Eyona nto iphambili. Abasebenzi abahloniphekileyo. Inoveli yebhayografi

Indlu yokupapasha "Ithala leencwadi leProletarian".

Kule noveli, umbhali uya kusixelela ngekamva elinzima labasebenzi bophuhliso loshishino.

Kubasebenzi abahloniphekileyo kunye nophuhliso lobudlelwane bomntu ebusweni bokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.

Ndicebisa. /*Umgxeki*/

Zonke izinto ezenzekayo azizenzekelanga.

I-C ++ inobuntu obuyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yobuntwana obunzima. Wakhulela kwiminyaka engama-80 elambileyo, kwaye ukhumbula ukuba kaninzi kangakanani kwakungekho ndawo yaneleyo nakwiisimboli. Oku kwamcaphukisa kwaye kwanika ubukhali kwi-syntax yakhe. Ngokufuthi enxilile, wayethanda ukugibisela ii-segfouls, ukwaphula iifestile, nokudubula abadlula ngendlela emilenzeni. Kwakungekho mntu unokuqiqa naye, kuba utatomkhulu wakhe, i-K&R C ehlonitshwayo, wothukile eVietnam kwaye wayedla ngokuthatha inxaxheba kulonwabo lomzukulwana wakhe.

U-C++ akamkhumbuli uyise, kuphela ukuba igama lakhe lalingu-"C with Classes" kwaye wafa ngenxa yokugqithisa. UTatomkhulu wathetha kakubi ngonyana wakhe okuphela kwakhe. Uphendule imibuzo yomzukulwana wakhe ngokuthandabuza: "Uyichole, uyazi, ezinye iiklasi ... Kwaye ulapho ... Ndikhumbula ngexesha lam i-615 bytes ezintathu ... " Malunga nomama , kuncinci okwaziwayo, nangona abanye bathi ekukhawulweni kweqhawe lethu ngaphandle kweSimula ethile.

Ngaphandle kokunyelisa unyana wakhe kunye nomzukulwana ngokuthanda kwakhe iiklasi, utatomkhulu uXi ngokwakhe wahlala ngokusondeleyo kwiimpawu ixesha elide. Wayibiza ngokuba “i-pointer arithmetic” waza wathi yonke loo nto yayiyinxalenye yentanda-bulumko yakhe, nto leyo eyayimvumela ukuba abe kufutshane nobume bezinto ezimngqongileyo. Ebengafane avele esidlangalaleni mva nje. Abanye bade bathi ixhego labhubha kudala, hayi hayi, kwezinye iindawo umkhondo wakhe ububonwa ebusuku. Kwakukho isibane esophukileyo, kukho umntu odlula ngendlela edutyulwe emlenzeni, kukho isithinteli sokuphuphuma...

Kodwa ndabona umalume wam uClassical C, kunye nomzala wam u-C-99..11, C ++ rhoqo. Intsapho yonke xa iyonke yayingathandani. Kodwa ukusebenza kunye nokuhlala kunye kubanyanzele ukuba bahlale ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sesivumelwano se-API. Ubhuti Xi noyise banyanzelise ukuba ngabona bakhawulezayo ukudubula ezinyaweni zabantu abadlula ngendlela, ngokungafaniyo nabathandi bodidi. U-C++ akavumanga. Kodwa nangona wayesithi ayingoyena mdubuli umbi, entliziyweni yakhe wayeqonda ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinjenge-OOP kwakungelolize. Wayesoloko ekhathazwa yi-inferiority complex. Ukuze ayilahle, waqalisa ukuba nenxaxheba kwimilinganiselo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphambi kokuphinda ulayishe isibhamu, i-C ++ yayiza kuncipha, kwaye ke yonke intsapho yayiza kujongana ngovelwano, ize ihleke emva komqolo.

Izihlobo zakhe zazingazi ukuba i-C ++ yayiza kuhamba ngaphezu koyise ongasekhoyo. Ukongeza kwi-OOP, waba nomdla kwiiTemplates. Emva kokusebenzisa iiTemplates ixesha elide, waqaphela ukuba naluphi na ukhuphiswano lokudubula lunokuphumelela ngokudubula ijaji emlenzeni ngaphambi kokuqala. I-C ++ yamkelwa ngamxhelo mnye njengentshatsheli ye-metaprogramming kwaye yayingasavunyelwa ukuba ikhuphisane. Kodwa oko akuzange kumthintele. Wagalela kwiiklabhu zengxoxo zeengqondi neentanda-bulumko zasekuhlaleni kwaye wafuna ukuqatshelwa kwakhe njenge-PL esebenzayo. U-Hasclell kunye no-Lisp baye babaleka bemka besoyika le thug exhobe ngezalathisi kunye nokuchwetheza okuyekelelayo. Kodwa bekungekho ndawo unokuya kuyo, awunakukwazi ukuphikisana nomntu osebenzisa i-OOP exutywe neeTemplates kwaye othanda ukudubula emilenzeni. Yile ndlela iqhawe lethu laba yi-multi-paradigm.

