Ekuqaleni konyaka wesikolo, sagqiba ekubeni sixelele ngomnye wemiboniso kwingqokelela yethu, umfanekiso wayo uhlala uyinkumbulo ebalulekileyo kumawaka abantwana besikolo beminyaka yee-1980.
Eight-bit Yamaha KUVT2 luguqulelo lwaseRashiya lwekhompyuter yomgangatho we-MSX, eyasungulwa ngo-1983 lisebe laseJapan leMicrosoft. Ezinjalo, enyanisweni, amaqonga emidlalo esekelwe yathinjwa iJapan, iKorea kunye neChina, kodwa phantse yayingaziwa e-US kwaye kwakunzima ukuyigqobhoza eYurophu.
I-KUVT imele "iseti yezixhobo zekhompyutha zemfundo." Le fomula yaphuhliswa kwisiqingatha sokuqala soo-1980 ngexesha leengxoxo ezinde kwizifundo, abaphathiswa kunye nezamashishini. Iimpendulo zemibuzo malunga nendlela yophuhliso lweteknoloji yekhompyutheni kunye nesidingo soqeqesho kwi-teknoloji yolwazi ayizange ibonakale icacile ngelo xesha.
Ngo-Matshi 17, i-1985, iKomiti ePhakathi ye-CPSU kunye neBhunga labaPhathiswa be-USSR yamkela isisombululo esihlangeneyo "Kwimilinganiselo yokuqinisekisa ukufundiswa kwekhompyutheni yabafundi kwizikolo eziziisekondari kunye nokuqaliswa ngokubanzi kweekhompyutha ze-elektroniki kwinkqubo yemfundo." Emva koko, ukufundisa isayensi yekhompyutha ezikolweni kuqala ukudibanisa kwinkqubo ehambelanayo okanye engaphantsi, kwaye ngoSeptemba 1985, kunye nenkomfa yezizwe ngezizwe "Abantwana abakwiXesha loLwazi" iyenzeka.
Ikhava yeprogram yenkomfa yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nomboniso "Abantwana abakwixesha loLwazi", 06-09.05.1985 (ukusuka kwi-archive ye-A.P. Ershov, BAN)
Ngokuqinisekileyo, umhlaba wale nto wawulungiselelwe ixesha elide - ukuphuculwa kwemfundo yamabanga aphakamileyo kwiingoma ezahlukahlukeneyo kwaqala ukuxoxwa emva ko-1970.
Kuqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo lweSoviet, ummiselo odibeneyo wawubaluleke kakhulu kwaye ushukumise ngokungathandabuzekiyo isenzo esikhawulezileyo, kodwa wawungenazo izisombululo esele zenziwe. Ngaphambili, abanye abantwana besikolo bebedibana neekhompyutha xa besenza umsebenzi wabo, kodwa bezingekho iikhompyutha ezizezabo ezikolweni. Ngoku, nokuba abalawuli babeyifumana imali yokuthenga izixhobo zokuqeqesha, babengazi ukuba luhlobo luni lwemoto abanokuthenga. Ngenxa yoko, izikolo ezininzi zazixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo (zombini zaseSoviet nezangaphandle), ngamanye amaxesha zingahambelani nakwiklasi enye.
Impumelelo ekusasazeni i-IT ezikolweni yamiselwa ikakhulu nguMfundi Andrei Petrovich Ershov, ovimba wakhe uphela. enikelwe kwingxaki yezixhobo zobugcisa beeklasi ze-informatics. Ikhomishini ekhethekileyo yangaphakathi yamasebe yenze uviwo lokusetyenziswa kwe-Agat PC ngeenjongo zemfundo kwaye ayizange yaneliseke: i-Agats yabonakala ingahambelani nezinye iikhomputha ezaziwayo kwaye yasebenza ngesiseko se-6502 microprocessor, eyayingenayo i-analogue I-USSR. Emva koko, iingcali zekhomishini ziqwalasele iinketho ezininzi kwiikhomputha ezikhoyo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe - okokuqala, kwakuyimfuneko ukukhetha phakathi kweekhompyutheni ze-8-bit zasekhaya ezifana ne-Atari, i-Amstrad, i-Yamaha MSX kunye ne-IBM PC ehambelana noomatshini.
