseTshayina ziyonakalisa iimarike zezindlu eCanada naseNew Zealand, zithenga yonke into nangaliphi na ixabiso. Iifilimu kunye neencwadi zaseTshayina eziza kuthi ziyamangalisa.

Ezi zizinto eziphikisanayo ezinomdla (ukudibanisa?). Ehlabathini apho inyaniso ekugqibeleni yafa phantsi kweemela zeembono, kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuqonda umxholo opheleleyo wento eyiChina ngokwenene. Ngaphandle kokuba nethemba lokuyiqonda, ndithethe nabantu abaliqela abahlala kwaye basebenza apho ixesha elide-ukongeza nje isibini izimvo kwi-treasury.

Umfundi ongaphambili ngokuchasene nekhowudi yeshit

U-Artem Kazakov uhlala e-China iminyaka emithandathu kwaye ubandakanyeka kuphuhliso lwe-Frontind. Uvela e-Angarsk kummandla wase-Irkutsk. Kuze kube kwibanga le-9, u-Artem wafunda esikolweni ngokufunda ngokunzulu ulwimi lwesiNgesi, kodwa phakathi kwe-semester ngokukhawuleza wagqiba ekubeni atshintshe indlela kwaye ahambe kwi-polytechnic lyceum. Apho bamphatha ngokungathandabuzekiyo - babengafuni ukuthatha umntu kwisikolo sokunceda abantu.

Kunyaka kamva, waphumelela uhambo oluya e-USA phantsi kwenkqubo yeFLEX, eyesihlanu kuyo yonke imbali ye-lyceum.

U-Artem naye waguqula umnqweno wakhe wokufunda iilwimi - watshintsha iilwimi zendalo ngeelwimi zeprogram, kunye nesiNgesi ngesiTshayina. “Ngeminyaka yoo-2010 akukho mntu wothuswa lulwazi lwam lwesiNgesi, ndiye ndangena kwiDyunivesithi yaseDalian Pedagogical ukuze ndithathe izifundo zolwimi lwesiTshayina. Emva kokuthatha izifundo iminyaka emibini, ndiphumelele iimviwo ze-HSK (ezifana ne-IELTS, TOEFL) kwinqanaba elaneleyo lokungena eyunivesithi kwisidanga se-bachelor," utsho.

Emva kukaDalian, u-Artem wafudukela eWuhan, kwiPhondo laseHubei, wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseWuhan, kwindawo yesibhozo kuluhlu lweeyunivesithi zaseTshayina. Ngelo xesha, ufunda kwiYunivesithi yase-Angarsk ngembalelwano kwaye ngoJuni uya kukhusela iidiploma ezimbini ngokukhawuleza.

U-Artem uhlala e-China kwi-visa yabafundi, kwaye ukusebenza kuyo, nokuba ukude, akukho mthethweni ngokupheleleyo. “E-China, akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukusebenza nge-visa yokufunda, kodwa kufuneka usinde,” utshilo, “mna ngokwam ndifundise abafundi be-TOEFL kunye ne-IELTS iminyaka eliqela, eDalian naseWuhan. Kukho inketho yokusebenza njengemodeli okanye ibartenders, kodwa kuyingozi ngakumbi. Ukuba ubanjwe kube kanye, uya kuhlawuliswa amawaka amahlanu eyuan kunye namashumi amabini anesihlanu amawaka ngumqeshi wakho. Okwesibini ukugxothwa, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ukuya kwiintsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu kunye nesitampu esimnyama (awukwazi ukungena eChina iminyaka emihlanu). Ke ngoko, akukho mntu apha kufuneka azi ngomsebenzi wam ekude. Kodwa nokuba bathe bafumanisa, andithathi mali kumaTshayina, andophuli mthetho, ngoko akukho ngxaki kuloo nto. ”

