Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo.
Kwaye asithethi “ngezinto ezintsha” zale mihla njengetekhnoloji yokulandela umkhondo kumakhadi evidiyo e-RTX avela kwi-Nvidia okanye i-50x yokusondeza kwi-smartphone entsha evela eHuawei. Ezi zinto ziluncedo kakhulu kubathengisi kunabasebenzisi. Sithetha ngezinto ezintsha zokwenyani ezitshintshe kakhulu indlela yethu nendlela esibujonga ngayo ubomi.
Kwiminyaka engama-500, kwaye ngokukodwa kwiminyaka engama-200 edlulileyo, ubomi bomntu buye baguqulwa rhoqo ngeengcamango ezintsha, izinto ezintsha kunye nezinto ezifunyenweyo. Yaye eli lixesha elifutshane kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu. Ngaphambi koku, uphuhliso belubonakala lucotha kakhulu kwaye lungangxamanga, ngakumbi kwicala lomntu wenkulungwane yama-21.
Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, utshintsho lube yinto eqhubekayo. Ezinye iingxelo zeminyaka eli-15 eyadlulayo, ezaziqhelekile ngaxa lithile, ngoku zinokuqondwa ngabantu njengezingafanelekanga okanye zikhubekisayo. Ezinye zeencwadi ezikhethekileyo ezivela kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo azisabonwa njengento efanelekileyo, kwaye ukubona imoto yombane endleleni sele ithathwa njengento eqhelekileyo, kungekhona kumazwe athuthukileyo kuphela.
Siqhele ukutshatyalaliswa kwezithethe, ubugcisa benguqu kunye nolwazi oluqhubekayo malunga nezinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo esisaziqonda kancinci malunga nazo. Siqinisekile ukuba inzululwazi kunye neteknoloji azimi ngxi, kwaye sikholelwa ukuba izinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo kunye nezinto ezintsha ezisilindeleyo kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa kutheni siqiniseke kangaka nje ngoku? Saqala nini ukukholelwa kwiteknoloji kunye neendlela zophando lwezenzululwazi? Yabangelwa yintoni?
Ngokombono wam, uYuval Noah Harari utyhila le miba ngokweenkcukacha ezaneleyo kwincwadi yakhe ethi “Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind” (Ndicinga ukuba zonke iisapiens kufuneka ziyifunde). Ngoko ke, esi sibhalo siya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kweminye yemigwebo yakhe.
Ilizwi elitshintshe yonke into
Ukutyhubela imbali, abantu bahlala bebhala oko kuqwalaselweyo, kodwa ixabiso labo laliphantsi, kuba abantu babekholelwa ukuba lonke ulwazi olwalufuneka eluntwini lwalusele lufunyenwe kwiintanda-bulumko nabaprofeti bamandulo. Kwiminyaka emininzi, eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokufumana ulwazi yayikukufunda kunye nokusebenza kwezithethe ezikhoyo. Kutheni uchitha ixesha ukhangela iimpendulo ezintsha xa sele sinazo zonke iimpendulo?
Ukunyaniseka kwisithethe kwakukuphela kwethuba lokubuyela kwixesha elidlulileyo elizukileyo. Izinto eziqanjiweyo zazinokuyiphucula kancinane indlela yokuphila engokwesithethe, kodwa zazama ukungaphambuki kwizithethe ngokwazo. Ngenxa yokuhlonela ixesha elidlulileyo, iingcamango ezininzi kunye nezinto eziqanjiweyo zazigqalwa njengembonakaliso yekratshi kwaye zalahlwa emdiliyeni. Ukuba neentanda-bulumko nabaprofeti abakhulu bamandulo basilela ukucombulula ingxaki yendlala nendyikitya yokufa, singaya phi ke?
Mhlawumbi abantu abaninzi bayawazi amabali malunga ne-Icarus, iNqaba yaseBhabheli okanye iGolem. Ayefundisa ukuba naliphi na ilinge lokudlulela ngaphaya kwemida ebekwe ngumntu kwakuya kuba nemiphumo emibi. Ukuba awuzange ube nolwazi oluthile, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba uphendukele kumntu osisilumko, kunokuba uzame ukufumana iimpendulo ngokwakho. Kwaye ukufuna ukwazi (ndikhumbula "ukutya i-apile") akuzange kubekwe kwindawo ephezulu kwezinye iinkcubeko.
