Iziqulatho:
Rhoqo, xa sithetha nabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, siqala thelekisa amanqanaba emivuzo. Nangona ingeniso epheleleyo inokwahluka kakhulu, amandla okuthenga, okunokwenzeka, iya kuhlala phantse kwinqanaba elifanayo, ebonakala ngokukodwa kwimarike yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba.
Ngaba ingca "iluhlaza" ngenene - kwelinye icala?
Enkosi kwinethiwekhi yoluntu , - Ndathetha neengcali ezininzi kwishishini lam , kwaye kwaqokelelwa idatha yemivuzo (idatha nayo yathathwa kuyo ) kwaze kwabalwa i-parity (PPP) umvuzo kwezinye izixeko ngokubhekiselele kwimivuzo kwidolophu yam - iSt. Petersburg (idatha yePPP ethathwe kuyo ).
Ungawathelekisa njani amazwe ngokweendleko zokuphila ngoku?
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso rhoqo kwiimpahla kunye neenkonzo zehlabathi, ezinxulunyaniswa ne , akamvumeli umntu namhlanje, ndiya e fudukela kwelinye ilizwe, ufumane umbono weendleko zokuphila kunye neendleko zeenkonzo kwilizwe lasemzini.
Igrafu ibonisa inzala ephakathi ehlabathini kwiminyaka engama-200 edluleyo, eyayijikeleze ihlabathi de kwangowe-1980. inqanaba elilungeleleneyo nelifanelekileyo: malunga ne-4-6%:
Ukunciphisa inzala kunye nokunciphisa idola ukusuka kwinqanaba legolide ngo-1971 - eyaba yiyo Isenzeko senkulungwane yama-21.
Isiganeko esifanayo evela kwiDeutsche Bank.
Ngenxa yezi ziganeko, amazwe aseka:
1. umdla ongafanelekanga amaxabiso ebhanki ephakathi
2. ezahlukeneyo ukunyuka kwamaxabiso
3. ezahlukeneyo amaxabiso ezindlu nomhlaba
4. ukungalingani amanqanaba entengo
5. ezahlukeneyo iindleko zokuphila
Sinokuthelekisa njani ngoku “iiNdleko zokuPhila” kumazwe ahlukeneyo ehlabathini lonke?
Ukuvavanya ubomi kwelinye ilizwe, sinokusebenzisa umxholo- Ukuthenga Amandla eParity (PPP, isiNgesi-Amandla okuthenga: PPP)
Malunga nokuthenga umbane (PPP)
Ukuthenga ukulingana kwamandla - umlinganiselo weeyunithi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zemali, iimali zamazwe ahlukeneyo, esekwe ngamandla abo okuthenga ngokunxulumene neseti ethile yempahla kunye neenkonzo.
Funda ngakumbi:
Yintoni iPPP esebenzisa ixabiso leBig Mac njengomzekelo?
Big Mac Price: p1
Berlin-4,70$ / New York-5,70$ / Saint Petersburg-2,10$
Big Mac ППС (Паритет покупательной способности) to Saint Petersburg: p2=p1/2,10
Berlin-2,2 / New York-2,70 / Saint Petersburg-1
Месячная зарплата = после налогов: p3
Berlin-2085$ / New York-3900$ / Saint Petersburg-1150$
ППС по Биг Маку - месячной зарплаты в городе
по отношению к зарплате в Санкт-Петербурге: p4=p3/p2
Berlin-940$ / New York-1470$ / Saint Petersburg-1150$
Ingqondo efanayo inokubalwa nezinye iimveliso, ukusuka kwijini kunye namaqanda ukuya kwixabiso leemoto zakwaToyota kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo.
Ukwenza oku, kwiNumbeo.com amawaka abantu agcwalisa idatha kwiindleko zempahla kunye neenkonzo kwisixeko sabo (idatha kuphela ye iinyanga ezili-18 ezidlulileyo, emva koko ezi “ndleko” zenziwa i-avareji yemathematika). Ukongeza, ngamavolontiya: idatha iqokelelwa ngesandla kwimithombo evulekileyo esekiweyo kwaye ezi ndleko zempahla kunye neenkonzo zongezwa sisixeko. Kabini ngonyaka.
Umzekelo wabaninzi (ngaphandle kwama-50 ewonke) izinto zeendleko zaseSt. Petersburg (inani labantu abazalisa idatha yaseSt. Petersburg kwiinyanga ezili-18 ezidlulileyo ngama-524):
Inqaku lithatha I-PPP ye-50 yezinto ezahlukeneyo iindleko. Umlinganiselo wedatha umi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Local_Puchasing_Power_Index = (Average_Disposable_Salary(This_City) /
BasketConsumerPlusRent(This_City)) / (Average_Disposable_Salary(New_York) /
BasketConsumerPlusRent(New_York)) BasketConsumerPlusRent(City) =
sum_of (Price_in_the_city * (cost_of_living_factor + rent_factor))
Umzekelo wokuthelekisa iindleko zokuhlala eMunich (eJamani) naseSt. Petersburg (eRashiya)
Ukuthelekiswa kweendleko zokuhlala eRostov-on-Don naseSan Francisco (USA)
Kwi-yam i-subjective encinci uphononongo - Ndicinga ukuba ixabiso lePPP lesalathiso sokuphila samkelwa kumndilili weendleko kwisixeko esinikiweyo kusapho lwabane (vula idatha ukusuka ). Inqaku lixoxa ngemeko xa umntu ohlala kwisixeko N etyala imali kwaye echitha imali efunyenweyo, kwakweso sixeko iN.