Kunyaka wakhe wesibini eyunivesithi, u-Artem wagqiba i-internship kwinkampani yaseTshayina ye-IT. Kwakukho izinto ezininzi zesiqhelo; kwakufuneka ndichwetheze amaphepha e-HTML imihla ngemihla. Uthi imisebenzi ibikruqula, kungekho mlingo ngasemva, kungekho zisombululo zintsha ngaphambili. Wayefuna ukufumana amava, kodwa ngokukhawuleza wadibana nezinto ezikhethekileyo zendawo: "AmaTshayina asebenza ngokweskimu esinomdla kakhulu - umsebenzi uza kwiprojekthi, kwaye abawunqumli ube ziinxalenye ezincinci, ungaboli, kodwa bathathe nje. yona kwaye uyenze. Bekukho iimeko xa abaphuhlisi ababini abahlukeneyo bebhala imodyuli efanayo ngokuhambelanayo.

Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba kukho ukhuphiswano olukhulu lweendawo eTshayina. Kwaye kubonakala ngathi abaphuhlisi basekhaya abanalo ixesha lokufunda izinto ezintsha neziqhubela phambili ukuze babe nexabiso- endaweni yoko, babhala ngokukhawuleza kwinto abanayo:

“Benza umsebenzi okumgangatho ophantsi, banekhowudi eninzi, kodwa ngandlel’ ithile yonke into iyasebenza, kwaye iyamangalisa. Baninzi abasebenzi apho, kunye nezisombululo eziphelelwe lixesha, ngokugwetywa yi-JS. Andizange ndibone abaphuhlisi bezama ukufunda into entsha. Ukuthetha nje, sifunde i-PHP, i-SQL, i-JS, kwaye sibhala yonke into ekuyo, sisebenzisa i-jQuery ngaphambili. Ngethamsanqa, wafika uEvan Yu, kwaye amaTshayina atshintshela kwiVue ngaphambili. Kodwa le nkqubo ayizange ikhawuleze.”

Ngo-2018, emva koqeqesho kwinkampani enye, u-Artem wamenywa kwenye ukuba enze isicelo esincinci kwi-WeChat. Akukho mntu wayekhe weva nge-ES6 kwi-javascript. Akukho mntu wayesazi malunga nemisebenzi yotolo okanye ulwahlulo. Eyona ndlela yokubhala ikhowudi yenza ukuba iinwele zentloko yam zime esiphelweni. ” Kuzo zombini iinkampani, u-Artem uchithe ixesha elininzi ehlela ikhowudi yomphuhlisi wangaphambili, kwaye kuphela xa ebuyisela yonke into kwisiqhelo waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala. Kodwa emva kwethuba, waphinda wafumana ezo ziqwenga zinye awayezilungisile zonakele.

"Nangona ndandingeyena onamava kakhulu, ndagqiba ekubeni nditshintshe ikhowudi.aliyun ukuya kwiGitHub, ndaqala ukuphonononga ikhowudi ngokwam kwaye ndiyithumele kumthuthukisi ukuba aphinde asebenze kwakhona ukuba andizange ndithande into ethile. Ndibaxelele abaphathi ukuba bafuna ukuba isicelo sabo sisebenze ngendlela ebebecebe ngayo, kufuneka bandithembe. I-tech lead yayinganelisekanga kakhulu, kodwa emva kweveki yokuqala yomsebenzi, wonke umntu wabona inkqubela, ukuphindaphinda kwekhowudi yokuthumela kunye nenani elincinci leebhugi ezincinci kubasebenzisi be-WeChat, kwaye wonke umntu wavuma ukuqhubeka. Abaphuhlisi baseTshayina bakrelekrele, kodwa bayathanda ukubhala ngendlela ababekhe bafunda ngayo kwaye, ngelishwa, abazami ukufunda into entsha, kwaye ukuba bayayifunda, inzima kakhulu kwaye inde. ”

Emva koko, akukho nto imangalisayo kwi-backend. Njengathi, uArtem wafumanisa ukuba iilwimi zeJava kunye noC zezona zidumileyo. Kwaye njengalapha nje, ukusebenza kwi-IT yindlela ekhawulezayo nengenamngcipheko yokungena kudidi oluphakathi. Imivuzo, ngokwemigqaliselo yakhe, iyahluka phakathi kwamanani aphezulu kwiRussian Federation kunye ne-avareji e-USA, nangona ungaphila kakuhle kwi-avareji yaseMoscow ikhulu lamawaka eeruble ngenyanga. "Abasebenzi abalungileyo baxatyisiwe apha, kufuneka udlule kwaye ubambelele kwindawo yakho, kungenjalo uya kutshintshwa."