Akukho mntu wayefuna ukufumanisa into eyayingaziwa mntu ngaphambili. Kutheni le nto ndimele ndiyiqonde indlela eyenziwe ngayo indlu yesigcawu okanye indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba izilumko nezazinzulu zamandulo azizange ziyigqale njengento ebalulekileyo yaye azibhalanga ngayo?
Ngenxa yoko, ixesha elide abantu babehlala ngaphakathi kwesi sikhewu sesithethe kunye nolwazi lwakudala, ngaphandle kokucinga ukuba umbono wabo wehlabathi wawulinganiselwe ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa emva koko siye safumanisa enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezathi zathi zaseka inguqu kwezenzululwazi: ukungazi. "Andazi" mhlawumbi lelinye lawona mabinzana abalulekileyo kwimbali yethu asikhuthaze ukuba sikhangele iimpendulo. Ingcamango yokuba abantu abazazi iimpendulo zeyona mibuzo ibalulekileyo iye yasinyanzela ukuba sitshintshe isimo sengqondo sethu kulwazi olukhoyo.
Ukunqongophala kweempendulo kwakubhekwa njengophawu lobuthathaka kwaye esi simo sengqondo asizange siphele kude kube namhlanje. Abanye abantu abakavumi ukungazi kwabo kwimiba ethile kwaye bazibonakalisa "njengeengcali" ukuze bangabi kwisikhundla sobuthathaka. Ukuba nabantu banamhlanje basenokukufumanisa kunzima ukuthi “Andazi,” kunzima ukucinga ukuba kwakunjani kwibutho labantu apho zonke iimpendulo zazisele zinikiwe.
Indlela ukungazi kukhulise ngayo ihlabathi lethu
Kakade ke, ayekho amabango ngokungazi kwabantu kumaxesha amandulo. Kwanele ukukhumbula ibinzana elithi “Ndiyazi ukuba andazi nto,” ekuthiwa yabhalwa nguSocrates. Kodwa ukuqatshelwa kobuninzi bokungazi, okubandakanya ukuthanda ukufunyanwa, kwavela emva kwexeshana-ngokufunyanwa kwelizwekazi lonke, elathi, ngengozi okanye ngempazamo, lathiywa ngokuba ngumhambi u-Amerigo Vespucci.
Nantsi imephu kaFra Mauro eyenziwe ngo-1450s (inguqulelo ejonge phantsi eyaziwayo emehlweni anamhlanje). Ijongeka ineenkcukacha kangangokuba kubonakala ngathi abantu baseYurophu sele bezazi zonke iikona zehlabathi. Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu - akukho mabala amhlophe.
Kodwa ngowe-1492, uChristopher Columbus, ekwakukudala engafumani baxhasi kuhambo lwakhe lokufuna indlela yasentshona eya eIndiya, wahamba ngolwandle esuka eSpeyin ukuze avelise ingcamango yakhe ebomini. Kodwa kwenzeka into enkulu ngakumbi: ngo-Oktobha 12, 1492, umlindi kwinqanawa ethi “Pinta” wadanduluka esithi “Umhlaba! Umhlaba!" laye ke ihlabathi layeka ukufana. Akukho mntu wacinga ngokufumana ilizwekazi liphela. UColumbus wabambelela kwingcamango yokuba yayilichweba nje elincinane elikwimpuma ye-Indies de kwaba sekupheleni kobomi bakhe. Ingcamango yokuba wafumanisa eli lizwekazi yayingangeni entlokweni yakhe, njengabantu abaninzi bexesha lakhe.
Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, iingcaphephe ezinkulu kunye noososayensi bathetha ngeYurophu, iAfrika neAsia kuphela. Ngaba amagunya ayephosakele yaye ayengenalwazi lupheleleyo? Ngaba izibhalo zisishiyile isiqingatha sehlabathi? Ukuqhubela phambili, abantu kwakufuneka bawalahle la makhamandela ezithethe zamandulo kwaye bayamkele into yokuba babengazazi zonke iimpendulo. Bona ngokwabo kufuneka bafumane iimpendulo kwaye bafunde ngehlabathi kwakhona.
