Molweni nonke. Emva koko Iinyanga ezintandathu zidlulile, ngeli xesha ndakwazi ukuthetha kwiinkomfa ezimbini kwaye ndinike iintetho kwisihloko solawulo lolwazi kwiinkampani ezimbini ezinkulu ze-IT. Ukunxibelelana nabalingane, ndaqonda ukuba kwi-IT kusenokwenzeka ukuthetha malunga nolawulo lolwazi kwinqanaba "lokuqala", okanye kunoko, ukuqonda nje ukuba ulawulo lolwazi luyimfuneko naliphi na isebe lanoma yiphi inkampani. Namhlanje kuya kubakho ubuncinci bamava am - ndingathanda ukuqwalasela imigangatho ekhoyo yamazwe ngamazwe kwinkalo yolawulo lolwazi.
Masiqale ngeyona brand idumileyo kwinkalo yomgangatho - ISO. Khawufane ucinge, kukho umgangatho ohlukeneyo ozinikeleyo kwiinkqubo zolawulo lolwazi (ISO 30401:2018). Kodwa namhlanje andinakuhlala kuyo. Ngaphambi kokuqonda "indlela" inkqubo yokulawula ulwazi kufuneka ijonge kwaye isebenze, kufuneka uvume ukuba, ngokomgaqo, kuyimfuneko.
Makhe sithathe umzekelo ISO 9001: 2015 (Iinkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho). Njengoko igama libonisa, lo ngumgangatho ozinikeleyo kwiinkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho. Ukuze uqinisekiswe kulo mgangatho, umbutho kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo zoshishino kunye nemveliso kunye / okanye iinkonzo ziselubala kwaye zingenamthungo. Ngamanye amazwi, isatifikethi sithetha ukuba yonke into kwinkampani yakho isebenza ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokucokisekileyo, uyayiqonda imingcipheko eyenziwa ngumbutho wangoku weenkqubo, uyazi indlela yokulawula le mingcipheko, kwaye uzama ukuyinciphisa.
Ulawulo lolwazi lunento yokwenza nayo? Nantsi into enokuyenza ngayo:
7.1.6 Ulwazi lombutho
Umbutho uya kumisela ulwazi olufunekayo ekusebenzeni iinkqubo kunye nokufezekisa ukuhambelana kweemveliso kunye neenkonzo.
Ulwazi kufuneka lulondolozwe kwaye lwenziwe lufumaneke ukusa kumlinganiselo ofunekayo.
Xa kuqwalaselwa utshintsho lweemfuno kunye neendlela, umbutho kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ulwazi olukhoyo kwaye unqume indlela yokufumana okanye ukunika ukufikelela kulwazi olongezelelweyo kunye nokuhlaziya.
QAPHELA 1: Ulwazi lombutho lulwazi oluthe ngqo kumbutho; ubukhulu becala ithathwe kumava.
Ulwazi lulwazi olusetyenziswayo nolwetshintshiswayo ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo zombutho.
QAPHELA 2 Isiseko solwazi lombutho sisenokuba:
a) imithombo yangaphakathi (umzekelo. ulwazi olufunyenwe kumava; izifundo ezifunyenwe kwiiprojekthi ezingaphumelelanga okanye eziphumeleleyo; ukuqokelelwa kunye nokutshintshiselana ngolwazi olungabhalwanga namava; iziphumo zenkqubo, imveliso kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkonzo);
b) imithombo yangaphandle (umz. imigangatho, izifundiswa, iinkomfa, ulwazi olufunyenwe kubathengi kunye nababoneleli bangaphandle).
Kwaye ngezantsi, kwizihlomelo:
Iimfuno zolwazi lombutho ziye zaziswa:
a) ukukhusela umbutho ekulahlekeni kolwazi, umzekelo ngenxa:
- inguqu yabasebenzi;
- ukungakwazi ukufumana kunye nokutshintshiselana ngolwazi;
b) ukukhuthaza umbutho ukuba ufumane ulwazi, umzekelo ngokwenza oku:
- ukufunda ngokwenza;
- ukufundisa;
- ukulinganisa.