Yintoni abaphuhlisi abakhalaza ngayo kwi-996.ICU, u-Artem uqinisekisa: "Iziqalo eziqala ukwenza imali zihlala ekuphuhliseni imini nobusuku. Iinkampani ezininzi zibonelela ngeeofisi ngeendawo zokulala. Konke oku kwenzelwa ukuba kwenziwe okuninzi kangangoko kwaye kugqitywe oko besikucwangcisile ngokukhawuleza kangangoko. Lo ngumgangatho omhle eTshayina. Ixesha elongezelelweyo elingunaphakade kunye neeveki zokusebenza ezinde. "

Umphathi wemveliso ngokuchasene nobuvila

UIvan Surkov, umphathi wemveliso eTion yaseTshayina uthi: “Ukuthi amaTshayina ngabantu abahlwempuzekileyo, basebenza kakhulu . . . -ezifana neemeko zonke ziintsomi ukujongela phantsi iinkampani abazivelisela zona. Andikaze ndibone nenye ishishini apho bekukho umsebenzi wesihogo. Mhlawumbi oku kubonakala kubemi baseYurophu abaye baphila ubomi babo bonke kwisixeko apho yonke into ipholile, icocekile, iindlela zigaywe ngamatye - baze babuye baze babone indlela abantu abachitha ngayo umzi-mveliso ukususela kusasa de kube ngokuhlwa.

U-Ivan uye wabona oku yonke imihla iminyaka emininzi ngoku, kodwa weza e-China evela e-Ivanovo - indawo apho ngokuqinisekileyo ayikho yonke into epholileyo kwaye icocekile. Kwiminyaka emithandathu edluleyo waqalisa ukufunda ulwimi kwisikolo sabasemzini eyunivesithi. Ngoku u-Ivan usebenzela inkampani yaseRashiya evelisa i-smart breathers e-China. Uya kumashishini namaxwebhu akhe, kwaye bathatha imveliso. U-Ivan ukhupha imiyalelo, ubeka iliso ekusebenzeni kwabo, usombulule iimeko zongquzulwano, uhamba kwiikontraka kwaye ulawula yonke into enxulumene nokuveliswa kwekhontrakthi. Kwaye ukuba mna, ndifunda malunga nexesha elongezelelweyo elingunaphakade, cinga ngomsebenzi onzima wokuzincama, ngoko u-Ivan uthi yonke imihla ulwa nobuvila baseTshayina.

"Ngokomzekelo, ndiza kumphathi wenkonzo yabathengi ekufuneka abaleke kunye nam kulo lonke ishishini. Kufuneka ehle kumgangatho wokuqala, angene kwisakhiwo esilandelayo aze athethe amazwi ambalwa ebantwini. Kodwa iqala ngokuthi: “Yiza, hamba wena.” Damn akhonto uyenzayo ngoku, ujonge kwimonitha, yehla impundu! Hayi, angathanda ukufumana omnye umntu. Kwaye ke yonke into - ukunyanzela amaTshayina ukuba asebenze - bafuna ukunyanzeliswa. Ungafikelela kwisivumelwano nabo, kodwa kufuneka usoloko uqinisekisa ukuba awukhohliswa. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kufuneka ubeke uxinzelelo, ube yi-hysterical, uthi awuyi kwamkela iimpahla, ukuba baya kulahlekelwa yimali. Ukuze bahambe, kufuneka uhlale unempembelelo. ”