Ukuphuhlisa imimandla emitsha kunye nokulawula imihlaba emitsha, ulwazi olutsha lwalufuneka kakhulu malunga nezityalo, izilwanyana, ijografi, inkcubeko ye-Aboriginal, imbali yomhlaba kunye nokunye okuninzi. Iincwadi zezifundo ezindala kunye nezithethe zamandulo aziyi kunceda apha, sidinga indlela entsha-indlela yesayensi.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, amakhadi anamabala amhlophe aqala ukubonakala, nto leyo eyatsala umdla ngakumbi. Omnye umzekelo yimephu ye-1525 Salviati engezantsi. Akukho mntu waziyo ukuba ulindelwe yintoni ngaphaya kwekapa elilandelayo. Akukho mntu waziyo ukuba zeziphi na izinto ezintsha oza kuzifunda kwaye ziya kuba luncedo kangakanani kuwe nakuluntu.
Kodwa oku kufunyenweyo akuzange kutshintshe ngokukhawuleza ukuqonda kwabo bonke abantu. Amazwe amatsha atsala abantu baseYurophu kuphela. Ama-Ottomans ayexakeke kakhulu kukwandiswa kwawo ngokwemveli kwempembelelo ngokuthimba abamelwane bawo, kwaye amaTshayina ayengenamdla kwaphela. Akunakuthiwa imihlaba emitsha yayikude kakhulu kubo kangangokuba babengakwazi ukuqubha apho. Kwiminyaka engama-60 ngaphambi kokuba uColumbus afumane iMelika, amaTshayina ahamba ngesikhephe esiya kunxweme olusempuma yeAfrika kwaye itekhnoloji yabo yayanele ukuqalisa ukuhlola iMelika. Kodwa abazange benze njalo. Mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba le ngcamango yangena kakhulu kwizithethe zabo kwaye yayichasene nabo. Emva koko le revolution yayingekafiki kwiintloko zabo, kwaye xa bona kunye nama-Ottomans baqonda ukuba sele sele kusemva kwexesha, ekubeni amaYurophu ayesele ewuthathile uninzi lwamazwe.
Saqala njani ukukholelwa kwikamva
Umnqweno wokuphonononga iindlela ezingachazwanga kungekuphela nje emhlabeni, kodwa nakwisayensi ayisosizathu sodwa sokuba kutheni abantu banamhlanje beqinisekile ngokuvela ngakumbi kwezinto ezintsha. Ukunxanelwa ukufunyaniswa kwanikezela ingcamango yenkqubela phambili. Ingcamango kukuba ukuba uyavuma ukungazi kwakho kwaye utyalomali kuphando, izinto ziya kuba ngcono.
Abantu abakholelwa kumbono wenkqubela phambili bakholelwa ukuba ukufunyanwa kwejografi, ukuveliswa kwezobugcisa, kunye nophuhliso lonxibelelwano kuya kwandisa inani elipheleleyo lemveliso, urhwebo kunye nobutyebi. Iindlela ezintsha zorhwebo ezinqumla iAtlantiki zinokuvelisa ingeniso ngaphandle kokuphazamisa iindlela zorhwebo zamandulo ezinqumla kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. Iimpahla ezintsha zavela, kodwa ukuveliswa kwezinto ezindala akuzange kunciphe. Lo mbono uphinde wafumana ngokukhawuleza ukubonakalisa uqoqosho ngendlela yokukhula koqoqosho kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwekhredithi.
Kwisiseko sayo, i-credit iphakamisa imali ngoku kwindleko yexesha elizayo, ngokusekelwe kwingcinga yokuba siya kuba nemali eninzi kwixesha elizayo kunangoku. Ityala lalikho ngaphambi kwenguqulelo kwezenzululwazi, kodwa inyaniso kukuba abantu babemadolw’ anzima ukuboleka okanye ukuboleka imali kuba bengenathemba lekamva elibhetele. Ngokuqhelekileyo babecinga ukuba okona kulungileyo kwakukwixa elidluleyo, yaye ikamva lisenokuba mbi ngakumbi kuneli langoku. Ngoko ke, ukuba kumaxesha amandulo imali-mboleko yayikhutshwa, ubukhulu becala yayiyeyexeshana elifutshane yaye inenzala ephezulu kakhulu.
