Asidingi zilungiso zoguqulo: umguquleli wethu wazi ngcono ukuba kufuneka iguqulelwe njani

Esi sithuba linge lokufikelela kubapapashi. Ukuze beve kwaye baphathe iinguqulelo zabo ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi.

Ngexesha lokuhamba kwam, ndathenga iincwadi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Iincwadi ezivela kwiindidi zabavakalisi. Zombini ezincinci kunye ezinkulu. Okokuqala, izindlu ezinkulu zokupapasha ezinethuba lokutyala imali ekuguquleleni uncwadi lobugcisa. Ezi yayiziincwadi ezahluke kakhulu: sonke sidlule okanye sihamba kuhambo lokuzifumana. Kwaye zonke ezi ncwadi zinento enye ezifana ngayo: zaguqulelwa ngendlela yokuba zingakwazi ukuzifunda. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ewe, uqhelana nokuguqulelwa kwamagama (ukuguqulela ngokuthe cwaka kwezo zisetyenziswa mihla le) nakwindlela eyaphukileyo yokubonisa, apho kuyacaca ukuba lo mbhalo uthathwe kwisiNgesi. Nangona kunjalo, awukho umkhwa wexabiso abapapashi abalicelayo kwiimpapasho ezithandwayo.

Abapapashi bayamenywa ukuba bagqabaze.

Makhe sizame ukuqonda ukuba yintoni incwadi? Masithathe incwadi enamaphepha angama-600, nto leyo engumndilili kwintengiso ye-IT. Ukuprinta ikopi enye, ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lentengo ye-Chekhov Printing House, esetyenziselwa izindlu ezinkulu zokupapasha, ilingana ne-ruble ye-175. Kwaye ukuprinta, umzekelo, iikopi ezingama-2 zilingana ne-000 ruble. Ukongezelela, ukuba uthatha incwadi eyaziwayo, ixabiso layo liya kuba malunga ne-ruble ye-350. Ezo. ukupapashwa kuya kufumana (000 - 1) * 500 - 1% = 500 ruble.

Kodwa ukupapasha kuneendleko ezininzi. Apha ngezantsi ziinzame zam ezilusizi zokubala, kodwa iNdlu yokuPapasha uPetros weza kumagqabantshintshi kwaye wachaza ngakumbi. Ukukhuphela kwinqaku + ikhonkco kumazwana:

Imizamo yam yosizi

• hlawulela indawo yokugcina impahla;
• ukuthutha ukusuka kwindawo yokushicilela ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla;
• iinkonzo zokusasaza (ngoko ndiyazi, malunga ne-ruble ye-150 ngencwadi ... kodwa oku kuyifantasy)
• iinkonzo zoguqulo-lwimi kunye nomhleli;
• ipesenti ethile encinci - imivuzo yeqela lonke lokushicilela (kukho iincwadi ezininzi, ngoko ke ipesenteji incinci);

Phendula IMnEpaTOP. Kusekho ezinye izinto ezininzi ezinomdla, ndincoma ukufunda

1. Ulibele ngentlawulo kumnini/umbhali welungelo lokushicilela (i-advance + royalties).
2. Ubale iirhafu ngendlela engeyiyo (ungaphantsi). Kukho i-VAT, kukho iirhafu zokwenyani.
3. Awuzange uthathe ingqwalasela "izinga lokuguqulwa", elichaza iimfuno zomda. Njengoko ubonile, le ncwadi ayipapashwa ngenyanga. Ujikelezo aluthengiswa ngenyanga. Kwaye iindleko kwasekuqaleni zibaluleke kakhulu (ulawulo lwangaphambili +, olwandulela uphando, ukwamkelwa kokupapashwa, ukufumana amalungelo). Kwaye iindleko zikhapha incwadi de ikopi yokugqibela ithengiswe. Ukuba upapasho aluvelisi ngeniso ingaphezulu kunezinye iindlela zotyalo-mali, kutheni kukho indlu yokupapasha?
4. Ukuba uneqela, kukho i-ofisi (iiofisi), apho basebenza khona kwiikhomputha ezithile, njl ... Ukugcinwa kwabo kubiza imali.
5. Ingcinga yokuba imivuzo yabasebenzi yipesenti encinci ifanelekile kuphela ukuba kukho iincwadi ezininzi ngokwenene. Kodwa ukuba zininzi kubo, ngokuqinisekileyo bafumana ingqalelo encinci (ongakuthandiyo). Kwaye ukuba kukho iincwadi ezimbalwa emsebenzini, ngoko ipesenteji yezi ndleko ayinakuba yincinci. Ngokubanzi, le nto yeendleko ithatha kakhulu njengoko abafundi bezimisele ukuyihlawula ngaphezulu.
6. Umngcipheko worhwebo. Ayizizo zonke iincwadi ezithengiswa njengoko bekucwangcisiwe, oko kuthetha ukuba, eyona nto ingcono, ayizizo zonke iincwadi ezenza inzuzo. Ngaphezu koko, ayizizo zonke iincwadi ezithengiswayo. Ngokwemvelo, yonke le mingcipheko ibalwa kwaye ihlawulwe ngokunyuka kwexabiso lazo zonke iincwadi ezipapashwe. Ngaloo ndlela, iincwadi ezidumileyo zihlawulela abo bangaphumelelanga.
7. Elona nqaku libi kakhulu ekubaleni kwakho yikomishini yokusasaza. Ayilungiswanga i-150r. Ayilungiswanga kwaphela. Umpapashi uthumela iincwadi ngobuninzi. Amanethiwekhi afakwa kwiishelufu nangaliphi na ixabiso elithathwa njengelifanelekileyo. Ekubaleni kwakho, ithegi yexabiso lomshicileli iyanda nge ~ 10%. Oku kukude kakhulu nenyaniso (umahluko uphindwe kaninzi; ukunyuka kwexabiso lokushicilela kunokufikelela kwi-60%, apho umthengisi uthatha yena ngokwakhe).

