"Ukuba ufunda umbhalo othi" inyathi "kwindlwana yendlovu, ungawakholelwa amehlo akho." Kozma Prutkov
Ngaphambili kwaboniswa ukuba kutheni imodeli yento ifuneka, kwaye kwangqinwa ukuba ngaphandle kwale modeli yento umntu unokuthetha kuphela ngoyilo olusekwe kwimodeli njengeqhwithi lentengiso, elingenantsingiselo kwaye lingenanceba. Kodwa xa imodeli yento ibonakala, iinjineli ezinobuchule zihlala zinombuzo onengqiqo: bubuphi ubungqina obukhoyo bokuba imodeli yemathematika yento ihambelana neyona nto.
Umzekelo wempendulo yalo mbuzo unikwe Kweli nqaku siza kujonga umzekelo wokudala imodeli yeenkqubo zokupholisa umoya kwinqwelomoya, ukuhlambulula uqheliselo ngokuqwalaselwa kwethiyori yendalo eqhelekileyo.
Ukudala imodeli ethembekileyo yento. Ithiyori
Ukuze ungalibazisi, ndiya kukuxelela kwangoko malunga ne-algorithm yokwenza imodeli yoyilo olusekelwe kwimodeli. Ithatha kuphela amanyathelo amathathu alula:
Isinyathelo 1. Phuhlisa inkqubo ye-algebraic-differential equations echaza ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo kwenkqubo engumzekelo. Kulula ukuba uyayazi i-physics yenkqubo. Izazinzulu ezininzi sele zisiphuhlisele imithetho esisiseko yendalo ebizwa ngokuba nguNewton, uBrenoul, uNavier Stokes kunye nezinye iStangels, Compass kunye noRabinovich.
Isinyathelo 2. Khetha kwisistim yesiphumo iseti ye-empirical coefficients kunye neempawu zento yokwenza imodeli enokufumaneka kwiimvavanyo.
Isinyathelo 3. Ukuqhuba uvavanyo lwento kwaye ulungelelanise imodeli ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo olupheleleyo, ukwenzela ukuba ihambelane nenyani, kunye neqondo elifunekayo leenkcukacha.
Njengoko ubona, ilula, zimbini nje ezintathu.
Umzekelo wokuphunyezwa ngokubonakalayo
I-air conditioning system (ACS) kwinqwelo-moya iqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yokugcinwa koxinzelelo oluzenzekelayo. Uxinzelelo kwinqwelomoya kufuneka luhlale lukhulu kunoxinzelelo lwangaphandle, kwaye isantya sokutshintsha koxinzelelo kufuneka sibe njalo ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye nabakhweli bangophi ngeempumlo nasezindlebeni. Ngoko ke, i-air inlet kunye ne-outlet control system ibalulekile ekukhuseleni, kwaye iinkqubo zokuvavanya ezibizayo zibekwe phantsi ukuze ziphuhliswe. Badala amaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo ekuphakameni kwenqwelomoya, kwaye bavelise kwakhona ukumka kunye neemeko zokumisa kumabala eenqwelomoya anobude obahlukeneyo. Kwaye umba wokuphuhlisa kunye nokulungiswa kweenkqubo zokulawula ii-SCVs zinyuka ngokusemandleni. Kuya kude kube nini siqhuba ibhentshi yokuvavanya ukufumana inkqubo yokulawula eyanelisayo? Ngokucacileyo, ukuba simisela imodeli yokulawula kwimodeli yento, ngoko umjikelo womsebenzi kwibhentshi yokuvavanya unokunciphisa kakhulu.
Isixokelelwano somoya senqwelomoya sinezixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu njengayo nayiphi na enye inkqubo yobushushu. Ibhetri yibhetri e-Afrika kwakhona, kuphela i-air conditioner. Kodwa ngenxa yothintelo kubunzima bokusuka kunye nemilinganiselo yenqwelomoya, abatshintshi bobushushu benziwa bacuthene kwaye basebenze ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kudluliswe ubushushu obuninzi obunokwenzeka ukusuka kubunzima obuncinci. Ngenxa yoko, ijometri iba yinto engaqhelekanga. Njengakwimeko eqwalaselwayo. Umzobo we-1 ubonisa i-plate heat exchanger apho i-membrane isetyenziswe phakathi kwamacwecwe ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kobushushu. Isipholisi esishushu nesibandayo siyatshintshana kwimijelo, kwaye icala lokuhamba linqamlezileyo. Enye i-coolant inikezelwa kwi-cut cut yangaphambili, enye - ecaleni.