Ke, umgangatho we-ISO kwinkalo yolawulo lomgangatho uthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wemisebenzi yalo, ishishini kufuneka libandakanyeke kulawulo lolwazi. Kulungile, ayikho enye indlela - "kufuneka". Kungenjalo nonconformity, kwaye sala kakuhle. Le nyaniso yodwa ibonakala ibonisa ukuba oku akusiyo inkalo yokuzikhethela kwintlangano, njengoko ulawulo lolwazi kwi-IT luhlala luphathwa, kodwa icandelo elinyanzelekileyo leenkqubo zoshishino.
Ngaphezu koko, umgangatho uchaza ukuba yeyiphi imingcipheko yokulawulwa kolwazi eyenzelwe ukuphelisa. Enyanisweni, zicacile.
Makhe sicinge ... hayi, akunjalo - nceda ukhumbule imeko yomsebenzi wakho xa ubufuna ngokwenene ulwazi oluthile lomsebenzi, kwaye umthwali wayo kuphela ngelo xesha wayekwiholide / uhambo loshishino, wayeka inkampani ngokupheleleyo, okanye wayegula nje. . Uyakhumbula? Ndicinga ukuba phantse sonke kuye kwafuneka sijongane nale nto. Waziva njani ngelo xesha?
Ukuba emva kwexesha elithile abalawuli beSebe bajonga ukusilela ukufikelela kwimihla ebekiweyo yeprojekthi, ngokuqinisekileyo baya kufumana umntu abanokumgxeka kwaye bazole kuloo nto. Kodwa kuwe buqu, ngeli xesha ufuna ulwazi, ukuqonda ukuba "i-RM inetyala, ngubani oye e-Bali kwaye akashiyanga miyalelo xa unemibuzo." Ewe nguye obekekβ ityala. Kodwa oku akuyi kukunceda ukusombulula ingxaki yakho.
Ukuba ulwazi lubhalwe kwinkqubo efikelelekayo kubantu abanokuyidinga, ngoko ibali "lokuphumla" elichazwe liba lingenakwenzeka. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqhubela phambili kweenkqubo zoshishino kuqinisekiswa, oku kuthetha ukuba iholide, ukuhamba kwabasebenzi kunye neyona nto eyaziwayo yebhasi ayisisongelo kwishishini - umgangatho wemveliso / wenkonzo uya kuhlala ukwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo.
Ukuba inkampani ineqonga lokutshintshiselana kunye nokugcina ulwazi kunye namava, kwaye yenze inkcubeko (umkhwa) wokusebenzisa eli qonga, abasebenzi akufuneki balinde iintsuku ezininzi ukuze bafumane impendulo evela kumlingane (okanye ukukhangela iintsuku ezininzi. kulo mlingane) kwaye yibambe imisebenzi yakho.
Kutheni ndithetha ngomkhwa? Ngenxa yokuba akwanelanga ukwenza isiseko solwazi ukuze abantu baqalise ukuyisebenzisa. Sonke siqhele ukukhangela iimpendulo kwimibuzo yethu kuGoogle, kwaye sihlala sinxulumanisa i-intranethi kunye nezicelo zeholide kunye neebhodi zezaziso. Asinawo umkhwa "wokukhangela ulwazi malunga nezakhelo ze-Agile" (umzekelo) kwi-intranet. Ngoko ke, nokuba sinesiseko solwazi esibanda kakhulu kwisekondi enye, akukho mntu uya kuqalisa ukuyisebenzisa okwesibini (okanye nakwinyanga ezayo) - akukho mkhwa. Ukutshintsha imikhwa yakho kubuhlungu kwaye kutya ixesha. Ayinguye wonke umntu oyilungeleyo le nto. Ngokukodwa ukuba "basebenze ngendlela efanayo" iminyaka eyi-15. Kodwa ngaphandle koku, iphulo lolwazi lwenkampani liya kusilela. Yiyo loo nto iingcali ze-KM zinxibelelanisa ulawulo lolwazi kunye nolawulo lotshintsho.
Kukwafanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo kwinto yokuba "Xa uqwalasela utshintsho lweemfuno kunye neendlela, intlangano kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ulwazi lwayo olukhoyo ...", i.e. phuhlisa inkcubeko yokubhekisa kumava angaphambili xa usenza izigqibo kwihlabathi eliguqukayo. Kwaye qaphela kwakhona "kufuneka".