Ke ngoko, kuya kubakho ukukhathala, kodwa hayi okumangalisayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-akhawunti iya kugqiba i-ruble encinci ngaphezu kwe-500,000 ukusuka kwiikopi ze-2,000. Ngokombono wamashishini amakhulu, isixa asikho kangako. Ngoko ke, abavakalisi baqalisa ukonga imali. Ngokomzekelo, kolu luhlu lungasentla andizange ndibonise ukuvavanywa kwezithethi zomthonyama weteknoloji ebhalwe ngayo incwadi. Ngoba? Kungenxa yokuba amaziko okupapasha aye anika le modeli “iingcali zobugcisa ziyifundela incwadi ngesisa, ziyilungise, ziyilungise, yaye igama lazo ziye zibhalwe ngombhalo omncinane kwindawo ethile apho kungafundwa mntu.” Kwabanye kukuzicingela, kwabanye kukunciphisa iindleko. Kuzwakala kukuhle, ukuba kungekhona "kodwa" enye.

Abapapashi abafuni zihlelo zethu.

Asinguye wonke umntu owaziyo, kodwa ndinayo umsebenzi omncinci, endiyibhalayo ngamaxesha athile. Ikwi-github kwaye isasazwe phantsi kwelayisensi yasimahla. Ngalo msebenzi, ndaqhagamshelana neempapasho ezimbini (andiyi kunika amagama, kodwa iincwadi zabo zikwiishelufu zenu). Okwesihlandlo sokuqala ndazama ukubhena ngeentsuku zokuqala, xa kwakubhalwe ama-30 ekhulwini.

• Ndandifuna eyam ikhava, endiyalele kumyili we studio yaseLebedev. Abekho;
• bafuna ukuba ndisuse zonke iikopi zencwadi kwi-github. Oku akunakwenzeka, ngoko ke ndaxoxa ukuba akunakwenzeka;
• Bendifuna ukuligcina ilungelo lokupapasha inguqulelo yesiNgesi ngokwahlukeneyo. Bawuvala umsebenzi, beyithethelela into yokuba ukuba indlu yokupapasha yolwimi lwesiNgesi isiza kubo, babengafuni ukuncama ithuba lokwenza imali ngayo. Kodwa abazange badibane nabo.
  Ndafuna ukutshintsha isivumelwano, kodwa bayenza ngendlela yokuba ngaphandle yonke into ibonakala ngathi ndingapapashwa ngesiNgesi ngokwahlukeneyo - kwindlu yokushicilela eyahlukileyo. Kodwa enyanisweni, hayi. Yaphela ke incoko.

Ndaqhagamshelana nenye impapasho. Bacela ukufunda umbhalo, ndathumela. Bakhuphe imiqathango:

• ukupapashwa kuya kundibiza ukusuka kwi-ruble ye-200,000.
• ukusuka kwiikopi ezingama-500
• iphepha eliphantsi (i-la newsprint, xa iileta zibonakala);
• xa kuthengiswa - 45% kum, 55% kubo.

Kwangaxeshanye, umsebenzi wajongwa ngumguquleli wabo. Ezo. Ingaba ithetha ntoni?