Ukucombulula ingxaki yokulawula i-SCR, kufuneka sazi ukuba kungakanani ubushushu obugqithiselwayo ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye kwindawo enjalo yokutshintsha ubushushu ngexesha leyunithi. Izinga lokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa, esiyilawulayo, kuxhomekeke kule nto.
Umzobo 1. Umzobo wesixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu benqwelo-moya.
Iingxaki zokumisela umzekelo. inxalenye Hydraulic
Ukuqala kokujonga, umsebenzi ulula kakhulu; kuyafuneka ukubala ukuhamba kobuninzi ngeeshaneli zokutshintsha ubushushu kunye nokuhamba kobushushu phakathi kwamajelo.
Umyinge wokuhamba kobunzima besisipholisi kwimijelo ubalwa kusetyenziswa ifomula yeBernouli:
apho:
ΞP - umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwamanqaku amabini;
ΞΎ β i-coefficient yokukhuhlana okupholileyo;
L β ubude betshaneli;
d - i-hydraulic diameter ye-channel;
Ο - ukuxinana kokupholisa;
Ο β isantya esipholileyo kwisitishi.
Kwijelo lemilo engafanelekanga, i-hydraulic diameter ibalwa ngefomula:
apho:
F - indawo yokuhamba;
P β iperimeter emanzi yomjelo.
I-friction coefficient ibalwa kusetyenziswa iifomula zobungqina kwaye ixhomekeke kwisantya sokuhamba kunye neempawu zesipholisi. Kwiijometri ezahlukeneyo, ukuxhomekeka okwahlukileyo kufunyenwe, umzekelo, ifomyula yokuhamba kwesiphithiphithi kwimibhobho egudileyo:
apho:
Re-Reynolds inombolo.
Ukuhamba kwiitshaneli ezisicaba, le fomula ilandelayo ingasetyenziswa:
Ukusuka kwifomyula kaBernoulli, unokubala ukuhla koxinzelelo kwisantya esinikiweyo, okanye ngokuchaseneyo, ubale isantya sokupholisa kwitshaneli, ngokusekwe kuxinzelelo olunikiweyo.
Ukutshintshana kobushushu
Ukuhamba kobushushu phakathi kwesipholisi kunye nodonga kubalwa ngefomula:
apho:
Ξ± [W/(m2Γdeg)] β i-coefficient yokudlulisa ubushushu;
F - indawo yokuhamba.
Ngeengxaki zokuhamba kokupholisa kwimibhobho, ubungakanani obaneleyo bophando luye lwenziwa kwaye kukho iindlela ezininzi zokubala, kwaye njengomthetho, yonke into yehla kukuxhomekeka kobuchule bokuhanjiswa kobushushu Ξ± [W/(m2Γdeg)]
apho:
Nu- Nusselt inombolo,
Ξ» β thermal conductivity coefficient yolwelo [W/(mΓdeg)] d β hydraulic (elingana) ubukhulu.
Ukubala inombolo ye-Nusselt (iinqobo zokugweba), ukuxhomekeka kwikhrayitheriya kusetyenziswa, umzekelo, ifomula yokubala inani le-Nusselt lombhobho ongqukuva ujongeka ngolu hlobo:
Apha sele sibona inombolo yeReynolds, inombolo yePrandtl kwiqondo lokushisa eludongeni kunye nobushushu bolwelo, kunye ne-coefficient yokungalingani. ()
Kwiipleyiti ezitshintshiweyo zokutshintsha ubushushu ifomula iyafana ( ):
apho:
n = 0.73 m =0.43 ukuhamba kwesiphithiphithi,
i-coefficient a - iyahluka ukusuka kwi-0,065 ukuya kwi-0.6 kuxhomekeke kwinani lamacwecwe kunye nolawulo lokuhamba.
