Ilayisensi yeeprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo onyanzela abasebenzisi ukuba "bangenzi monakalo"

Hayi Habr! Ndinikezela ingqalelo yakho inguqulelo yenqaku "Iphepha-mvume loMthombo oVulekileyo elifuna ukuba abasebenzisi bangenzi bungozi" nguKlint Finley.

iTshayina isebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuqonda ubuso, ukubala ama-Uyghur Muslim. Umkhosi wase-US usebenzisa iidrones zokubulala abarhanelwa bobunqolobi, kwangaxeshanye abantu abangekho kufutshane. I-US Immigration kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweCustoms - abafana abagcina abantwana kwiikheji kufuphi nomda waseMexico - bathembele kwisofthiwe yonxibelelwano kunye nokulungelelaniswa, njengayo yonke imibutho yanamhlanje.

Umntu kufuneka abhale ikhowudi eyenza konke oku kwenzeke. Ngokwandayo, abaphuhlisi bahlaba ikhwelo kubaqeshi noorhulumente babo ukuba bayeke ukusebenzisa umsebenzi wabo ngeenjongo ezingekho mgangathweni. Abasebenzi bakaGoogle baqinisekise inkampani ukuba iyeke sebenza ekuhlalutyeni ukurekhodwa kwedrone, kwaye urhoxise zonke izicwangciso zokubhida icomputing yamafu yePentagon. Abasebenzi bakaMicrosoft baqhankqalazile intsebenziswano yenkampani kunye namaPolisa oNgenelelo kunye nomkhosi, nangona impumelelo encinci.

Nangona kunjalo, kunzima kakhulu ukuthintela iinkampani okanye oorhulumente ekusebenziseni isoftware esele ibhaliwe, ngakumbi xa le software ikwidomeyini yoluntu. Kwinyanga ephelileyo, umzekelo, uSeth Vargo icime enye yesoftware yam umthombo ovulekileyo osuka koovimba be-intanethi kuqhanqalazo oluchasene nokusetyenziswa kwayo ngamaPolisa oNgenelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ikhowudi yomthombo ovulekileyo inokukhutshelwa ngokukhululekileyo kwaye isasazwe, yonke ikhowudi ekude yayifumaneka ngokukhawuleza kweminye imithombo.

UCoraline Ida Emki ufuna ukunika abanye abadwelisi benkqubo ulawulo olungakumbi malunga nendlela isoftware yabo esetyenziswa ngayo. Isoftware ekhutshwe phantsi kwayo entsha "Ilayisensi ye-Hippocratic" isenokusasazwa kwaye iguqulelwe kuyo nayiphi na injongo, ngaphandle kwesizathu esinye esikhulu: isoftware ayinakusetyenziswa ngabantu, amaqumrhu, oorhulumente, okanye amanye amaqela kwiinkqubo okanye kwimisebenzi eyingozi nangabom ebeka emngciphekweni, ukwenzakalisa, okanye ngenye indlela ebeka emngciphekweni abantu bomzimba. impilo yengqondo okanye yezoqoqosho okanye enye intlalontle yabantu okanye amaqela abantu, ngokuchasene ne-UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Ukuchaza ngokucacileyo ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukwenza ukwenzakala kunzima kwaye kuyaphikisana, kodwa u-Emki unethemba lokuba ukudibanisa le mvume kwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe esele ikhona kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ukungaqiniseki kulo mba. "Isibhengezo samaLungelo oLuntu luxwebhu oluneminyaka engama-70 ubudala olwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwiinkcazo zalo zokwenzakala kunye nokuba yintoni kanye kanye eyenza ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu," utshilo u-Emkey.

Ewe, esi sisindululo esinesibindi, kodwa u-Emki odume ngokuthetha izinto ezinje. Ngo-2014, wabhala inguqulelo yokuqala yemithetho yokuziphatha yeeprojekthi ezivulelekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba “yiNdlela yokuziPhatha yabathathi-nxaxheba.” Ekuqaleni kwahlangatyezwana nokuthandabuza, kodwa ngaphezu kwe-40000 yeeprojekthi zemithombo evulekileyo esele yamkele le mithetho, ukusuka kwi-platform ye-Google ye-TensorFlow AI ukuya kwi-Linux kernel.
Liyinyaniso elokuba, okwangoku, bambalwa abantu abapapasha umbandela phantsi “kweLayisensi yeHippocratic”; noEmki ngokwakhe akakawusebenzisi. Iphepha-mvume lisafuna ukungena kwiimvume ezisemthethweni, apho u-Emki aqeshe khona igqwetha, kunye nemiqobo eyahlukeneyo enokwenzeka, kubandakanywa nendlela yokuhambelana nezinye iilayisensi, eziya kufuneka zijongwe ngandlela-thile.