Esi yayingesosihlandlo sokuqala ndisiva izinto ezinje, kwaye yayihlala ibonakala ingaqhelekanga kum: kwelinye icala, ukungakhathali, itekhnoloji endala, ikhowudi yeshitty - kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo, iChina ithatha indawo yoshishino lwe-Intanethi ngeyayo kwaye ivelisa. iinkonzo ezinokuxhasa izigidi ngezigidi zabasebenzisi. Abantu bathetha ngobuvila kunye nokungafuni ukusebenza - kodwa kwindawo enye iintsuku zeeyure ezilishumi elinesibini kunye neeveki ezintandathu zokusebenza ziyinto eqhelekileyo. U-Ivan ukholelwa ukuba akukho kuphikisana kule nto:

"Ewe - bayasebenza, kodwa hayi nzima. Lixesha nje elingakanani, hayi umgangatho. Basebenza iiyure ezisibhozo baze emva koko basebenze ezine ezongezelelekileyo. Kwaye ezo yure zihlawulwa ngexabiso elahlukileyo. Ngokusisiseko, kunyanzelekile-kunyanzelekile, kwaye yindlela wonke umntu asebenza ngayo. Banokukhetha ukuba bangezi ngokuhlwa, kodwa imali yimali. Ngaphezu koko, xa ukwindawo apho oku kuqhelekile, oko kuqhelekile kuwe.

Kwaye isantya semveliso yibhanti yokuhambisa. UHenry Ford wafumanisa ukuba yonke into kufuneka isebenze njani. Kwaye ukuba abasebenzi bakho baqeqeshiwe, ke le miqulu. Ukongeza, amaTshayina awoyiki ukutyala imali; anesibindi kulo mba. Kwaye ukuba batyale imali, bafumana yonke into abanako ngayo. ”

Ngubani onokuhlala kakuhle eTshayina?

Ngoku uIvan uhlala kwisixeko saseShenzhen - le ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yi "Chinese Silicon Valley". Esi sixeko siselula, simalunga namashumi amane eminyaka ubudala, kodwa ngeli xesha siphuhle ngesantya esiphezulu. Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi abantu ngoku bahlala eShenzhen. Isixeko simi phezu kolwandle, kutsha nje izithili ezibini ezikhulu kakhulu ezisuka kwamanye amaphondo, ebezifudula zishishina ngokupheleleyo, zongezwa kuso, kwaye kwakhiwa esinye sezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezintle eTshayina. U-Ivan uthi indawo yakhe ihlaziywa ngenkuthalo, endala iyadilizwa, kwaye kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezitsha. Ukufika kwakhe apho, kwakuqhubeka kusakhiwa macala onke, iimfumba zaziqhutywa nje. Kwiminyaka emibini, abaphuhlisi baqala ukuhambisa amagumbi agqityiweyo.

Phantse zonke izixhobo zombane zaseTshayina (ngaphandle komzekelo, iLenovo) zenziwe apha. Isityalo seFoxconn silapha - umzi-mveliso omkhulu wendibano ye-elektroniki apho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, izixhobo ze-Apple ziveliswa. U-Ivan uxelele indlela umhlobo wakhe aye ngayo kwesi sityalo, kwaye abazange bamvumele ukuba angene. “Unomdla kubo kuphela ukuba uodola iiselfowuni ezisisigidi ngonyaka. Obu bubuncinane - nje ukuthetha nabo. "

E-China, phantse yonke into yoshishino kwishishini, kwaye kukho amashishini amaninzi amakhulu kunye namancinci ekhontrakthi e-Shenzhen. Kwangaxeshanye, kukho amashishini ambalwa omjikelo opheleleyo phakathi kwabo. “Kwenye benza i-electronics kunye nezinto ezithile, okwesibini baphosa iplastiki, okwesithathu benze enye into, koweshumi bayidibanise. Oko kukuthi, kungekhona njengoko siqhelene neRashiya, apho kukho amashishini ajikelezayo angenamntu. Ayisebenzi ngolo hlobo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje,” utshilo uIvan.