Masithathele ingqalelo ukuba le coefficient ibalwa kuphela kwinqanaba elinye lokuhamba. Kwinqaku elilandelayo, sinobushushu obuhlukeneyo bolwelo (lufudumeze okanye lupholile phantsi), iqondo lokushisa elahlukileyo eludongeni kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, zonke iinombolo zeReynolds kunye neenombolo zePrandtl ziyadada.
Ngeli xesha, nayiphi na isazi sezibalo siya kuthi akunakwenzeka ukubala ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo apho i-coefficient itshintsha amaxesha angama-10, kwaye uya kuba elungile.
Nayiphi na injineli esebenzayo iya kuthi i-heat exchanger nganye yenziwe ngokuhlukileyo kwaye akunakwenzeka ukubala iinkqubo, kwaye uya kuba elungile.
Kuthekani ngoYilo oluSekwe kwiModeli? Ngaba yonke into ilahlekile ngokwenene?
Abathengisi abaphambili besoftware yaseNtshona kule ndawo baya kukuthengisa iikhompyuter ezinkulu kunye neenkqubo zokubala ze-3D, njengokuthi "awunakwenza ngaphandle kwayo." Kwaye kufuneka uqhube ukubala usuku ukuze ufumane ukuhanjiswa kweqondo lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-1 iminithi.
Kucacile ukuba oku ayisiyiyo inketho yethu; kufuneka silungise inkqubo yolawulo, ukuba akunjalo ngexesha lokwenyani, ngoko ubuncinci kwixesha elibonakalayo.
Isisombululo ngokungakhethiyo
Umtshintshi wobushushu uyenziwa, uthotho lweemvavanyo luyenziwa, kwaye itheyibhile yokusebenza kakuhle kweqondo lobushushu elizinzileyo ibekwe ngokwemilinganiselo yokupholisa okunikwayo. Elula, ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokuthenjwa kuba idatha ivela kuvavanyo.
Ukungalungi kwale ndlela kukuba akukho zimpawu eziguquguqukayo zento. Ewe, siyayazi ukuba kuya kuba yintoni ukuhamba kobushushu obuzinzileyo, kodwa asazi ukuba kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuseka xa utshintshela kwenye indlela yokusebenza ukuya kwenye.
Ngoko ke, emva kokubala iimpawu eziyimfuneko, siqulunqa inkqubo yokulawula ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha lokuvavanya, esingathanda ukuyiphepha ekuqaleni.
Indlela esekwe kwiModeli
Ukudala imodeli yokutshintsha ubushushu obuguquguqukayo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa idatha yokuvavanya ukuphelisa ukungaqiniseki kwiifomula zokubala ezinobungqina - inombolo ye-Nusselt kunye nokumelana ne-hydraulic.
Isisombululo silula, njengayo yonke into enobuchule. Sithatha ifomyula yobungqina, senze imifuniselo kwaye siqinisekise ixabiso le-coefficient a, ngaloo ndlela sisusa ukungaqiniseki kwifomula.
Ngokukhawuleza ukuba sinexabiso elithile le-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa, zonke ezinye iiparameters zichongwa yimithetho esisiseko yendalo yolondolozo. Umahluko weqondo lokushisa kunye ne-coefficient yokudlulisa ubushushu inquma inani lamandla adluliselwe kumjelo ngexesha leyunithi.
Ukwazi ukuhamba kwamandla, kunokwenzeka ukusombulula iiequations zokugcinwa kobunzima bamandla kunye nomfutho wokupholisa kumjelo we-hydraulic. Umzekelo oku:
Kwimeko yethu, ukuhamba kobushushu phakathi kodonga kunye nesipholisi - Qwall - kuhlala kungaqinisekanga. Ungabona iinkcukacha ezininzi
Kwaye kwakhona i-equation ephuma kwiqondo lobushushu kudonga lwesitishi:
apho:
ΞQwall β umahluko phakathi kokuhamba okungenayo nokuphumayo ukuya eludongeni lomjelo;
M bubunzima bodonga lomjelo;
Cpc - amandla obushushu bezinto zodonga.