Kutheni iBIM (iinjineli kunye nabaququzeleli)
Injineli ye-BIM (amava ama-1-2 eminyaka) - le yindawo yokuqala kwintlangano yokwakha (ngaphambili injineli yeBIM yayibizwa ngokuba yi "Designer", ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yi-BIM injineli). Umphathi we-BIM (iminyaka eyi-4-6 yamava) sele engumntu onamava omele akwazi ukwenza inkqubo encinci, kodwa akukho ngaphezulu.
Isabelo sabo basakhiwayo usebenzisa i-BIM, i-real estate kwikamva elikufutshane iya kuba yimali izinto ze-real estate. Kwangaxeshanye, akhawunti yokwakha Iinjineli ze-BIM kunye nabanxibelelanisi babesakuba ziinjineli zeprojekthi yokwakha. Ngokujonga (Abathathi-nxaxheba be-2000 nganye) - inani leengcali kwesi sikhundla eRashiya okwangoku: ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-20 abantu abayiwaka. Umlinganiselo womvuzo kwilizwe ngalinye - INjineli ye-BIM / uMququzeleli we-BIM / uMphathi we-BIM: 100% / 125% / 150%. Kungekudala, zonke iinjineli ukusebenza kwisicwangciso kuya kusebenza ngenye indlela okanye ngenye indlela kunye nobuchwepheshe be-BIM kwaye zonke iinjineli zinokufaka isicelo kwindawo yazo Ukuncamathiselwa kweBIM.
Izigqibo:
1. Iyonke imivuzo yonyaka (e kuthethwa ngayo eNtshona) iyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwilizwe, ngelixa umvuzo wenyanga, iguqulelwe kumandla okuthenga, phantse efanayo.
Ngokomzekelo, iyonke imivuzo yonyaka Kyiv vs San Francisco unomahluko phantse 8 maxesha, kanti hla mbulukile umvuzo wenyanga uya kuba nomahluko kuphela Ixesha leXnumx.
2. Xa isezantsi ingeniso yakho, m² ngaphezulu ungathenga iminyaka eli-10 kwisixeko sakho.
Ngemali oyifumanayo (ucinga ukuba wonga isiqingatha somvuzo wakho kwiminyaka eli-10) ngemali ezinkozo (ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali mboleko), unokuthenga 46 m² real estate Kyiv kunye 31 m² eSan Francisco.
Amazwe afakiwe kubalo- ilingane ngokulinganayo ngokokhuseleko, umgangatho wemfundo kunye neenkonzo zempilo. Nganye kule miba ineziphene zayo kunye noncedo kwilizwe ngalinye kula.
Le miba kunzima ukuhlalutya, ngokuchasene namaxabiso ezinto kunye neenkonzo.
Ngelo xesha, ukungena kwi-10% ephezulu abona bantu bahlawulwa kakhulu emhlabeni - kufuneka ube nayo
.
Kwitheyibhile yokugqibela unokuthelekisa ukuba umvuzo wonyaka wonke eSt $15,800 ngonyaka (umvuzo wenyanga net $1,150 okanye 71,000 ruble). Ngokusekwe kumlinganiso, ukuba unikwa i-47,000 yeedola ngonyaka eBoston okanye eDublin, qikelela ukuba oku kumalunga ihambelana nomvuzo wama-ruble angama-71,000. net ngenyanga eSt.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba this Uluvo oluzimeleyo, Ndicinga ukuba inokuba kufanelekile.
Ndiya kuvuya ukubona ukugxeka kwakho.
Inqaku lam lokuqala kwi-LinkedIn (isiNgesi).
Yongeze kwi-LinkedIn, ndiya kuvuya ukwenza abafowunelwa abatsha:
Zonke iintsingiselo - ngempazamo ± 10%
Ikhonkco kwi-spreadsheet (i-Google Spreadsheet)
Ivela phi idatha?
Ingxoxo yemivuzo yabanjwa (enkosi kwabo bathathe inxaxheba) kwiqela le-"BIM Russian expats" kwi-LinkedIn -
Umvuzo opheleleyo wonyaka:
Umlinganiselo werhafu:
Ixabiso ngem² yokuthenga:
Ukulingana kwamandla okuthenga (PPP) ukuya eSt.
umthombo: www.habr.com