Inqaku labhalwa ukongeza ngokwesicelo soluntu.
Kweli nqaku siza kuqonda umlingo wamanani kumanani wedesimali. Kwaye qwalasela amanani angamkelwanga kuphela kwi ESKD (INkqubo eManyeneyo yoXwebhu loYilo), ngokunjalo nakwi ESPD (INkqubo eManyeneyo yoXwebhu lweNkqubo) kunye KSAS (I-Seti yemigangatho yeenkqubo ezizenzekelayo), ekubeni iHarb ubukhulu becala iqulethe iingcali ze-IT.
Ngokuhambelana neemfuno ze-ESKD, i-ESPD kunye nemigangatho ye-KSAS, imveliso nganye (inkqubo, inkqubo) kufuneka inikwe igama-inombolo yesishumi.
Ukutyunjwa kunikezelwe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo esekwe kwimigangatho. Oku kwayilwa ngabantu kumaxesha amandulo ukudibanisa nokwenza lula ukuchongwa kweemveliso kunye namaxwebhu, ukugcinwa kweerekhodi kunye noovimba.
Masiyiqonde inkqubo elula yokwabela inani ledesimali ukuze lingabonakali njengesithethe samandulo, kwaye amanani esiwabelweyo akabonakali njengamanani omlingo.
Kwisethi nganye yemigangatho, siya kuqwalasela inkqubo ngokwahlukileyo.
Inkqubo emanyeneyo yoxwebhu loyilo
Kwi-ESKD, inkqubo yokutyunjwa kweemveliso kunye namaxwebhu azo oyilo isekwe ngu .
Imveliso nganye inegama layo elilodwa.
Ukutyunjwa kwemveliso kunokwabelwa ngeendlela ezimbini:
- ibekwe kwindawo embindini - ngaphakathi kwesakhelo somyalelo ogqitywe nguMphathiswa, isebe, ngaphakathi kushishino;
- i-decentralized - ngokuhambelana nemithetho eyamkelwe kumbutho wophuhliso.
Ubume bokutyunjwa kwemveliso kunye noxwebhu oluphambili loyilo luboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
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| Umzobo 1 - Isakhiwo sokutyunjwa kwemveliso |
Ikhowudi yealfabhethi eneedijithi ezine zombutho ophuhlisa amaxwebhu oyilwayo, aqulathe iileta ezifana ne-ABC, yabelwa ngokungqinelana neCodifier yemibutho yophuhliso.
Ukufumana ikhowudi yeedijithi ezine, umbutho wophuhliso kufuneka uqhagamshelane . Nceda uqaphele ukuba le nkonzo ihlawulwe. Umzekelo: I-NVP yeshishini "iBolid" inekhowudi enobumba enamanani amane yombutho wophuhlisi "ACDR", CJSC "Bastion" - "IFIASH«.
Kwiimveliso zoluntu, endaweni yekhowudi enobumba enamanani amane, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ikhowudi evela kwi-All-Russian Classifier of Enterprises and Organizations () ishishini lomphuhlisi. Ikhowudi ye-OKPO (inombolo esibhozo okanye eneedijithi ezilishumi) iyimfuneko enyanzelekileyo kuwo nawuphi na umbutho kwaye itshintsha kuphela xa ishishini litshintsha indlela kunye neenkcukacha zomsebenzi walo, kungenjalo lihlala lingaguquguquki ubomi bonke benkampani.
Ikhowudi yeempawu zokuhlela inikezelwe kwimveliso kunye noxwebhu loyilo ngokuhambelana nomdidi weemveliso kunye namaxwebhu oyilo lobunjineli bomatshini kunye nokwenza izixhobo (ESKD Classifier). Kwi-Russian Federation kukho "I-All-Russian Classifier of Products and Design Documents", , yiseti ecwangcisiweyo yamagama okuhlelwa kwamaqela ezinto zokuhlela - iimveliso zemveliso ephambili kunye neyokuncedisa kuwo onke amacandelo oqoqosho lwesizwe, amaxwebhu obugcisa ngokubanzi kunye neekhowudi zawo kwaye iyinxalenye yeNkqubo eManyeneyo yoHlelo kunye neCoding yoBugcisa. kunye noLwazi lwezoQoqosho.