Indlu yopapasho ayinabo baprogram. Endaweni yoko, kukho abantu abenza uguqulelo lobugcisa. Indlu yokushicilela ayinabo abaprogram kulawulo lwayo. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Ukuba abaphathi abazi ukuba isicatshulwa sithetha ngantoni. Bakhathalele kuphela ukuthengisa. Kukho umntu wabasebenzi oguqulela uncwadi lobugcisa. Mhlawumbi wayitya inja kule nto, andithi? Oku kuthetha ukuba bayamthemba kwaye bamthathe njengengcali kweli candelo. Lo mntu ufumana incwadi kumbhali othile njengegalelo aze ayithelekise namava akhe. Ekubeni efumana uthotho lweencwadi ngegalelo lakhe + ezinye ziyaqhubeka, akayi kuphengulula nzulu kakhulu kumbhalo. Oko bandibhalela kona:

ikhowuti:“Lo ayisositshabalalisi konke konke, njengoko kusenokubonakala kuqala ngenxa yokufana kwisibhengezo sabagqibezeli be-C # kunye nabatshabalalisi kwi-C++. Umgqibeli, ngokungafaniyo nomtshabalalisi, uqinisekisiwe ukuba abizwe, ngelixa umtshabalalisi engenakubizwa. "
Umguquleli: Inkcazo ethi "umtshabalalisi kwi-C ++ ayinakubizwa" yimbudane epheleleyo (kwaye oku akukhankanyi ukusetyenziswa kwemo ye-reflexive yesenzi, engafanelekanga apha).
Ingxoxo ngaphandle kwecandelo lesibini inomdla ngakumbi, kodwa ayinayo imvelaphi - incwadi kaRichter "CLR ngeC #" mhlawumbi iqulethe konke oku. I-multithreading ethenjisiweyo igutyungelwe ngokugqibeleleyo kwincwadi malunga nesi sihloko esiguqulelwe ngu .
Ukusebenzisa isigama kombhali nako akunagalelo ekuthembekeni kwencwadi.
Kodwa nanku omnye umzekelo: ngokwenyani kwiphepha elinye kukho iinguqulelo ezintathu zegama elinye (i-stack unwinding): ukunyusa, ukukhulula kunye nokukhulula. Indlela yokuvavanya oku?
Ngokubanzi, ukuyipapasha kwifom yencwadi, kuya kufuneka uphinde uyibhale into okanye uyihlele ngononophelo.

Andizenzi ndinesimbo esilungileyo, ukungabikho kweempazamo kwigrama, upelo. Kodwa ... ngaba umguquleli uhlalutya iimpazamo kwinkcazo yeteknoloji? Kwaye ngokuzithemba, ukunika ukubhala kwakhona yonke into kwaye ungacingi ukuba akazi nto. Impendulo yaba:

Ukuba awuyikukhulula imemori kwinto, umtshabalalisi akayi kubizwa ngokuba, kuba kuya kubakho ukuvuza kwememori.

Ukwahluka kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kuyo yonke indawo, ngokungafaniyo kwincwadi yam.

Ukusebenzisa isigama kombhali nako akunagalelo ekuthembekeni kwencwadi.

Esi sisigama somdwelisi wenkqubo. Ngaba ingcaphephe yakho ngumphuhlisi we.NET?

Kodwa nanku omnye umzekelo: ngokwenyani kwiphepha elinye kukho iinguqulelo ezintathu zegama elinye (i-stack unwinding): ukunyusa, ukukhulula kunye nokukhulula. Indlela yokuvavanya oku?

Omathathu amagama asetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo.

Kwangaxeshanye, ndazama isandla sam ekuhleleni inguqulelo esuka kwisiNgesi ukuya kwisiRashiya. Umbhalo sisihogo esiqhelekileyo. Zombini kwisimbo kunye nokuguqulelwa kwamagama. Ezo. Ibhalwe ngesiRashiya, kodwa hayi ngesiRashiya. Ibhalwe ngesiNgesi. Ivakala iqhelekile? Ndisonge imikhono yam kwaye ndiqalise ukuhlela. Ngamanye amaxesha - kwimihlathi. Impendulo yaba yinto efana nale: kutheni uyenza le nto? Siyazi ngcono ukuba kufanele ukuba kulungile. Umguquleli wethu ulunge kakhulu kwaye emva kwakhe akukho mfuneko yokujonga isimbo kunye nokuguqulela. Kuphela imimiselo ethile, uluhlu lwekhowudi. Akukho mfuneko yokuchitha ixesha ekuguquleleni.

Kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuguqulelwa kwisiNgesi kwenzelwa mna bartov-e. Yena neqela lakhe banendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, ndinento endinokuyithelekisa nayo. Yena nomguquleli wesibini baqale bandihlohla ngemibuzo. Malunga ilifa, iitafile virtual. iindlela, malunga GC. Babuza imibuzo emininzi kangangokuba ndiqinisekile ukuba bobabini babeza kuluphumelela udliwano-ndlebe njengenkqubo ye-NET. Emva kwexesha, imibuzo yaba mbalwa kwaye iyancipha. Kwaye okwangoku akukho phantse nanye. Ngoba? Kuba beze nesigama esichanekileyo. Kwaye kutsha nje undithumelele oku:

Ukuthi ndothukile kungathethi nto. Ezo. Kuvela ukuba iinguqulelo zinokulunga? 🙂 Kodwa phantsi komqathango omnye: xa ukuhlelwa okuvela kumdwelisi weprogram kuhamba ngokuhambelana nokuguqulelwa, kwaye kungekhona ekupheleni, xa indlu yokupapasha iya kuba nosizi ngexesha elichithwe.

Umhleli kunye nomdwelisi wovavanyo kufuneka asebenze ngokunxuseneyo noguqulo

Izigqibo ngokwakho

Abapapashi abayidingi iinguqulelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwisiRashiya. Oku kuyabiza kubo. Ngelixa umdwelisi wenkqubo ehlola iimpazamo, ngelixa esenza ukuhlelwa ngokupheleleyo, de kube kuvunyelwene nomvakalisi (iingxabano kumhlathi ngamnye), ixesha elininzi liya kudlula. Mhlawumbi nangonyaka. Ngeli xesha, itekhnoloji inokuthi iphelelwe lixesha kwaye ingabi yimfuneko. Kwaye incwadi kufuneka iphoswe eshelufini ngoku, ngelixa isihloko sishushu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Intanethi igcwele amanqaku. Amanqaku asimahla. Kwaye indlu yokushicilela ilahlekelwa ngabathengi. Ingakumbi ngenguqulelo evakalala. Kodwa, bavakalisi abathandekayo. Kutheni sithenga iincwadi?

Ngokomntu, ndithatha iincwadi kuba umbhali wencwadi, ngokungafaniyo nombhali wenqaku, ucinga kwihlabathi jikelele. Ezo. Ndifumana inkcazo enzulu kunye nengcinga ngakumbi yetekhnoloji. Mna ngokwam ndikufumanisa kulula ukufunda incwadi kunokusuka kwi-e-reader okanye isikrini. Akukho kukhanya kwesikrini, ungatyhila amaphepha. Kuba ndidiniwe ziscreens ndifuna into ebambekayo. Incwadi.

Ngoko ke, bavakalisi abathandekayo. Iimammoths zeshishini lokushicilela. Kukho umyalelo wokuguqulela phakathi kwabaguquleli. Ukuba umntu othetha loo mthonyama uguqulela kuqala, ngoko ke uhlengahlengiso lwenziwa ngummi womthonyama wolwimi ekujoliswe kulo. Oku akubonakali kungaqhelekanga kuwe. Oku kusengqiqweni kwaye kubonakala kuqhelekile kuwe. Ke, kwimeko yeencwadi ze-IT, abathwali ngabaprogram. Kwaye kufuneka simanyelwe. Ukuze kamva sifunda iincwadi zakho, kwaye unengeniso kwixesha leeblogi kunye nolwazi lwamahhala.

Ngabasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo kuphela abanokuthatha inxaxheba kuphando. Ngena, ndiyacela.

Uguqulelo lobugcisa lwencwadi:

• Ndisazithatha iinguqulelo kude kube namhlanje.

• Andizange ndifunde iincwadi eziguqulelweyo unyaka ngoku.

• Andizange ndifunde iincwadi eziguqulelweyo iminyaka emibini ngoku.

• Andizange ndifunde iincwadi eziguqulelweyo iminyaka emine ngoku.

• Andizange ndizifunde iincwadi eziguqulelweyo ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu

Bali-175 abasebenzisi abavotileyo. Abasebenzisi abasi-46 abakhange.

Malunga nokuhlela

• Abahleli-nkqubo kufuneka baphulaphule kwaye bathembeke. Ukujonga kodwa ukuthembela

• Abaguquleli benza umsebenzi omhle, abadwelisi beprogram abababhali kwaye kungcono ukuba bangabaphulaphuli

• Inguqulelo yakho (kwizimvo)

133 abasebenzisi bavoti. Abasebenzisi aba-52 abakhange.

umthombo: www.habr.com