Ukuchaneka kwemodeli
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kwi-heat exchanger sinokusasazwa kweqondo lokushisa phezu kwendawo yeplate. Ngexabiso elizinzileyo, unokuthatha umyinge phezu kweepleyiti kwaye uyisebenzise, ββββucinga ukuba yonke into etshintshisayo ubushushu njengendawo enye egxininisiweyo apho, kwintlukwano yobushushu obunye, ubushushu bugqithiselwa kuwo wonke umphezulu wobushushu. Kodwa kwiinkqubo zexeshana uqikelelo olunjalo alunakusebenza. Olunye olugqithiseleyo kukwenza amanqaku angamakhulu amawaka kunye nokulayisha i-Super Computer, engafanelekanga kuthi, ekubeni umsebenzi kukuqwalasela inkqubo yokulawula ngexesha langempela, okanye ngcono, ngokukhawuleza.
Umbuzo uphakama, mangaphi amacandelo kufuneka ahlulwe abe yi-heater ukuze afumane ukuchaneka okwamkelekileyo kunye nesantya sokubala?
Njengesiqhelo, ngethamsanqa ndiye ndafumana imodeli yesitshintshi sobushushu se-amine sisondele. Umtshintshi wokushisa ngumbhobho, i-heater medium flows kwimibhobho, kunye ne-heater medium flows phakathi kweengxowa. Ukwenza lula ingxaki, ityhubhu yonke yokutshintsha ubushushu inokubonakaliswa njengombhobho omnye olinganayo, kwaye umbhobho ngokwawo unokumelwa njengeseti yeeseli zokubala ezicacileyo, apho imodeli yenqaku yokudluliselwa kobushushu ibalwa. Umzobo wemodeli yeseli enye iboniswe kuMzobo 2. Umjelo womoya oshushu kunye nomjelo womoya obandayo udibene ngodonga, oqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu phakathi kwamajelo.
Umzobo 2. Imodeli yeseli yokutshintsha ubushushu.
Imodeli ye-tubular heat exchanger ilula ukuseta. Unokutshintsha iparameter enye kuphela - inani lamacandelo kunye nobude bombhobho kwaye ujonge iziphumo zokubala zezahlulo ezahlukeneyo. Masibale iinketho ezininzi, ngokuqala ngokuhlukana zibe ngamanqaku ama-5 ngobude (umzobo 3) kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kumanqaku angama-100 ngobude (umzobo 4).
Umzobo 3. Ukusasazwa kobushushu obumileyo bamanqaku ama-5 abaliweyo.
Umzobo 4. Ukusasazwa kobushushu obumileyo bamanqaku ama-100 abaliweyo.
Njengomphumo wezibalo, kwavela ukuba izinga lokushisa elizinzileyo xa lihlulwe ngamanqaku angama-100 ngama-67,7 degrees. Kwaye xa ihlulwe ibe ngamanqaku ama-5 abalwayo, ubushushu ngu-72 degrees C.
Kwakhona emazantsi efestile isantya sokubala ngokunxulumene nexesha lokwenyani sibonisiwe.
Makhe sibone ukuba iqondo lobushushu elizinzileyo kunye nesantya sokubala litshintsha njani ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lamanqaku okubala. Umahluko kwiqondo lokushisa elizinzileyo ngexesha lokubala elinamanani ahlukeneyo eeseli zokubala zingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kwesiphumo esifunyenweyo.
Itheyibhile 1. Ukuxhomekeka kobushushu kunye nesantya sokubala kwinani lamanqaku okubala kunye nobude bomtshintshi wobushushu.
| Inani lamanqaku okubala | Ubushushu obuzinzileyo | Isantya sokubala |
| 5 | 72,66 | 426 |
| 10 | 70.19 | 194 |
| 25 | 68.56 | 124 |
| 50 | 67.99 | 66 |
| 100 | 67.8 | 32 |
Ukuhlalutya le theyibhile, sinokufikelela kwizigqibo ezilandelayo:
- Isantya sokubala sihla ngokulingana nenani lamanqaku okubala kwimodeli yokutshintsha ubushushu.
- Utshintsho kubalo oluchanekileyo lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko inani lamanqaku linyuka, ukulungiswa kwinqanaba ngalinye elilandelayo liyancipha.
Kwimeko yesitshintshi sobushushu sepleyiti enesipholisi esinqumlayo, njengakuMfanekiso 1, ukwenza imodeli elinganayo ukusuka kwiiseli zokubala ezisisiseko kunzima ngakumbi. Kufuneka sidibanise iiseli ngendlela efana nokucwangcisa ukuhamba komnqamlezo. Kwiiseli ezi-4, isekethe iya kujongeka njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 5.