Uphawu lokuhlela luyinxalenye ephambili yokutyunjwa kwemveliso kunye noxwebhu loyilo. Ikhowudi yeempawu zokuhlela yabelwe ngokwe-ESKD Classifier kwaye inamba enemivo emithandathu echaza ngokulandelelana iklasi (amadijithi amabini okuqala), udidi olusezantsi, iqela, iqela, uhlobo (idijithi enye nganye). Umdidi we-ESKD wakhiwe kusetyenziswa indlela yedesimali yoluhlu, ngokusekelwe kutshintsho oluqiqileyo ukusuka kweqhelekileyo ukuya kweyodwa kwiseti ehlelwayo.
Ulwakhiwo lolwahlulo lwekhowudi yolwakhiwo luloluhlobo lulandelayo:
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| Umzobo 2 – Ulwakhiwo lwekhowudi yeempawu zokwahlulahlula |
Umhleli uhamba kunye neengcebiso ezicacileyo zokukhangela kunye nokumisela ikhowudi yeempawu zokuhlelwa kwemveliso.
Umzekelo, kuya kufuneka umisele ikhowudi yeempawu zokuhlelwa kombane wetshaneli enye kunye nombane wobonelelo we-220V AC, 50Hz, kunye nombane ozinzile we-DC wokuphuma kwe-12V kunye namandla asebenzayo angama-60W.
Okokuqala, kufuneka umisele inombolo yeklasi kwigridi yeeklasi kunye nee-subclasses ngegama lemveliso.
Kule meko, iklasi ifanelekile Iifayile "Ii-Microcircuits, i-semiconductor, i-electrovacuum, i-piezoelectric, izixhobo zombane ze-quantum, izixhasi, izihlanganisi, iziguquli zombane, izixhobo zombane zesibini".
Apho kufuneka ukhethe udidi olusezantsi Ngx "Iinkqubo kunye nemithombo yobonelelo lwamandla esibini".
Ukusebenzisa igridi yamaqela, amaqela amancinci kunye neendidi, kufuneka umisele iqela kudidi olusezantsi olukhethiweyo, ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zesixhobo esenziwayo: 4362XX “Imithombo yombane yesitishi esinye esinenqanaba elinye lamandla ombane atshintshanayo”, iqelana: 43623X "Ngemveliso eqhubekayo ezinzileyo yombane kunye neeparamitha eziphumayo" kwaye jonga: 436234 “Amandla, iW St. I-10 ukuya kwi-100 iquka. amandla ombane, V ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 incl..
Ke ngoko, ikhowudi yokuhlela yonikezelo lwamandla lwetshaneli enye kunye nombane wobonelelo lwe-220V AC kunye ne-frequency ye-50Hz kunye nombane wokuphuma ozinzile we-12V DC kunye namandla asebenzayo angama-60W aya kuba: 436234.
Inombolo yobhaliso lwe-serial yabelwe ngokweempawu zokuhlela ukusuka kwi-001 ukuya kwi-999 ngaphakathi kwekhowudi yombutho womphuhlisi kwimeko yokwabelwa konyulo, kwaye kwimeko yesabelo esisembindini - ngaphakathi kwekhowudi yombutho eyabelwe isabelo esiphakathi.
Umzekelo, le nombolo inokuba yinombolo yesiriyali yokungeniswa kwikhadi lobhaliso lokutyunjwa kwemveliso. Ifom kunye nenkqubo yokugcina ikhadi lokubhalisa ukutyunjwa kusekwe kwiGOST 2.201-80.
Ke ngoko, kumzekelo oqwalaselweyo wokukhetha uphawu lokuhlela, ukutyunjwa kwemveliso kunokujongeka ngolu hlobo:
Ukutyunjwa koxwebhu loyilo olungelulo olungundoqo kufuneka luquka ukutyunjwa kwemveliso kunye nekhowudi yoxwebhu esekwe yimigangatho ye-ESKD, ebhaliweyo ekutyunjweni kwemveliso ngaphandle kwendawo, eyabelwe ngokuhambelana neThebhile 3. I-GOST 2.102-2013 "Iintlobo kunye nokugqibelela kwamaxwebhu oyilo".
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| Umfanekiso wesi-3 – Ukutyunjwa koxwebhu loyilo olungelulo olungundoqo |
Umzekelo, umzobo wesekethe yombane: FIASH.436234.610E3
Ukutyunjwa kweenguqu zemveliso kunye namaxwebhu kwiqela kunye nendlela eyisiseko yokwenza amaxwebhu oyilo, inombolo ye-serial yenguqulo yongezwa kwigama lemveliso ngokusebenzisa i-hyphen. Kwindlela yeqela lokuphumeza amaxwebhu, ukubulawa omnye kufuneka kwamkelwe ngokwemiqathango njengeyona nto iphambili. Uyilo olunjalo kufuneka lube negama elisisiseko kuphela ngaphandle kwenombolo ye-serial yoyilo, umzekelo ATsDR.436234.255. Ngolunye uyilo, inombolo ye-serial yoyilo ukusuka kwi-01 ukuya kwi-98 yongezwa kwi-designation esisiseko. Umzekelo: ATsDR.436234.255-05
Kuvumelekile ukuba ukhethe iinguqulelo kunye nokongezwa kweenombolo ze-serial ezinedijithi ezintathu ukusuka kwi-001 ukuya kwi-999.