I-Shenzhen inemozulu efudumeleyo kwaye, ngokungafaniyo nomntla welizwe, kukho iimoto ezininzi zombane apho. Zonke, njengeemoto eziqhelekileyo ezineenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, zihlala zihlala kwindawo. “E-China benza iimoto ezipholileyo ngokwenene- i-Gili, i-BYD, i-Donfon- ngokwenene zininzi iintlobo zeemoto. Ininzi kakhulu kunokuba imelwe eRashiya. Kubonakala kum ukuba i-slag ethunyelwa eRashiya ayithengiswanga apha, ngaphandle mhlawumbi kwenye indawo entshona yeChina. Apha, empuma, yonke imveliso, ukuba imoto isiTshayina, ngoko ifanelekile. Iplastiki elungileyo, ingaphakathi, izihlalo zesikhumba, iimpundu ezinomoya kunye nayo yonke into oyifunayo. "

Bobabini u-Artem no-Ivan bathi iTshayina ilunge ngakumbi ebomini kunokuba babecinga ngaphambi kokuba bafike: “I-PRC inayo yonke into enokufunwa ngumntu oqhelekileyo waseRashiya. Ijimu, amadama okuqubha, iindawo zokutyela, iivenkile ezinkulu, iivenkile. Ngeempelaveki, siphuma nabahlobo siye kubethwa ngumoya, siye kumboniso bhanya-bhanya, ngamanye amaxesha siye ebharini, okanye siye kwindalo,” utshilo u-Artem, “Kululindelo nje lokuba ukutya kwaseTshayina kumnandi – kum yayiyi-fiasco. Emva kokuhlala eTshayina kangangeminyaka emithandathu, ndiye ndafumana izitya ezimbalwa zaseTshayina endizithandayo, kwanezo zifana nokutya kwaseNtshona.”

UIvan uthi: “Izinto ezininzi esizaziyo ngeTshayina zibaxekile kakhulu.” Uziva uxinezeleke ngokwenene apha. Ndineminyaka emithandathu ndihlala eTshayina kwaye ngoku ndibonile indlela umntu atyhalele ngayo umntu kumgaqo ongaphantsi. Ngaphambi koku, bendihlala eBeijing, bendikwindlela engaphantsi komhlaba kwaye andizange ndiyibone into enje- nangona iBeijing sisixeko esinabantu abaninzi. Sihlala sibonisa le crap kumabonwakude, bathi, e-China le yinto eqhelekileyo. Kwaye ndibone oku okokuqala kwiminyaka emithandathu, kuphela eShenzhen ngexesha lokuxakeka! Kwaye oku akukho ngqwabalala njengoko besitsho. Isiqingatha seyure kwaye yiloo nto-awusayi kuphinda usibone isihlwele. "

Inkululeko ilungile okanye imbi

Kodwa abafana bahluke kwiimbono zabo malunga nokulawulwa kakubi kunye nenkululeko. Ngokutsho kwe-Artyom yokuqwalaselwa, ukulinganiswa kwezentlalo kungena kuzo zonke iikona zaseTshayina. “Ngoku unokudibana nabantu abangakwaziyo ukuthenga itikiti lenqwelomoya okanye itikiti likaloliwe elisemgangathweni ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi. Zininzi iindlela zokunyusa umlinganiselo wakho. Kukho isicelo apho amaTshayina anokuthi akhuphe ummelwane wawo ongekho mthethweni kwaye afumane umvuzo olungileyo. Ukuchukumisa isibini kwiscreen sefowuni kwaye yiloo nto. Ndiyabheja iyanceda iireyithingi nazo. Okanye, kwanele ukuba umTshayina acinge nje ukuba ummelwane wakhe wangaphandle akasebenzi kwi-visa yokusebenza, kwaye kungekudala amapolisa eza nokuhlolwa, utshilo u-Artem.