Ukuhamba okupholileyo kwahlulwe kunye namasebe ashushu kunye nabandayo abe ngamatshaneli amabini, amajelo adityaniswe ngezakhiwo ze-thermal, ukwenzela ukuba xa udlula kumjelo isisipholisi sitshintshise ubushushu kunye nemijelo eyahlukeneyo. Ukulinganisa ukuhamba komnqamlezo, i-coolant eshushu ihamba ukusuka kwesobunxele ukuya ngasekunene (jonga umfanekiso we-5) kwitshaneli nganye, ngokulandelelana ukutshintshwa kobushushu kunye nemijelo ye-coolant ebandayo, ehamba ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu (jonga umfanekiso 5). Eyona ndawo ishushu ikwikona ephezulu ekhohlo, njengoko isisipholisi esishushu sitshintshisa ubushushu kunye nesipholisi esele sishushu somjelo obandayo. Kwaye eyona ibanda kakhulu isezantsi ngasekunene, apho isisipholisi esibandayo sitshintshisa ubushushu kunye nesipholisi esishushu, esele sipholile kwicandelo lokuqala.
Umzobo 5. Imodeli ye-cross-flow ye-4 iiseli zokubala.
Le modeli yokutshintsha ubushushu beplate ayithatheli ngqalelo ukuhanjiswa kobushushu phakathi kweeseli ngenxa ye-thermal conductivity kwaye ayithatheli ngqalelo ukuxubana kokupholisa, ekubeni itshaneli ngalinye lilodwa.
Kodwa kwimeko yethu, ukukhawulelana kokugqibela akunciphisi ukuchaneka, kuba ekuyilweni kwe-heat exchanger i-membrane ye-corrugated yahlula ukuhamba kwiindlela ezininzi ezizimeleyo kunye ne-coolant (jonga umfanekiso 1). Makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kubalo oluchanekileyo xa kusenziwa imodeli yesitshintshi sobushushu sepleyiti njengoko inani leeseli zokubala lisanda.
Ukuhlalutya ukuchaneka, sisebenzisa iinketho ezimbini zokwahlula umtshintshi wobushushu kwiiseli zoyilo:
- Iseli nganye yesikwere iqulethe i-hydraulic emibini (ibanda kunye nokuhamba okushushu) kunye nento enye ye-thermal. (jonga umfanekiso 5)
- Iseli nganye yesikwere iqulethe izinto ezintandathu ze-hydraulic (amacandelo amathathu ekuhambeni okushushu kunye nokubandayo) kunye nezinto ezintathu ze-thermal.
Kwimeko yokugqibela, sisebenzisa iindidi ezimbini zoqhagamshelwano:
- i-counter flow of cold and hot flows;
- ukuhamba okuhambelanayo kokuhamba okubandayo kunye nokushushu.
I-counter flow flow inyusa ukusebenza kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa nokuhamba komnqamlezo, ngelixa i-counter flow iyayinciphisa. Ngenani elikhulu leeseli, i-avareji phezu kokuhamba kwenzeka kwaye yonke into isondela kwi-cross-flow yangempela (jonga uMzobo 6).
Umzobo 6. Iiseli ezine, imodeli ye-3-element cross-flow flow.
Umzobo wesi-7 ubonisa iziphumo zokusasazwa kobushushu obumileyo kwimo yokutshintsha ubushushu xa kunikezelwa umoya ngeqondo lobushushu le-150 Β°C ecaleni komgca oshushu, kunye ne-21 Β°C ecaleni komgca obandayo, kwiinketho ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula imodeli. Umbala kunye namanani kwiseli abonisa umndilili wobushushu eludongeni kwiseli yokubala.
Umzobo 7. Amaqondo obushushu azinzileyo kwiinkqubo zokuyila ezahlukeneyo.
Itheyibhile 2 ibonisa izinga lokushisa elizinzileyo lomoya oshushu emva kokutshintshwa kobushushu, kuxhomekeke kulwahlulo lwemodeli yokutshintsha ubushushu kwiiseli.