Ngoluhlu olukhulu lweemveliso ezineempawu zoyilo eziqhelekileyo, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa inombolo eyongezelelweyo yokuyila, ebhaliweyo ngechaphaza kwaye kufuneka ibe yinombolo enamanani amabini ngaphandle kwe-00. Isakhiwo sokutyunjwa okunjalo iboniswe kuMfanekiso 4.
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| Umzobo 4 – Ukusetyenziswa kwenombolo yokubulawa kunye nenombolo yokubulawa eyongezelelweyo |
Uyilo olusebenzisa inani elongezelelweyo lityunjwe phambi kweempawu eziguquguqukayo (iingubo, iiparitha, ukuphambuka okukhulu, iimeko zokusebenza zemozulu, ukucwangciswa okongeziweyo kwemveliso kunye namacandelo, njl. njl.), ezinokwenzeka kuzo zonke izicwangciso.
Inani lentsebenzo elongezelelweyo kufuneka libe linani elinemivo emibini ngaphandle kwe-00. Inani okanye idijithi nganye inokubonisa uphawu olunye okanye iseti yeempawu ezinxulumeneyo.
Amacandelo amatsha aphuhliswe ezi mveliso axhomekeke kwiimpawu ezifanayo atyunjwe kusetyenziswa inombolo yenguqulo eyongezelelweyo efanayo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ezo nxalenye zinokutyunjwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inombolo eyongezelelweyo yoyilo.
Ukuba kukho inani elongezelelweyo, zonke iinguqulelo kufuneka zichongwe kusetyenziswa inombolo yesiriyeli enamanani amabini ukusuka ku-01 ukuya ku-98.
Amanani okubulala aqhelekileyo kunye nawongezelelweyo abekwe ngokuzimeleyo omnye komnye.
Kwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa uyilo lwangaphambili, kucetyiswa ukuba amaxwebhu okuqala kunye noyilo loyilo atyunjwe ngokwesi sakhiwo silandelayo:
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| Fig.5 – Ukutyunjwa kwamaxwebhu oyilwayo ayidrafti |
Inkqubo emanyeneyo yamaxwebhu enkqubo
Ukutyunjwa kweenkqubo kunye namaxwebhu eprogram abelwe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo .
Ukutyunjwa kweenkqubo kunye namaxwebhu kufuneka kube namaqela abalinganiswa abahlulwe ngamachaphaza (emva kwekhowudi yelizwe kunye nekhowudi yentlangano yomphuhlisi), izithuba (emva kwenombolo yokuhlaziywa koxwebhu kunye nekhowudi yohlobo loxwebhu), kunye ne-hyphens (emva kwenombolo yokubhalisa kunye noxwebhu. inani lolu hlobo).
Inkqubo yobhaliso yokumisela iinkqubo kunye namaxwebhu enkqubo iyasekwa.
Njengoko ESKDngaphakathi ESPD kucacisiwe ukuba ukutyunjwa kwemveliso ngaxeshanye ukutyunjwa koxwebhu lwenkqubo yayo - iinkcukacha.
Ubume bokutyunjwa kwenkqubo kunye noxwebhu lwenkqubo - iinkcukacha ziboniswe kuMfanekiso 6.
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| Umzobo.6 – Ubume benkqubo yokutyunjwa |
Ikhowudi yelizwe yabelwe ngokwemiyalelo , ngelixa ukhetho lwe-encoding (isiLatini, isiCyrillic okanye ikhowudi yedijithali) yenziwe ngumphuhlisi ngokuhambelana nemithetho eyamkelwe yishishini. Kuvumelekile ukusebenzisa ikhowudi yeleta enedijithi ezine okanye ikhowudi ye-OKPO njengekhowudi yombutho wophuhlisi.
I-GOST 19.103 ithi inombolo yobhaliso yeprogram kufuneka inikezelwe ngokuhambelana ne-All-Union Classifier of Programs, kodwa ayizange ipapashwe, ngoko ke ivumelekile ukuba inike loo khowudi ukusuka kwi-00001 ukuya kwi-99999 ngokuhambelana nenkqubo esekwe kuyo. ishishini eliphuhlise inkqubo.