U-Ivan akazange ahlangabezane neemeko ezinjalo, okanye ngokubanzi ngokunganeliseki kunye nokungakhathali. "Abantu baqala ngokukhawuleza ukuthelekisa oku kunye nesipili esimnyama, bathanda ukufihla yonke into, bafuna ukubona ububi kuphela nakuphi na ukuzama ukulungisa into. Kwaye mhlawumbi ukulinganiswa kwentlalo akuyonto imbi,” utshilo.

“Ndicinga ukuba ngoku yonke into iyavavanywa, kwaye xa isiya ebantwini ngenkxaso yomthetho, siza kubona. Kodwa ndivakalelwa kukuba oku akusayi kubuguqula ngokupheleleyo ubomi. Zininzi nje iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabakhohlisi eTshayina. Ngokwenkolelo ethandwayo, bathanda kuphela ukukhohlisa abantu basemzini - enyanisweni, amaTshayina nawo. Ndicinga ukuba eli linge lijolise ekwenzeni ubomi bubengcono kumntu wonke. Kodwa ukuba iya kuphunyezwa njani kwixesha elizayo ngumbuzo. Imela inokusika isonka ize ibulale umntu.”

Ngelo xesha, u-Ivan wathi akasebenzisi icandelo lendawo ye-Intanethi - ngaphandle kwe-Baidu, ukulingana kwendawo yeGoogle, kunye nomsebenzi kuphela. Ukuhlala eTshayina, uyaqhubeka nokujonga i-Intanethi yolwimi lwesiRashiya. U-Artem uyayisebenzisa, kodwa ukholelwa ukuba i-Intanethi yaseTshayina ihlolwe ngokupheleleyo.

"Yaqala ngomlinganiselo omkhulu ngo-2014, xa uGoogle wayevaliwe. Ngelo xesha, abaphembeleli baseTshayina, umzekelo, i-AiWeiWei, bathumele kwi-Twitter yonke inyaniso malunga nobomi baseChina. Kwakukho imeko: inyikima yenzeke eChina, kwaye ekubeni bagcina imali ekwakhiweni kwezikolo, kwakukho abantu abaninzi ababulawayo. Urhulumente walifihla elona nani labafayo.

IWeiWei yayiyi-hyper kwaye yenza inkqubo - yakhangela abazali babo bonke amaxhoba entlekele ukuze baxelele ihlabathi malunga nemeko yokwenyani yezinto. Abaninzi balandela umzekelo wakhe kwaye baqala ukuthumela amabali kwiwebhu yehlabathi jikelele. Yonke le nto yeza kurhulumente, kwaye baqala ukuvala uGoogle, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram kunye neendawo ezininzi ekufuneka ndiphuhlise izakhono zam njengomphuhlisi weFrontend.

Ijongeka njani i-Intanethi yaseTshayina?

Ndilindele ukuba isantya se-Intanethi silingane nelizwe lam, kodwa hayi-i-Intanethi icotha kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukukhangela ngokukhululekileyo naziphi na iisayithi ozifunayo iVPN.

Malunga ne-2015, ii-analogues zaseTshayina zeenkonzo zangaphandle zaqala ukudalwa kweli lizwe. Ukusasazwa kwevidiyo yeJibo kwakudume kakhulu ngelo xesha. Nasiphi na isiqulatho sathunyelwa apho, amaTshayina ayekuthanda, yaye imali yayinokwenziwa apho. Nangona kunjalo, kamva kwavela inkonzo-i-DouIn (Tik Tok), esele "ikhuphela". Rhoqo, umxholo ukhutshelwa kwii-analogue zangaphandle kwaye uboniswe kwi-DouYin. Kuba uninzi lwamaTshayina alukwazi ukufikelela kwimithombo yangaphandle, akukho mntu ukrokrela ukukopa.

I-TuDou kunye ne-YoKu (i-analogues ye-YouTube) ayidumi, kuba ezi nkonzo ziphantsi korhulumente, kukho ucelomngeni oluninzi - akukho nkululeko yokudala.