U-Emkey uyavuma ukuba ukutshintsha indlela iinjineli ezinelayisenisi ngayo umsebenzi wazo akusayi kunqanda ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu ngokwako. Nangona kunjalo, ufuna ukunika abantu isixhobo sokuthintela iinkampani, oorhulumente, okanye amanye amaqumrhu akhohlakeleyo ekusebenziseni ikhowudi yawo ukwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Inyathelo le-Open Source Initiative lathi isoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo "akufuneki icalule abantu okanye amaqela abantu" kwaye "akufunekanga ithintele nabani na ekuzameni ukusebenzisa isoftware kwiindawo ezithile zomsebenzi."

Ingaba ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu “ziindawo ezithile zomsebenzi” kusaza kubonakala (malunga. indlela zininzi impoxo apha), kuba u-Emki akakayingenisi ngokusemthethweni “ilayisensi ye-Hippocratic” kwi-OSI ukuze iqwalaselwe. Nangona kunjalo kwi-tweet kwinyanga ephelileyo Umbutho ubonise ukuba le layisensi ayihambelani nengcaciso yesoftware yasimahla. OSI umseki uBruce Pierence naye wabhala kwiblogi yakheukuba le layisensi ichasene nenkcazo ebonelelwe ngumbutho wabo.

U-Emki unethemba lokumanyanisa uluntu lomthombo ovulekileyo ukucinezela i-OSI ukuba itshintshe inkcazo yabo, okanye yenze entsha. “Ndicinga ukuba inkcazo ye-OSI iphelelwe lixesha,” utshilo u-Emkee. "Okwangoku, indawo evulekileyo yoluntu ayinazo izixhobo zokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yethu, umzekelo, ngabathandi bomoya."

Iinkxalabo zika-Emka kwabelwana ngazo ngabanye abaphuhlisi. UMichael Caferella, umseki we-platform yedatha evulekileyo yomthombo ovulekileyo we-Hadoop, uye wabona izixhobo zakhe ezisetyenziswe ngeendlela engazange azicinge, kubandakanywa ne-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweSizwe. “Kulungile ukuba abantu baqale ukucinga malunga nokuba ngubani osebenzisa isoftware yabo kunye nendlela. Ngokwam, ndinexhala kakhulu malunga nokuphathwa gadalala ngamazwe angenademokhrasi anezixhobo zobunjineli ezibalulekileyo zokutshintsha kunye nokusebenzisa iiprojekthi ezintsha. Andinawo amava ayimfuneko okuchaza ukuba le (Hippocratic License) iya kwanela na ukunqanda ukuxhatshazwa okunje,” utshilo.

Iinzame zokutshintsha iinkcazo zemithombo evulekileyo ukuthatha imiba yokuziphatha kwi-akhawunti inembali ende kunye nempikiswano. U-Emki akakho ngowokuqala ukuzama ukubhala iphepha-mvume elinokuthi lithintele ukusetyenziswa komthombo ovulekileyo ngenjongo yokwenza umonakalo. Ngoko ntanga Usetyenziso lwekhompyutha ye-GPU: iYunithi yokuLungiselela iGlobal yakhululwa ngo-2006 phantsi kwelayisenisi eyalela ukusetyenziswa kwayo emkhosini. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amanyathelo anjalo anempembelelo encinci, kodwa oku kunokutshintsha. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka iiprojekthi ezininzi zesoftware zamkelwe Ilayisensi ye-Anti-996, efuna abasebenzisi ukuba bathobele imigangatho yabasebenzi basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ekuphenduleni iindaba zeemeko zokusebenza ezilizothe kwiinkampani zobuchwepheshe baseTshayina. U-Emkey unethemba lokuba ukuchasana koluntu ngokuchasene namaPolisa okuFudukela e-US, esasazeke ngaphaya kwecandelo letekhnoloji, inokubonisa ukuba yeyona nto iphambili.

Abanye balatha kumathuba okwamkela igama elitsha lekhowudi evulekele ukusetyenziswa ngabanye kodwa ivaliwe kwabanye. "Mhlawumbi kufuneka siyeke ukubiza isoftware yethu 'ivulekile' kwaye siqale ukuyibiza 'ivuleleke kakuhle'," UVargo wabhala kwi-tweet yakhe, lo mdwelisi wenkqubo owacimayo ngaphambili ikhowudi yakhe ngoqhanqalazo oluchasene namaPolisa okuNgenelela.

Igama elithi "isoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo" yamkelwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 njengenye indlela "yesoftware yasimahla", kwaye yayanyaniswa nemiba ethile yeengcamango ngelo xesha. Kwaye ngoku, njengoko abaphuhlisi beba neengcamango ngakumbi, mhlawumbi lixesha lokuba kuvele elinye ixesha.

umthombo: www.habr.com