Ngomhla wama-23 kuEpreli, umbutho ongenzi ngeniso iMozilla, obandakanyeka kwinani leeprojekthi ezijolise ekufikeleleni simahla, ubumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko kwi-Intanethi, kwaye ikwaphuhlisa isikhangeli sewebhu seFirefox, epapashwe. malunga "nempilo" yenethiwekhi yehlabathi ngo-2019, echaphazela impembelelo ye-Intanethi kuluntu nakubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
Ingxelo izoba umfanekiso oxubeneyo. Okokuqala, kuqatshelwe ukuba ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka uluntu lwawela umqobo obalulekileyo - "ama-50% abantu abaseMhlabeni sele bekwi-intanethi." Ngokutsho kombutho, ngelixa iwebhu yehlabathi jikelele izisa izinto ezininzi ezintle kubomi bethu, abantu baya bexhalaba malunga nendlela i-Intanethi kunye neenethiwekhi zentlalo ezichaphazela ngayo abantwana bethu, umsebenzi wethu kunye nedemokhrasi.
Xa lo mbutho wawukhupha ingxelo yawo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ihlabathi lalibukele ihlazo likaFacebook-Cambridge Analytica lisenzeka njengoko kwavezwa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwedatha kwinethiwekhi yezentlalo ukuxhaphaza amaphulo ezopolitiko, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni umseki kaFacebook uMark Zuckerberg kunyanzeleke ukuba athethe. I-Congress yase-US ngokuxolisa, kwaye inkampani ihlaziye ngokuphawulekayo umgaqo-nkqubo wayo wobumfihlo. Emva kweli bali, izigidi zabantu zibonile ukuba ulwabelwano oluxhaphakileyo nolungamkelekanga lwedatha yabucala, ukukhula okukhawulezayo, i-centralization kunye nehlabathi jikelele kwishishini letekhnoloji, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweentengiso ze-intanethi kunye neenethiwekhi zentlalo zikhokelele kwinani elikhulu leengxaki.
Abantu abaninzi baqala ukubuza imibuzo: yintoni esimele siyenze ngale nto? Singalilawula njani ilizwe ledijithali kwicala elifanelekileyo?
IMozilla yalatha ukuba oorhulumente kulo lonke elaseYurophu basanda kubonwa bephumeza amanyathelo awohlukeneyo okubeka iliso kukhuseleko lwe-intanethi kunye nokuthintela ulwazi olunokwenzeka ngaphambi konyulo oluzayo lwe-EU. Siye sabona iinkampani ezinkulu zetekhnoloji zizama yonke into ukusuka ekwenzeni intengiso yazo kunye neealgorithms zomxholo zicace ngakumbi ukuya ekudaleni iibhodi zendlela yokuziphatha (nangona isiphumo esincinci, kwaye abagxeki bayaqhubeka besithi "kufuneka wenze okuninzi ngakumbi!" ). Kwaye ekugqibeleni, siye sabona ii-CEO, abezopolitiko kunye namatsha ntliziyo besilwa omnye komnye ukuze bathathe isigqibo sokuba bayephi ngokulandelayo. Asikwazanga "ukulungisa" iingxaki ezikhoyo, kwaye i-GDPR (i-EU's General Data Protection Regulation) ayizange ibe yi-panacea, kodwa uluntu lubonakala lungena kwixesha elitsha lempikiswano eqhubekayo malunga nokuba yintoni idijithali enempilo. uluntu kufuneka lubukeke.
Okokuqala, iMozilla ithetha ngeengxaki ezintathu ezicinezelayo zenethiwekhi yanamhlanje:
- Isidingo sokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nokunciphisa umda wokusetyenziswa kwayo kuqwalaselwa, kubuzwa imibuzo efana nale: Ngubani ophuhlisa i-algorithms? Yeyiphi idatha abayisebenzisayo? Ngubani ocalulwayo? Kuyaphawulwa ukuba ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa ngoku busetyenziswa kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo nentununtunu, njengokugqiba nge-solvency nolungiselelo lweinshorensi yezempilo kubantu baseUnited States okanye ukufumana izaphuli-mthetho ezinokutyhola abantu abamsulwa.
- Isidingo sokuphinda sicinge ngoqoqosho lwentengiso luchazwe, kuba indlela yangoku, apho umntu uye waba yimpahla yokuthengisa, kunye nokuhlolwa okupheleleyo kuye kwaba sisixhobo esisinyanzelo sokuthengisa, akusayi kuphinda kwamkeleke.