Awuyi kubhideka kunye nabathunywa ngoko nangoko e-China - kukho i-WeChat kunye ne-QQ. Zombini ezi zithunywa ezikhawulezayo kunye neenethiwekhi zentlalo. Kukho ezinye iinzame zokudala into efanayo, kodwa i-QQ kunye ne-Wechat zisetyenziswa malunga ne-90% yabemi baseTshayina bebonke. Ingxaki yesibini lucelomngeni kwakhona. Yonke into mayilawulwe. Zombini iiapps zenziwe nguTencent.

I-QQ ifaneleke ngakumbi abafundi kuba yinkonzo yokusingatha iifayile egqwesileyo. I-WeChat inemisebenzi ekuvumela ukuba uhlawulele izinto eziluncedo, uthenge amatikiti enqwelomoya, amatikiti kaloliwe, kwaye uthenge neetumato kumakhulu waseTshayina esitratweni okhangeleka eneminyaka eyi-170 kwaye umhlawule esebenzisa i-WeChat. Kukho enye inkonzo yokwenza iintlawulo - i-AliPay (Jifubao), kwaye unokunxibelelana nabahlobo apho.

UIvan uthi: “Ndicinga ukuba amaTshayina aphila kakuhle, nangona onke ekhala ngelithi akanankululeko, acinga ukuba inkululeko ikwintshona. Kodwa ihlala ilungile apho singekho. Kukho amanqaku amaninzi kwi-Intanethi malunga nobuzwilakhe eTshayina kunye neekhamera kuyo yonke indawo. Kodwa esona sixeko sineekhamera ezininzi yiLondon. Kwaye ukuthetha ngeTshayina ngale ndlela yipropaganda emsulwa.

Kwangaxeshanye, uIvan uyavuma ukuba iTshayina inenkqubo yokhuseleko enzulu: “AmaTshayina akhokelayo ayaqonda ukuba abantu abanakunikwa inkululeko, kungenjalo baya kuqalisa ukufudumezana kangangokuba badale isihogo. Ngoko ke, uluntu lubekwe esweni kakuhle.” Kwaye uninzi lwezinto ezintsha zobugcisa, ngokutsho kuka-Ivan, ziyafuneka ukukhawulezisa iinkqubo kwilizwe elinabemi abaninzi. Umzekelo, amakhadi eepaspoti ze-elektroniki, iinkqubo zokuhlawula kwizithunywa ezikhawulezayo, kunye neekhowudi ze-QR ezifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo ziyafuneka ngokuchanekileyo kule nto.

“Ngokomgaqo, eTshayina abantu baphathwa ngobuntu. Kwisangqa endinxibelelana kuso- aba ngabalawuli beenkampani, abasebenzi abaqhelekileyo kunye neenjineli zeofisi-yonke into ihamba kakuhle ngabo. "

Inkqubo kunye ne-bureaucracy kwindlela eya kwi-WeChat

Malunga nonyaka odlulileyo, iDodo Pizza yabhengeza ukuba iza kusungula i-pizzeria engenamali e-China. Zonke iintlawulo apho kufuneka zidlule nge-WeChat, kodwa kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu ukwenza oku ngaphandle kweTshayina. Mininzi imigibe kwinkqubo, kwaye amaxwebhu aphambili afumaneka kuphela ngesiTshayina.

Ke, kwiidiploma zakhe ezimbini, u-Artem wongeza nomsebenzi okude weDodo. Kodwa ukufumana i-app yabo kwi-WeChat kuye kwaba libali elide.

“Ukuze uvule iwebhusayithi eRashiya, kufuneka uvule iwebhusayithi. Ukubamba, isizinda kunye nokuphuma kwakho. E-China yonke into inzima kakhulu. Masithi kufuneka wenze ivenkile ekwi-intanethi. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uthenge umncedisi, kodwa umncedisi akakwazi ukubhaliswa egameni lomntu wangaphandle. Kuya kufuneka ukhangele umhlobo waseTshayina ukuze akunike ikhadi lakhe lesazisi, ubhalise kulo kwaye uthenge iseva. ”