Itheyibhile 2. Ukuxhomekeka kweqondo lokushisa kwinani leeseli zokuyila kwi-heat exchanger.
| Ubungakanani bomzekelo | Ubushushu obuzinzileyo Into enye kwiseli nganye |
Ubushushu obuzinzileyo Izinto ezi-3 kwiseli nganye |
| 2x2 | 62,7 | 67.7 |
| 3 Γ 3 | 64.9 | 68.5 |
| 4x4 | 66.2 | 68.9 |
| 8x8 | 68.1 | 69.5 |
| 10 Γ 10 | 68.5 | 69.7 |
| 20 Γ 20 | 69.4 | 69.9 |
| 40 Γ 40 | 69.8 | 70.1 |
Njengoko inani leeseli zokubala kwimodeli lisanda, iqondo lokushisa lokugqibela liyanyuka. Umahluko phakathi kweqondo lokushisa elizinzileyo kwizahlulo ezahlukeneyo zingathathwa njengesalathisi sokuchaneka kokubala. Ingabonwa ukuba ngokunyuka kwenani leeseli zokubala, izinga lokushisa livame ukuya kumda, kwaye ukwanda kokuchaneka akuhambelani nenani lamanqaku okubala.
Umbuzo uvela: luhlobo luni lwemodeli yokuchaneka esiyifunayo?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomekeke kwinjongo yomzekelo wethu. Ekubeni eli nqaku limalunga noyilo olusekelwe kwimodeli, senza imodeli yokuqwalasela inkqubo yokulawula. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuchaneka kwemodeli kufuneka kuthelekiswe nokuchaneka kweenzwa ezisetyenziswe kwinkqubo.
Kwimeko yethu, iqondo lokushisa lilinganiswa ne-thermocouple, echanekileyo Β± 2.5 Β° C. Nakuphi na ukuchaneka okuphezulu ngenjongo yokuseka inkqubo yokulawula ayinamsebenzi; inkqubo yethu yokwenene yokulawula ngokulula "ayiyi kuyibona". Ke, ukuba sicinga ukuba ubushushu obumiselweyo benani elingenasiphelo lezahlulo ngama-70 Β°C, ngoko ke imodeli esinika ngaphezulu kwe-67.5 Β°C iya kuchaneka ngokwaneleyo. Zonke iimodeli ezinamanqaku ama-3 kwiseli yokubala kunye neemodeli ezinkulu kune-5x5 kunye nenqaku elinye kwiseli. (Iphawulwe ngokuluhlaza kwiTheyibhile 2)
Iimowudi zokusebenza ezinamandla
Ukuvavanya ulawulo oluguquguqukayo, siya kuvavanya inkqubo yokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kwiindawo ezishushu kunye nezibanda kakhulu zodonga lokutshintsha ubushushu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicwangciso zokuyila. (jonga isazobe 8)
Umzobo 8. Ukufudumala umtshintshi wobushushu. Iimodeli zemilinganiselo ye-2x2 kunye ne-10x10.
Ingabonwa ukuba ixesha lenkqubo yenguqu kunye nobume bayo buxhomekeke ngokuzimeleyo kwinani leeseli zokubala, kwaye zimiselwa ngokukodwa ngobunzima besinyithi esishushu.
Ngaloo ndlela, siphetha ukuba imodeli efanelekileyo yokutshintsha ubushushu kwiindlela ukusuka kwi-20 ukuya kwi-150 Β° C, ngokuchaneka okufunwa yinkqubo yokulawula ye-SCR, malunga ne-10 - 20 amanqaku oyilo anele.
Ukumisela imodeli eguquguqukayo esekelwe kumfuniselo
Ukuba nemodeli yemathematika, kunye nedatha yovavanyo ekucoceni umtshintshisi wobushushu, konke ekufuneka sikwenzile kukwenza ulungiso olulula, oko kukuthi, ukwazisa into yokuqinisa kwimodeli ukuze ubalo lungqinelane neziphumo zovavanyo.
Ngaphaya koko, sisebenzisa imeko-bume yokudala imodeli yegraphical, siyakwenza oku ngokuzenzekelayo. Umzobo we-9 ubonisa i-algorithm yokukhetha i-coefficients yokuqinisa ukutshintshwa kobushushu. Idatha efunyenwe kuvavanyo inikezelwa kwigalelo, imodeli yokutshintsha ubushushu ixhunyiwe, kwaye i-coefficients efunekayo kwimodi nganye ifunyenwe kwimveliso.