Ngendlela, lo mhlathi omncinci womgangatho uthetha kakhulu ngamava. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa kuziwa kulawulo lolwazi, i-stereotypes iqala ukuphakamisa umfanekiso wesiseko solwazi kunye namakhulu amaxwebhu abekwe ngendlela yeefayile (imimiselo, iimfuno). Kodwa i-ISO ithetha ngamava. Ulwazi olufunyenwe kumava adlulileyo enkampani kwaye ngamnye wabasebenzi bayo yintoni ekuvumela ukuba uphephe umngcipheko wokuphinda iimpazamo, ngokukhawuleza wenze izigqibo ezinenzuzo kwaye wenze imveliso entsha. Kwiinkampani ezininzi ezivuthiweyo kwinkalo yolawulo lolwazi (kubandakanywa nesiRashiya, ngendlela), ulawulo lolwazi luthathwa njengendlela yokwandisa i-capitalisation yenkampani, ukudala iimveliso ezintsha, ukuphuhlisa iingcamango ezintsha kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo. Esi ayisosiseko solwazi, yindlela yokwenza izinto ezintsha. Isinceda siqonde oku ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe Isikhokelo se-PMBOK se-PMI.
PMB Kulungile sisikhokelo kumzimba wolwazi ngolawulo lweprojekthi, incwadi ye-PM. Ushicilelo lwesithandathu (2016) lwesi sikhokelo lwazisa icandelo lolawulo lohlanganiso lweprojekthi, eliquka icandelwana lolawulo lolwazi lweprojekthi. Lo mhlathi wenziwa "ngokusekelwe kwizimvo ezivela kubasebenzisi bencwadana", i.e. yaba yimveliso yamava ekusebenziseni iinguqulelo zangaphambili zesikhokelo kwiimeko zokwenyani. Kwaye inyaniso yayifuna ulawulo lolwazi!
Isiphumo esiphambili sento entsha yi "Register of Lessons Learned" (kwinqanaba le-ISO elichazwe ngasentla, ngendlela, likhankanywe kwakhona). Ngaphezu koko, ngokutsho kwabaphathi, ukuqulunqwa kwale rejista kufuneka kuqhutywe kulo lonke ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi, kwaye kungekhona ekugqityweni kwayo, xa kufika ixesha lokuhlalutya umphumo. Ngokombono wam, oku kufana kakhulu ne-retrospectives kwi-agile, kodwa ndiya kubhala isithuba esahlukileyo malunga nale nto. Umbhalo weverbatim kwi-PMBOK ufundeka ngolu hlobo:
Ulawulo lolwazi lweprojekthi yinkqubo yokusebenzisa ulwazi olukhoyo kunye nokudala ulwazi olutsha ukufezekisa iinjongo zeprojekthi kunye nokukhuthaza ukufunda kwintlangano
Ummandla wolwazi lolawulo lokuhlanganiswa kweprojekthi ufuna ukudityaniswa kweziphumo ezifunyenwe kuzo zonke ezinye iinkalo zolwazi.
Iindlela ezivelayo kwiinkqubo zokudibanisa ziquka, kodwa aziphelelanga koku:
...
β’ Ulawulo lolwazi lweprojekthi
Ukukhula okushukumayo nokutshintsha kwemo yabasebenzi kukwafuna inkqubo engqongqo ngakumbi yokuchaza ulwazi kumjikelezo wobomi beprojekthi kwaye lugqithiselwe kubaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo ukuze ulwazi lungalahleki.
***
Iinzuzo eziphambili zale nkqubo kukuba ulwazi olufunyenwe ngaphambili lombutho lusetyenziselwa ukufumana okanye ukuphucula iziphumo zeprojekthi, kwaye ulwazi olufunyenwe kwiprojekthi yangoku luhlala lukhona ukuxhasa imisebenzi yombutho kunye neeprojekthi zexesha elizayo okanye izigaba zayo. Le nkqubo iyaqhubeka kuyo yonke iprojekthi.
Andizukukopa-ukuncamathisela lonke icandelo elikhulu lencwadana apha. Unokuziqhelanisa nayo kwaye wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Ezi zicatshulwa zichazwe ngasentla, ngokoluvo lwam, zanele. Kum kubonakala ngathi ubukho beenkcukacha ezinjalo kumsebenzi we-PM wokulawula ulwazi lweprojekthi sele ibonisa ukubaluleka kwalo mba xa usebenza kwiiprojekthi. Ngendlela, ndihlala ndisiva ithisisi: "Ngubani ofuna ulwazi lwethu kwamanye amasebe?" Ndiyathetha, ngubani ofuna ezi zifundo zifundwe?