Kodwa uC ++ akazange abe nexesha elide lokuhlala encotsheni yodumo loyena mdubuli ubalaseleyo esixekweni. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-PLO yayeka ukuba yinto yokugculelwa, kwaye ukukrokra kwabantu abadala kwakungasahoywa. Ide yaba sefashonini. Abantu abaninzi babethanda ukuzibandakanya kwiiklasi ngamaxesha ... kwaye isizukulwana esitsha sakhula sahluke ngokupheleleyo ...

UJava waba ngowokuqala ukuzivakalisa. Wenqaba ngenkani isidingo sokudubula ngokukhawuleza emilenzeni kwaye wagxininisa ukuba ixabiso eliphambili licacile ... kunye nezinto ... akukho nto ngaphandle kwezinto. Inyaniso, eneneni, waxuba izinto kunye neeklasi, esongeza izinto zokuqala kule cocktail, engazange imthintele ukuba azazise ngokuthi "Owokuqala ojoliswe kwinjongo epheleleyo". Kwakukho amahemuhemu ukuba uJava ngunyana ongekho mthethweni kaMalume C ovela kwintombazana engaziwayo ye-OOP. Kwaye umntu waxoxa ukuba i-C ++ inokuthi ibandakanyeke apha. Indlela eyenzeka ngayo ayaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa uJava wakhulela kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ye-Oracle Corporation. Ukuthintela ulwimi olutsha ekwenzeni into embi aze athathe indlela yokumdubula emilenzeni yakhe, iinjineli zeOracle zenza i-lobotomy kuye ngoxa wayeselapho kwindawo yokukhusela zaza zamnqumla iminwe yakhe. Xa umntwana ekhulile kancinane, abagcini abanenkathalo abazange bamvumele ukuba athathe inyathelo elisondeleyo kwihlabathi lobomi bomntu omdala, kwiimpawu, ezifihla ngononophelo ezinzulwini zomatshini wenyani. Ukongeza, iJava yafundiswa ngononophelo ukuba ukudubula nabani na kubi, kwaye izixhobo kufuneka zivaliwe ngokubanzi. Ukuqhelana ngokusondeleyo nobukomanisi kwasebuntwaneni kwaba nefuthe elihle kwiJava kwaye wakhawuleza wabamba zonke izikhundla ezihloniphekileyo kuphuhliso lweshishini. Kwakubonakala ngathi iintsuku zesiphithiphithi esingalawulekiyo zidlulile, iminyaka yophuhliso lweqela elungelelaniswe kakuhle yayifikile, kwaye ukudubula ummelwane wakho ezinyaweni kube yisimilo esibi.

Igutyungelwe ngumthunzi, uC++ wazama ukuzitsalela kunye kunye nokuhamba kunye namaxesha, ebolisa i-laser ebonwa kumpu wokulayisha imilomo kwaye ezama ukufaka ubukrelekrele kwizikhombisi. Akuzange kuncede kangako, ngenxa yokulityalwa ngabaninzi, wazifica ngokunxila ngokuqhubekayo kunye nobuthongo obude.

Kwaye ngaphandle kwefestile, iJava yayisele isilwa idabi kunye notshaba olutsha olunamandla. I-C # yayisisiqhamo somxube wemfuza we-C ++ kunye neJava. Kusekho amahemuhemu okuba iijini zeJava zifunyenwe kolu vavanyo ngendlela enganyanisekanga, kwaye ngelo xesha kwaqhambuka ihlazo elincinci malunga noku. Kodwa idalwe ziinjineli ezisuka kwelinye iqumrhu elinamandla, elijolise ngokupheleleyo kwinjongo, lizuza izinto ezininzi zeC ++, iC # yazalelwa ukucela umngeni kwiJava kwaye ikwazile ukukhusela ilungelo layo lokubakho kwihlabathi elirhabaxa leshishini. Ukuze akwazi ukoyisa iJava, abadali bamnika iitemplates, i-OOP kunye nezalathisi (nangona babethelelwe ukuba bazisebenzise ngononophelo).

I-padawan encinci yangena edabini kunye nesiqhwala se-lobotomized kwaye ngo-2020 yamtyhalela ngasemva malunga nesiqingatha ...