- Ukuphonononga indlela iinkampani ezinkulu eziphembelela ngayo ubomi bethu kunye nendlela oorhulumente basekhaya kwizixeko ezikhulu abanokudibanisa ngayo itekhnoloji ngeendlela ezinceda uluntu kunezilangazelelo zorhwebo. Umzekelo libali apho abasemagunyeni baseNew York babekwazi ukubeka uxinzelelo kwi-Amazon ukwazisa isoftware efunda umbhalo kwiscreen kubantu abanengxaki yombono kwi-Kindle e-reader. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqaku libonisa indlela, phantsi kwengubo yokuphucula iziseko zasezidolophini, ngakumbi nangakumbi itekhnoloji iyaziswa evumela ukubeka iliso ngokupheleleyo kwabantu kwizitrato zedolophu.
Kakade ke, ingxelo ayiphelelanga nje kwimixholo emithathu. Ikwathetha malunga: isoyikiso se-deepfakes - iteknoloji yokutshintsha ubuso bomntu kwividiyo kunye nobuso bomnye umntu, enokubangela umonakalo kwigama, isetyenziselwa i-disinformation kunye nobuqhetseba obuhlukeneyo, malunga nokukwazi ukusetyenziswa kwentlalo yoluntu. amaqonga eendaba, malunga nenyathelo lokufunda iphonografi, malunga notyalo-mali ekubekeni iintambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi, iingozi zokuthumela iziphumo zohlalutyo lweDNA yakho kwindawo yoluntu kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Ngoko sithini isigqibo sikaMozilla? Isempilweni kangakanani i-Intanethi ngoku? Umbutho ukufumanisa kunzima ukunika impendulo eqinisekileyo. Ubume bedijithali yinkqubo yendalo entsonkothileyo, kanye njengeplanethi esiphila kuyo. Kunyaka ophelileyo ubone inani leendlela ezilungileyo ezibonisa ukuba i-Intanethi kunye nobudlelwane bethu nayo buhamba kwicala elifanelekileyo:
- Iifowuni zokukhuselwa kwedatha yomntu zikhula kakhulu. Unyaka odlulileyo uye wazisa utshintsho lwe-titanic ekuqapheliseni uluntu ngobumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko kwihlabathi ledijithali, sibonga kakhulu kwi-scandal ye-Cambridge Analytica. Olu lwazi luyaqhubeka lukhula kwaye lukwaguqulelwa kwimithetho ebambekayo kunye neeprojekthi. Abalawuli baseYurophu, ngoncedo lwababukeli boluntu kunye nabasebenzisi be-intanethi ngabanye, banyanzelisa ukuthotyelwa kwe-GDPR. Kwiinyanga zamva nje, uGoogle uhlawuliswe i-50 yezigidi zeedola ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwe-GDPR eFransi, kwaye amashumi amawaka ezikhalazo zokwaphulwa afakwe kwihlabathi liphela.
- Kukho intshukumo ethile ekusetyenzisweni okunoxanduva ngakumbi kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI). Njengoko iintsilelo zendlela ye-AI yangoku zisiya zibonakala ngakumbi, iingcali kunye nabaphembeleli bayathetha kwaye bafuna izisombululo ezitsha. Amanyathelo anje ngeSafe Face Pledge aphuhlisa itekhnoloji yohlalutyo lobuso obuya kunceda abantu bonke. Kwaye iingcali ezifana noJoy Buolamwini, umsunguli we-Algorithmic Justice League, uthetha ngendima yemibutho enamandla njenge-Federal Trade Commission kunye neGlobal Tech Group ye-EU kulo mba.
- Ingqwalasela engakumbi ihlawulwa kwindima kunye nefuthe leenkampani ezinkulu. Kunyaka ophelileyo, abantu abaninzi baye baqaphela ukuba iinkampani ezisibhozo zilawula uninzi lwe-Intanethi. Ngenxa yoko, izixeko zase-US naseYurophu ziya zisiba nzima kuzo, ziqinisekisa ukuba ubugcisa boomasipala bubeka phambili amalungelo abantu kunengeniso yezorhwebo. Umanyano "» okwangoku inabathathi-nxaxheba abangaphezu kweshumi elinesibini. Kwangaxeshanye, abasebenzi bakwaGoogle, Amazon kunye neMicrosoft bafuna ukuba abaqeshi babo bangasebenzisi okanye bathengise itekhnoloji yabo ngeenjongo ezithandabuzekayo. Kwaye izimvo ezinje ngamaqonga entsebenziswano kunye nobunini ekwabelwanayo ngazo zibonwa njengezinye iimonopoli zequmrhu ezikhoyo.