Ngapha koko, kuhlala kubonwa ukuba iyunithi izijonga "njengeyunithi kwindawo engenanto." Apha sikunye nethala leencwadi lethu, kodwa kukho inkampani iphela, kwaye ulwazi malunga nethala leencwadi lethu alunamsebenzi kuye. Malunga nethala leencwadi - mhlawumbi. Kuthekani ngeenkqubo ezihamba neli nqaku?
Umzekelo ongenamsebenzi: ngexesha lomsebenzi kwiprojekthi kwakukho intsebenziswano kunye nekontraka. Umzekelo, kunye nomyili. Unokontraka uye wabonakala engonjalo, waphoswa ziintsuku ezibekiweyo, kwaye wala ukugqiba umsebenzi ngaphandle kwentlawulo eyongezelelweyo. I-RM irekhodwe kwirejista yezifundo ezifundiweyo ukuba bekungafanelekanga ukusebenza nalo kontraka ungathembekanga. Kwangaxeshanye, kwindawo ethile ekuthengiseni nabo babekhangela umyili kwaye badibana nekontraka efanayo. Kwaye ngeli xesha kukho iinketho ezimbini:
a) ukuba inkampani inenkcubeko esekwe kakuhle yokusebenzisa kwakhona amava, umntu osebenza naye kwintengiso uya kujonga kwirejista yezifundo ezifundiweyo ukuze abone ukuba kukho nabani na osele enxibelelane nalo kontraka, uya kubona impendulo engalunganga evela kwi-PM yethu kwaye akayi kuchitha ixesha kwaye imali yokunxibelelana nale kontraka ingathembekanga.
b) ukuba inkampani ayinayo inkcubeko enjalo, umthengisi uya kuphendukela kwikontraki efanayo engathembekiyo, alahlekelwe yimali yenkampani, ixesha kwaye unokuphazamisa umkhankaso wokunyusa obalulekileyo kunye ophuthumayo, umzekelo.
Luluphi ukhetho olubonakala luphumelela ngakumbi? Kwaye qaphela ukuba yayingelolwazi malunga nemveliso ephuhliswayo eluncedo, kodwa malunga neenkqubo ezihamba nophuhliso. Kwaye kwavela ukuba luncedo kungekhona kwenye i-RM, kodwa kumqeshwa wendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngako oko isiphelo: uphuhliso alukwazi ukuqwalaselwa ngokwahlukileyo kwiintengiso, inkxaso yezobugcisa ukusuka kuhlalutyo lweshishini, kunye ne-IT kulawulo lolawulo. Wonke umntu enkampanini unamava omsebenzi aya kuba luncedo komnye umntu enkampanini. Kwaye aba abayi kuba ngabameli beendawo ezinxulumeneyo.
Nangona kunjalo, icala lobugcisa beprojekthi linokuba luncedo. Zama ukuphicotha iiprojekthi kwinkampani yakho kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Uya kumangaliswa ukuba zingaphi iibhayisekile eziye zayilwa ukusombulula iingxaki ezifanayo. Ngoba? Kuba iinkqubo zokwabelana ngolwazi azikasekwa.
Ngoko ke, ulawulo lolwazi, ngokwe-PMI manual, ngomnye wemisebenzi ye-PM. Njengoko sinokubona, imibutho emibini eyaziwayo eyenza izatifikethi ezihlawulwayo ngokwemigangatho yazo ibandakanya ulawulo lolwazi kwizintlu zabo kufuneka zibe nezixhobo zokulawula umgangatho kunye nomsebenzi weprojekthi. Kutheni abaphathi kwiinkampani ze-IT besakholelwa ukuba ulawulo lolwazi ngamaxwebhu? Kutheni le nto indawo epholileyo kunye negumbi lokutshaya lihlala lingamaziko otshintshiselwano ngolwazi? Konke kumcimbi wokuqonda kunye nemikhwa. Ndiyathemba ukuba abaphathi be-IT baya kuqonda ngokuthe ngcembe intsimi yolawulo lolwazi, kwaye isithethe somlomo asiyi kuphinda sisebenze njengesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi kwinkampani. Funda imigangatho yomsebenzi wakho - zininzi izinto ezinomdla kuzo!
umthombo: www.habr.com