Ixesha alizange lime kwaye ukuveliswa kwemvelo kuye kwaphuma kwifashoni. Ngoku kwakukholelwa ukuba ukuba awuzange udalwe kwibhubhoratri yenkampani ethile, awusoze uphumelele. Yile ndlela iJavaScript, Go, Rust kunye nabanye abaninzi bavele ngayo. Ndineentloni ukunika ibhayografi yeyokuqala apha; Ndiza kuzikhawulela kwinto yokuba umfundi kufuneka azi ukuba wazalwa enesithulu esingaboniyo ngeschizophrenic, kodwa ngenxa yothando lwabanye abantu wakwazi ukuzoyisa zonke ezi. iintsilelo kwaye ube lifanasini transgender. Wayengazi ukuba adubule njani, kodwa wayelungile ekuziseni umzuzu wokucotha okuhle kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi naphi na apho wayethathwa khona. Njengoko uJS wayekhula, waqaphela ukubizwa kwakhe njengomyili wamaqhosha anemibala kunye neepowusta. Ukusukela ngoko, kuye koyikeka ukuphuma phandle; imfumba yeebhena ezineasidi kunye namaqhosha ekhwelo azalisa yonke into ejikelezileyo. Ukuba abaqeshwa bakudala bamkhalimele ngale nto, uJS waqalisa ukudanduluka kakhulu esithi wayephinde acinezelwe ngabantu abangendawo abathandana nesini esahlukileyo. Kodwa oku kuyinxalenye kuphela yazo zonke iingxaki. U-JS weza nabahlobo bakhe kwihlabathi lophuhliso. Iindevu eziluhlaza, kunye neenwele ezidayiweyo, kwii-scooters ... Yena ngokwakhe wayehlala ethatha yonke indawo ekhoyo kunye nememori, kwaye oku kukwiimeko zekhulu lama-21, xa kubonakala ngathi wonke umntu kufuneka abe ngokwaneleyo kudala. !

Kodwa nalapha akukho bani usenako ukumngcikiva. I-JS, ekuphenduleni, yaqala ukuthetha ukuba wonke umntu kufuneka abe ngumzimba ophilileyo kwaye alingane kwakudala, kwaye akunandaba nokuba ungakanani imemori oyidlayo kunye nendawo oyithathayo. “Bonke abasebenzi babalulekile, bonke abasebenzi babalulekile, bonke abasebenzi bayalingana,” utshilo uJS. Olunye uphuhliso oluphawulekayo nge-JS kukuba yehlise umda wokungena ukuya kutsho ku-zero. Bathi emva koku, ngenxa yentlungu, utatomkhulu uXi wazixhoma kwigunjana lakhe nge5x5 kilobytes. Nangona kunjalo, i-JS isendle, ngoko lumka, lumka!

Abadali beGo bagqiba ekubeni bagqithise abadali beJava. Kwanasesibelekweni, batshintshe inxalenye yeentambo ze-DNA kunye ne-hamster kumntwana wabo ... Kwaye ke banqumle iminwe kuphela, kodwa kunye neendlebe kunye neempumlo, phantsi kwesizathu sokuba iimpawu zomntu ngamnye azidingeki. yaye wonke umntu ufanele afane omnye nomnye, ukuze angabhidaniswa bubuntu bakhe . Ifashoni ye-OOP ipasile, kwaye uGo akafumananga ziklasi okanye iitemplates. Kodwa bamnika goroutines. Yile ndlela ahlala ngayo unanamhla, exhasa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.

Ixesha elide, abanye abathandanayo bacamngca ngobume be-bacchanalia eqhubekayo, de bafikelwe kukuphefumlelwa. Emva koko, bavelisa inkqubo ehambelanayo yonqulo neyentanda-bulumko, beyibiza ngokuba yingcamango yobunini, baza bazala uRust. Umhlwa wahlukaniswa ngokuthembeka nokunyaniseka kwimigaqo eyamiselwa ukususela ebuntwaneni. Ukuba wabelwa ukuba enze into ethile, wayengayenzi de aqiniseke ukuba akayi kwenzakalisa mntu. Kodwa ukuze ayalele uRust, kwakufuneka aqonde ingcamango yokuba nempahla kunye necheki yokuboleka. Bathi emva koku inqanaba lokungena linyuke nge-15,37%.

Ngelixa iilwimi ezintsha zanda njengamakhowa emva kwemvula, ezindala zakhula ngamandla. UJava ufumene iprosthetics ngohlobo lwegenerics kunye neelambdas ezibiwe kwiPhilosophical Club ebizwa ngegama. Prof. Haskell. Ndifumene i-lambdas efanayo kum kwi-C #, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ndafumana unkosikazi ogama linguLinq. IJava ayizange ishiye ngasemva kwaye yazisa i-Stream API. Kodwa i-C # yenza intshukumo engalindelekanga, ikhupha i-async / ilindele ukujula iimela kwaye ilahle ibhloko enzima. UJava, kwinkqubo yokubaleka emva kwembangi yakhe encinci, waba njengerobhothi eguqulayo eyenziwe ngeebhloko ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye izinto zaziwa. Kwakule meko apho uC ++ ovuswe ngequbuliso wafumana umhlaba. Ngokukhawuleza wenza i-lambdas yakhe kunye ne-automatic type inference. Ngoku i-C # kunye neJava ziye zabuya ngokothuka kumbono onjalo. Ngombono we-laser ofakwe kumpu wakhe ngeteyiphu eluhlaza, ikepusi eorenji eneeglasi ezimnyama kunye nezembe elijingayo kumtya wamagxa, uC++ ukhuthaze uloyiko lokwenene kubo bonke ababemjongile. Abanye, ngaphandle kwenkumbulo yakudala, babambe amadolo abo ngokuzithandela...

Nibe nosuku oluhle nonke. Ukuba uyayithanda, ndiza kubhala ulandelelwano malunga nabasebenzi kwishishini lezenzululwazi kunye nefilosofi.

umthombo: www.habr.com