Emva kokuthenga iseva, kufuneka uthenge isizinda, kodwa ukuze uqalise indawo, kufuneka ufumane iilayisensi ezininzi. Eyokuqala yilayisensi ye-ICP. Ikhutshwe nguMphathiswa woShishino kunye nobuChwepheshe boLwazi lweRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina kuzo zonke iziza zorhwebo kwilizwe laseTshayina. “Ukufumana i-ICP yenkampani entsha, ngakumbi eyelizwe langaphandle, kufuneka uqokelele intaphane yamaxwebhu kwaye uhambe ngeendlela ezininzi kwiwebhusayithi karhulumente. Ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle, kuya kuthatha iiveki ezintathu. Emva kokufumana i-ICP, kuya kuthatha enye iveki ukufumana ukuZaliswa kweLayisensi yoLuntu. Kwaye wamkelekile eTshayina. "

Kodwa ukuba ukuvula iiwebhusayithi kuyahluka kuphela kulawulo, ngoko ukusebenza kunye ne-WeChat kukodwa kwaphela. U-Tencent weza nezicelo ezincinci zomthunywa wakhe, kwaye baduma kakhulu elizweni: "Ndingavuya ukubathelekisa nento, kodwa akukho zifaniso. Enyanisweni, ezi zizicelo ngaphakathi kwesicelo. Kubo, i-WeChat yeza nesakhelo sabo, esifana kakhulu nesakhiwo kwi-VueJS, yenze eyabo i-IDE, esebenza kakuhle. Isakhelo ngokwaso sisitsha kwaye sinamandla kakhulu, kwaye nangona sinemida, umzekelo, asixhaswanga yi-AXIOS. Ngenxa yokuba ayizizo zonke iindlela zezinto kunye nezixhobo ezixhaswayo, isakhelo sihlala sivela. "

Ngenxa yokukhula kokuthandwa, bonke abaphuhlisi baqala ukwenza iitoni zee-mini-apps ezifanayo. Bazalisa umthunywa kangangokuba uTencent wabeka imida kubungakanani bekhowudi. Kuba mini-apps - 2 MB, kuba mini-imidlalo - 5 MB.

"Ukuze ukwazi ukunkqonkqoza kwi-API, isizinda kufuneka sibe ne-ICP kunye ne-PLF. Ngaphandle koko, awuzukwazi ukongeza idilesi ye-API kwenye yeephaneli ezininzi zolawulo lwe-WeChat. Kukho i-bureaucracy eninzi apho ngamanye amaxesha kwakubonakala ngathi andinakuze ndikwazi ukuhamba kuwo onke amagunya, ndibhalise zonke ii-akhawunti ze-Wichat admin, ndifumane zonke iilayisensi kunye nokufikelela. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba uphuhlise ingqiqo, ubuchopho, umonde, ulwazi lweprogram (ngaphandle koko awukwazi nokuba ukhangele phi), kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ulwazi lolwimi lwesiTshayina. Uninzi lwamaxwebhu angesiNgesi, kodwa ukhilimu wesityalo - kanye into oyifunayo - ngesiTshayina kuphela. Kukho izithintelo ezininzi, kwaye imixokelelwane yokuzivala enjalo iyahlekisa ukujonga kuphela ngaphandle.

Ukugqiba yonke into kude kube sekupheleni, ufumana ulonwabo lokwenyani - kwelinye icala, woyisile inkqubo, kwaye kwelinye ... ucinge nje yonke imithetho. Ukuphuhlisa into kwindawo entsha, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukuba ngomnye wabokuqala kule ndawo, kuhle ngokwenene. ”

Umboniso wePost-credits

Enyanisweni, eli nqaku likhule kumbuzo omnye olula: ngaba yinyani ukuba uWinnie the Pooh akakho eChina? Kwavela ukuba ikhona. Imifanekiso, iithoyi kwaye zifunyenwe apha naphaya. Kodwa xa mna no-Ivan sizama iimemes zikaGoogle malunga noXi Jinping, asifumananga nto ngaphandle kwemifanekiso emnandi.

umthombo: www.habr.com