Kwelinye icala, zininzi iindawo apho imeko iye yaba mandundu, okanye apho kwenzeke iziganeko ezixhalabisa umbutho:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Intanethi kuxhaphakile. Oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke basaqhubeka beyibekela imiqathango abantu abangena kwi-Intanethi ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukususela ekuhloliseni abantu ukuya kutsho ekufuneni abantu bahlawule irhafu eyongezelelekileyo ngokusebenzisa amajelo onxibelelwano. Ngo-2018, bekukho ukucinywa kwe-intanethi kwe-188 kwihlabathi liphela. Kukwakho uhlobo olutsha lokuvalwa: ukucothisa i-Intanethi. Oorhulumente kunye nee-arhente zogcino-mthetho bathintela ukufikelela kwiindawo ezithile ukuze kuthathe iiyure ezininzi ukuba isithuba esinye semidiya yoluntu silayishe. Ubuchwephesha obunjalo bunceda oorhulumente bengcinezelo bakhanyele uxanduva lwabo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwedatha yebhayometriki kuyaqhubeka. Xa amaqela amakhulu abantu bengakwazi ukufikelela kwii-identifiers ze-biometric, oku akulungile, njengoko banokwenza ubomi bube lula kwimiba emininzi. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, itekhnoloji yebhayometriki ihlala inceda oorhulumente kunye namaziko abucala, hayi abantu. EIndiya, bangaphezulu kwebhiliyoni enye yabemi babekwe emngciphekweni ngenxa yokuba semngciphekweni kwi-Aadhaar, inkqubo karhulumente yokuchonga yebhayometriki. Kwaye eKenya, amaqela amalungelo oluntu ammangalele urhulumente ngokuchasene nokudalwa kweNkqubo yeSizwe yoLawulo lweSazisi (NIIMS) eyenzelwe ukuqokelela nokugcina ulwazi malunga neDNA yabantu, indawo yeGPS yekhaya labo nokunye.
- Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa buba sisixhobo socalucalulo. Iingxilimbela zobuchwephesha e-US nase China zidibanisa i-AI ekusombululeni iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ngesantya esikhulu, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ubungozi obunokubakho kunye neziphumo ezibi. Ngenxa yoko, iinkqubo zokuqaphela abantu ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho, iibhanki, ukugaya, kunye neentengiso zihlala zicalula abafazi kunye nabantu bemibala ngenxa yedatha engalunganga, iingcamango zobuxoki, kunye nokungabikho kokuhlolwa kobugcisa. Ezinye iinkampani zenza "iibhodi zendlela yokuziphatha" ukuthomalalisa inkxalabo yoluntu, kodwa abagxeki bathi iibhodi zinempembelelo encinci okanye azinayo.
Emva kokuba ujonge zonke ezi ndlela kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezininzi kwingxelo, unokugqiba: i-Intanethi inamandla okusiphakamisa kunye nokusiphosa enzonzobileni. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo oku kuye kwacaca kubantu abaninzi. Kwakhona kuye kwacaca ukuba kufuneka sinyuke kwaye senze into malunga nayo ukuba sifuna ihlabathi ledijithali lekamva libe lelona lilungileyo kuluntu kunokuba libe libi.
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba abantu abaninzi banikezela ubomi babo ekudaleni i-Intanethi enempilo, enobuntu. Kwingxelo ye-Mozilla yalo nyaka, unokufunda malunga namavolontiya ase-Ethiopia, amagqwetha amalungelo edijithali e-Poland, abaphandi bamalungelo oluntu e-Iran nase-China, kunye nokunye.
Ngokutsho kweMozilla, eyona njongo iphambili yengxelo kukuba ibe yimbonakaliso yemeko ekhoyo ngoku kwinethiwekhi yehlabathi kunye nesixhobo sokusebenza ukuyitshintsha. Ijolise ekukhuthazeni abaphuhlisi kunye nabaqulunqi ukuba benze iimveliso ezintsha zasimahla, ukunika abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo umxholo kunye neembono zemithetho, kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukubonelela abemi kunye namatsha ntliziyo ngomfanekiso wendlela abanye abazabalazela ngayo i-Intanethi engcono, ngethemba lokuba abantu abaninzi ihlabathi liya kuzama ukutshintsha kunye nabo.
umthombo: 3dnews.ru