Wonke umntu wayekholelwa ukuba i-pie yendalo yonke yayilinganiselwe, kwaye mhlawumbi iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuba uphumelele kwaye ubambe iqhekeza elikhulu lepayi, ngoko uvimbe umntu. Ngoko ke, kwiinkcubeko ezininzi, “ukwenza imali” kusisono. Ukuba ukumkani waseScandinavia wayenemali eninzi, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba waqhuba uhlaselo oluyimpumelelo eNgilani waza wathabatha ezinye zezixhobo zabo. Ukuba ivenkile yakho yenza inzuzo eninzi, oko kuthetha ukuba uthathe imali kumntu okhuphisana naye. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uyinqumle njani ipayi, ayiyi kuba nkulu.
Ityala ngumahluko phakathi kwento ekhoyo ngoku kunye neya kuba kamva. Ukuba i-pie iyafana kwaye akukho mahluko, ngoko yintoni inqaku lokukhupha imali mboleko? Ngenxa yoko, akukho mashishini amatsha avuliweyo, kwaye uqoqosho lwaluphawula ixesha. Yaye ekubeni uqoqosho lwalungakhuli, akukho mntu wayekholelwa ekukhuleni kwalo. Umphumo waba yimeko embi eyaqhubeka kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi.
Kodwa ngokuvela kweemarike ezintsha, izinto ezintsha ezithandwayo phakathi kwabantu, izinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo kunye nezinto ezintsha, i-pie yaqala ukukhula. Ngoku abantu banethuba lokufumana ubutyebi kungekuphela nje ngokuthatha kummelwane wabo, ngakumbi ukuba udala into entsha.
Ngoku kwakhona sikwisangqa esikhohlakeleyo, esele sisekelwe elukholweni lwekamva. Inkqubela phambili rhoqo kunye nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwepayi kunika abantu ukuzithemba ekusebenzeni kwalo mbono. I-Trust ivelisa i-credit, i-credit ikhokelela ekukhuleni koqoqosho, ukukhula koqoqosho kuvelisa ukholo kwikamva. Xa sikholelwa kwikamva, siqhubela phambili.
Yintoni omele uyilindele ngokulandelayo?
Siye sanikana esinye isangqa esikhohlakeleyo sesinye. Enoba oku kulungile okanye kubi, wonke umntu unokuzigqibela ngokwakhe. Ukuba ngaphambi kokuba siphawule ixesha, ngoku siqhuba. Sibaleka ngokukhawuleza kwaye asikwazi ukuma, kuba intliziyo yethu ibetha ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba kubonakala ngathi iya kubhabha ngaphandle kwesifuba sethu ukuba siyayeka. Ke ngoko, kunokuba sikholelwe nje kwizinto ezintsha, asinako ukukwazi ukungakholelwa kuyo.
Ngoku siqhubela phambili, ngethemba lokuba oku kuya kuphucula ubomi bezizukulwana ezizayo, kwenze ubomi bethu bube lula kwaye bukhuseleke. Kwaye siyakholelwa ukuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha kunakho, okanye ubuncinci ukuzama, ukuhlangabezana nalo mngeni.
Ayaziwa ukuba le ngcamango yenkqubela phambili iya kusithatha kangakanani. Mhlawumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha iintliziyo zethu aziyi kumelana noxinezeleko olunjalo kwaye ziseza kusinyanzela ukuba siluyeke. Mhlawumbi siya kuqhubeka sibaleka ngesantya esinjalo kangangokuba siya kukwazi ukunduluka size siguquke sibe sisilo esitsha ngokupheleleyo, esingasayi kuphinda sibizwe ngokuba singabantu ngendlela yethu yanamhlanje. Kwaye olu hlobo luya kwakha isangqa esitsha esikhohlakeleyo kwiingcamango ezingenakuqondakala kuthi.
Esona sixhobo sibalulekileyo soMntu besisoloko zizinto ezimbini – iingcamango neentsomi. Umbono wokuthatha intonga, umbono wokwakha iziko elifana norhulumente, umbono wokusebenzisa imali, umbono wenkqubela phambili-zonke zibumba indlela yethu. Intsomi yamalungelo oluntu, intsomi yoothixo kunye neenkolo, intsomi yobuzwe, intsomi yekamva elihle - zonke ziyilelwe ukuhlanganisa kunye nokudibanisa amandla endlela yethu. Andazi ukuba siza kuzisebenzisa ezi zixhobo kwixesha elizayo njengoko siqhubela phambili kugqatso lomdyarho, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukubuyisela.
umthombo: www.habr.com