Umzobo 9. I-algorithm yokukhetha i-coefficient yokuqinisa ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo.
Ngaloo ndlela, simisela i-coefficient efanayo yenombolo ye-Nusselt kwaye sisuse ukungaqiniseki kwiifomyula zokubala. Kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye namaqondo obushushu, amaxabiso ezinto zolungiso anokutshintsha, kodwa kwiindlela ezifanayo zokusebenza (ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo) zisondele kakhulu. Umzekelo, kutshintshiselwano olunikiweyo lweendlela ezahlukeneyo i-coefficient iyahluka ukusuka ku-0.492 ukuya ku-0.655.
Ukuba sisebenzisa i-coefficient ye-0.6, ngoko kwiindlela zokusebenza phantsi kwesifundo impazamo yokubala iya kuba ngaphantsi kwephutha le-thermocouple, ngoko ke, kwinkqubo yokulawula, imodeli yeemathematika yokushisa ukushisa iya kuba yanele ngokupheleleyo kwimodeli yangempela.
Iziphumo zokuseta imodeli yokutshintsha ubushushu
Ukuvavanya umgangatho wokutshintshwa kobushushu, uphawu olukhethekileyo lusetyenziswa - ukusebenza kakuhle:
apho:
ukusebenzakushushu - ukusebenza kakuhle komtshintshisi wobushushu kwisipholisi esishushu;
Tiintabain β iqondo lobushushu kwindawo yokungena kwisitshintshi sobushushu ecaleni kwendlela yokuqukuqela kwesipholisi esishushu;
Tiintabaphandle β iqondo lobushushu kwindawo yokukhupha ubushushu ecaleni kwendlela yokuqukuqela yesipholisi esishushu;
TIholoin β iqondo lobushushu kwindawo yokungena kwisitshintshi sobushushu ecaleni kwendlela yokuqukuqela yesipholisi esibandayo.
Itheyibhile yesi-3 ibonisa ukutenxa kokusebenza kakuhle kwemodeli yokutshintsha ubushushu ukusuka kuvavanyo kumazinga ahlukeneyo okuqukuqela ecaleni kwemigca eshushu nebandayo.
Itheyibhile 3. Iimpazamo ekubaleni ukuhanjiswa kobushushu ngokufanelekileyo kwi-%
Kwimeko yethu, i-coefficient ekhethiweyo ingasetyenziselwa kuzo zonke iindlela zokusebenza ezinomdla kuthi. Ukuba kumazinga okuhamba okuphantsi, apho impazamo inkulu, ukuchaneka okufunekayo akufezeki, sinokusebenzisa i-variable intensification factor, eya kuxhomekeka kwizinga lokuhamba ngoku.
Ngokomzekelo, kuMzobo we-10, i-coefficient yokuqinisa ibalwa ngokusebenzisa ifomyula enikiweyo ngokuxhomekeke kwisantya sokuhamba kwangoku kwiiseli zesiteshi.
Umzobo 10. I-coefficient yokwandisa ubushushu obuguquguqukayo.
ezifunyanisiweyo
- Ulwazi lwemithetho yendalo ikuvumela ukuba wenze imodeli eguquguqukayo yento yoyilo olusekwe kwimodeli.
- Imodeli kufuneka ingqinisiswe kwaye ilungiswe ngokusekelwe kwidatha yovavanyo.
- Izixhobo zokuphuhlisa imodeli kufuneka zivumele umphuhlisi ukuba enze imodeli ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zokuvavanya into.
- Sebenzisa indlela efanelekileyo esekelwe kwimodeli kwaye uya kuvuya!
Ibhonasi kwabo bagqiba ukufunda.
Ngabasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo kuphela abanokuthatha inxaxheba kuphando. , ndiyacela.
Ndiza kuthetha ngantoni ngokulandelayo?
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76,2%Indlela yokubonisa ukuba inkqubo kwimodeli ihambelana neprogram kwi-hardware.16
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23,8%Indlela yokusebenzisa i-supercomputer computing kuyilo olusekwe kwimodeli.5
Bangama-21 abasebenzisi abavotileyo. Umsebenzisi om-1 akakhange.
umthombo: www.habr.com