Kwezinye iimeko, ukuvelisa inombolo yobhaliso lweprogram, i-classifier yesiRashiya yonke yeemveliso ngohlobo lomsebenzi wezoqoqosho isetyenziswa .
Inombolo yesiriyali yohlelo lweprogram mayibe kwifomathi ukusuka ku-01 ukuya ku-99.
Umzekelo wokutyunjwa kwenkqubo:
- xa usebenzisa ikhowudi yomphuhlisi enamagama amane:
- ROF.ABVG.62.01.29-01
- 643.ABVG.62.01.29-01
- xa usebenzisa ikhowudi ye-OKPO:
- I-ROF.98765432.62.01.29-01
- RU.98765432.62.01.29-01
- RUS.98765432.62.01.29-01
- 643.98765432.62.01.29-01
Ulwakhiwo lokumiselwa kwamanye amaxwebhu enkqubo luboniswe kuMfanekiso 7:
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| Umzobo 7 – Ubume bokutyunjwa kwamanye amaxwebhu enkqubo |
Inombolo yesiriyeli yokuhlaziywa koxwebhu kufuneka ibe nefomathi ukusuka ku-01 ukuya ku-99. Ikhowudi yohlobo loxwebhu inikezelwe ngokuhambelana neThebhile 4. . Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uxwebhu lunikwe inombolo yoxwebhu olulolu hlobo ngokunyuka komyalelo ukusuka kwi-01 ukuya kwi-99, kunye nenombolo yoxwebhu ngokunyuka kwe-1 ukuya kwi-9.
Imizekelo yokutyunjwa koxwebhu "Incwadana yoMsebenzi" (olwesibini uxwebhu lwale nkqubo, inxalenye yesi-3):
- РОФ.АБВГ.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- 643.АБВГ.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- РОФ.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- RU.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- RUS.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- 643.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
Inguqulelo yokugqibela yenkqubo yokutyumba esetyenzisiweyo yeenkqubo kunye namaxwebhu enkqubo kufuneka igqitywe ngumphuhlisi kumaxwebhu olawulo lwangaphakathi.
Iseti yemigangatho yeenkqubo ezizenzekelayo
Ukwenziwa kwenombolo ye-decemal ye-automated system kufuneka kufunwe kuyo .
Ngokuhambelana neGOST, uxwebhu ngalunye oluphuhlisiwe kufuneka lunikezelwe ukutyunjwa okuzimeleyo. Uxwebhu olwenziwa kubathwali bedatha abahlukeneyo kufuneka lube negama elifanayo. Ileta "M" yongezwa ekutyunjweni kwamaxwebhu enziwe kumajelo ekhompyutheni.
Uxwebhu olubhaliweyo lunolwakhiwo lulandelayo:
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| Umzobo we-8 - Ubume bokutyunjwa kwamaxwebhu kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo |
Ubume bokutyunjwa kwenkqubo ezenzekelayo okanye inxalenye yayo inefomu:
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| Umzobo we-9 - Isakhiwo sokutyunjwa kwenkqubo ezenzekelayo okanye inxalenye yayo |
I-GOST iphakamisa ukukhetha ikhowudi yombutho womphuhlisi ngokuhambelana ne-All-Union Classifier of Enterprises, Institutions and Organizations (OKPO) ngokwemigaqo esekwe ngamaxwebhu aqhelekileyo kunye nobugcisa boshishino. Okwangoku, ayiloxwebhu lwe-All-Union oluphelelwe lixesha ekufuneka lusetyenziswe, kodwa udidi lwesiRashiya-i-OKPO. Kwakhona kuvumelekile ukusebenzisa ikhowudi yeeleta ezine ezivela kwi-Federal State Unitary Enterprise "STANDARTINFORM" njengekhowudi yombutho wophuhlisi.
Ikhowudi yokuhlelwa kwesixokelelwano kufuneka ikhethwe kuyo , eyathatha indawo ye-classifier yemveliso ye-Union ekhankanywe kwi-GOST 34.201-89, kunye ne-classifier yemveliso ye-Russian yonke (OKP), eyachithwa ngoJanuwari 01, i-2017.
Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ikhowudi yeempawu zokuhlelwa kwe-OKPD2 inokukhethwa ngegama lezinto ezizenzekelayo, umzekelo: 26.51.43.120 - iinkqubo zolwazi zombane, ukulinganisa kunye ne-computing complexes kunye nofakelo lokulinganisa ubuninzi bombane kunye nemagnethi (for umzekelo, ulwazi oluzenzekelayo kunye nenkqubo yokulinganisa yokulinganisa umbane worhwebo (AIIS KUE)), 70.22.17 - iinkonzo zolawulo lwenkqubo yoshishino (BP ACS); 26.20.40.140 - izixhobo zokhuseleko lolwazi, kunye nolwazi kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezikhuselweyo kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokhuseleko lolwazi (ii-portals ze-Intanethi zolwazi).
Kwakhona, i-GOST 34.201-89 iphakamisa ukusebenzisa i-classifier ye-Union ye-subsystems kunye ne-complex yemisebenzi yeenkqubo zokulawula ezizenzekelayo (OKPKZ) ukunika uphawu oluchaziweyo. Lo mlinganiso uyekile ukusebenza kwi-Russian Federation, kwaye akukho nto iphuhlisiwe kuyo. Ngoko ke, ngoku akukho ndlela yimbi yokukhetha iimpawu zohlelo lwenkqubo ezenzekelayo ngokwe OKPD2.
Inombolo yobhaliso ye-serial yenkqubo (inxalenye yenkqubo) inikezelwa yinkonzo yentlangano yomphuhlisi, ojongene nokugcina isalathiso sekhadi kunye nokutyunjwa kokurekhoda. Iinombolo zobhaliso zabelwe ukusuka ku-001 ukuya ku-999 kwikhowudi yeempawu zohlelo ngalunye.
Ikhowudi yoxwebhu iqulathe oonobumba ababini bealphanumeric kwaye yahlulwe kwindlela yokuchongwa ngechaphaza. Ikhowudi yamaxwebhu achazwe ngulo mgangatho ifakwe ngokuhambelana nekholomu 3 yeThebhile 2. Ikhowudi yamaxwebhu ongezelelweyo yenziwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: uphawu lokuqala luyileta ebonisa uhlobo loxwebhu ngokweThebhile 1, uphawu lwesibini luyinombolo okanye ileta ebonisa inombolo ye-serial yolu hlobo.
Izithuba ezishiyekileyo zibandakanyiwe kuxwebhu lokutyunjwa ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Uthotho lwamanani amaxwebhu egama elinye (abalinganiswa aba-2) babelwa ukuqala kwesibini kwaye bahlulwe kubizo lwangaphambili ngechaphaza.
Inombolo yohlaziyo yoxwebhu yabelwe ukuqala kwisibini ngokunyuka komyalelo ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-9, kwaye ihlukaniswe kwixabiso langaphambili ngechaphaza. Inombolo yohlelo olulandelayo yabelwe iimeko apho uhlelo lwangaphambili lugcinwayo (alucinywanga).
Inombolo yenxalenye yoxwebhu yahlulwe kubizo lwangaphambili ngeqhagamshela. Ukuba uxwebhu luqukethe inxalenye enye, ngoko i-hyphen ayifakwanga kwaye inombolo yecandelo loxwebhu alabelwe.
Uphawu lophawu loxwebhu olwenziweyo kwimidiya yekhompyuter lungeniswa ukuba kuyimfuneko. Unobumba “M” wohlulwe kubizo lwangaphambili ngechaphaza.
Ke, igama elithi AIIS KUE linokubonakala ngolu hlobo:
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012
Umzekelo wokutyunjwa koxwebhu "Imiyalelo yeTekhnoloji" (uxwebhu lwesithathu lolu hlobo, uhlelo lwesibini, inxalenye yesi-5, eyenziwe ngekhompyutha):
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012.I2.03.02.05M
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012.I2.03.02.05M
Umzobo wesakhiwo sobuchule beendlela zobugcisa (ekuphela koxwebhu lolu hlobo njengenxalenye yeprojekthi, ushicilelo olulodwa, kwicandelo elinye, elipapashwe ephepheni):
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012.S1
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012.S1
isiphelo
Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuchonga ekhethekileyo eyamkelekileyo kumbutho ophuhlisayo. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuba ngaphandle kweenkcazo ezikhethekileyo le nkqubo ayiyi kuqondakala nakubani na. Inkqubo echaziweyo yokwabela ukutyunjwa kweemveliso kunye namaxwebhu ngokuhambelana nemigangatho inokucaciswa nayiphi na ingcali (umyili, umqambi, umdwelisi).
Le mithombo ilandelayo isetyenzisiwe xa kubhalwa eli nqaku:
umthombo: www.habr.com