Isicatshulwa kwimemorandam kanobhala wecandelo le-informatics kunye nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha kumaziko emfundo yeKomishoni ye-Interdepartmental kwi-Computer Technology, u-O. F. Titov, kwi-Academician A. P. Ershov (ukusuka kwi-archive ye-A. P. Ershov, BAN)
Ehlotyeni le-1985, ukhetho lwenziwa kwiikhomputha ze-architecture ye-MSX, kwaye ngoDisemba iiseti ze-4200 zafunyanwa kwaye zahanjiswa kwi-USSR. Ukuphunyezwa bekunzima ngakumbi, njengoko ukuhanjiswa kwazo zombini iimpepha kunye nesoftware kusilele ngasemva. Ngaphezu koko, ngo-1986 kwavela ukuba i-software ephuhliswe yi-Informatics Problems ye-Academy yaseRashiya yeSayensi ayizange i-100% ihambelane nemigaqo yereferensi: kuphela ezinye iinkqubo ezinokusetyenziswa ngokwenene esikolweni, kwaye isivumelwano asiboneleli. ngenkxaso yobugcisa.
Ke umbono olungileyo ngophononongo olusisiseko, indlela yokufunda, kunye nesiseko sobugcisa esikhethiweyo (esiphantse sahanjiswa kubasebenzisi bokugqibela) sijongene nokuthotywa kobudlelwane phakathi kwemibutho eyahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kobunzima bokwazisa indlela entsha, iinzame eziqalwe ngamaziko emfundo ziye zavelisa iziphumo. Ootitshala besikolo besifundo esandula ukuqaliswa se-JIHT - iziseko zesayensi yekhompyutha kunye nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha - bafunde indlela yokucacisa iziseko zeprogramu kubantwana besikolo, kwaye abaninzi babo bafunda iSiseko bhetele kunesiNgesi.
Abaninzi kwabo bafunda kwizikolo zaseSoviet phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1980 bakhumbula iYamaha ngokufudumala. Aba matshini ekuqaleni babengoomatshini bokudlala, yaye abantwana besikolo ngokufuthi babebasebenzisela injongo yabo yantlandlolo.
Kuba ezi ibiziikhompyuter zesikolo, awuzukwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwangoko - ukhuseleko olusisiseko kubantwana abanolwazi luyanikezelwa. Ityala alikhuphi, kodwa livula ngokucinezela iiletshi ezibekwe kwimingxuma engabonakaliyo.
Ibhodi kunye ne-microcircuits ngamaJapan, ngaphandle kwe-Zilog Z80 microprocessor. Kwaye kwimeko yakhe, kunokwenzeka ukuba, iisampuli ezenziwe eJapan zazisetyenziswa.
Iprosesa efanayo yeZilog Z80 ekwanika amandla iZX Spectrum, iColecoVision game console, kunye ne iconic Prophet-5 synthesizer.
Ikhompyuter yayiseRussia, ngelixa uyilo lwebhodibhodi luye lwaba yinto engaqhelekanga kwinkangeleko yangoku. Oonobumba besiRashiya bakwinguqulelo eqhelekileyo ethi YTSUKEN, kodwa oonobumba be-alfabhethi yesiLatini bacwangciswe ngokomgaqo we-JCUKEN woguqulelo.
Inguqulelo yethu yinguqulelo yabafundi, ukusebenza kwayo kulinganiselwe kancinci. Ngokungafaniyo nekatitshala, ayinasilawuli sokuqhutywa okanye ezimbini ii-3" zeefloppy drives.
Kwikona ephezulu ngasekunene kukho izibuko zoqhagamshelo lweserial - izixhobo zekhompyutha zemfundo zadityaniswa kwinethiwekhi yendawo.
I-ROM yomatshini yayifakwe kuqala ngeetoliki eziSisiseko kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ze-CP/M kunye ne-MSX-DOS.
Iikhompyuter zokuqala zine-ROM efakwe kwinguqulelo yangaphambili ye-MSX
Iimonitha zixhunywe kwiikhomputha, phakathi kwazo ezona ziqhelekileyo zaziyi-EIZO 3010 kunye nohlobo lokukhanya okuluhlaza. Umthombo wefoto:
Kwakukho iindlela ezimbini zokusebenza: umfundi kunye nomfundi, ngokucacileyo, oku kwakuyimfuneko ukuba utitshala akhuphe izabelo ngenethiwekhi yendawo.
Qaphela ukuba iikhompyuter ze-MSX zoyilo aziveliswanga yiYamaha Corporation kuphela, kodwa nangabanye abaninzi abavelisi baseJapan, baseKorea nabaseTshayina. Umzekelo, iintengiso zekhompyuter yeDaewoo MSX.
Ewe, kwabo balusizi malunga neeklasi zesayensi yekhompyuter epholileyo kwizikolo zaseSoviet, kukho ulonwabo olwahlukileyo - . Uyakhumbula?
umthombo: www.habr.com